QueenSpotting

Download QueenSpotting PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Storey Publishing, LLC
ISBN 13 : 1635860385
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (358 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis QueenSpotting by : Hilary Kearney

Download or read book QueenSpotting written by Hilary Kearney and published by Storey Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the heart of every bee hive is a queen bee. Since her well-being is linked to the well-being of the entire colony, the ability to find her among the residents of the hive is an essential beekeeping skill. In QueenSpotting, experienced beekeeper and professional “swarm catcher” Hilary Kearney challenges readers to “spot the queen” with 48 fold-out visual puzzles — vivid up-close photos of the queen hidden among her many subjects. QueenSpotting celebrates the unique, fascinating life of the queen bee chronicles of royal hive happenings such as The Virgin Death Match, The Nuptual Flight — when the queen mates with a cloud of male drones high in the air — and the dramatic Exodus of the Swarm from the hive. Readers will thrill at Kearney’s adventures in capturing these swarms from the strange places they settle, including a Jet Ski, a couch, a speed boat, and an owl’s nesting box. Fascinating, fun, and instructive, backyard beekeepers and nature lovers alike will find reason to return to the pages again and again. This publication conforms to the EPUB Accessibility specification at WCAG 2.0 Level AA.

The Anatomy of the Honey Bee

Download The Anatomy of the Honey Bee PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1789120144
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (891 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Anatomy of the Honey Bee by : Dr. R. E. Snodgrass

Download or read book The Anatomy of the Honey Bee written by Dr. R. E. Snodgrass and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2018-02-27 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “As a world authority on insect anatomy, Snodgrass has given us this book a brilliant account of the anatomy of the honey bee and how it relates to the way that bees develop and how and why they function as they do in their interesting communal life. This book should be in the library of every student of the honey bee and bee behaviour—beekeepers as well as scientists. The book is delightfully written and is enjoyable reading.”—American Bee Journal “This is not just a technical reference book on honey bee anatomy. It is far more, it is essentially a treatise on entomology, using one species as an example, and including a discussion of the fundamentals of embryology, development, and metamorphosis as well as anatomy. The subject of each chapter is approached from the broadest evolutionary point of view, and its horizon includes all the arthropods and beyond, so that the bee really typifies animal life in general. Finally, the language of the book is such that it can be read straight through with pleasure....It is a delight to follow the author through this complete examination of one insect: how it develops, how it grows, and how it operates.”—Entomological News

The Barefoot Beekeeper

Download The Barefoot Beekeeper PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1326192256
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (261 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Barefoot Beekeeper by : Philip Chandler

Download or read book The Barefoot Beekeeper written by Philip Chandler and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015-05-08 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Barefoot Beekeeper is a book about chemical-free beekeeping, showing how it can be made accessible for all including those with disabilities. No heavy lifting is required. The author advocates small-scale, low-impact beekeeping with minimal disturbance to the bees and more time spent observing and learning from them. He shows how to make everything you need to keep bees yourself using recycled materials and simple tools.

At the Hive Entrance

Download At the Hive Entrance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781502864703
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (647 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis At the Hive Entrance by : H. Storch

Download or read book At the Hive Entrance written by H. Storch and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the Hive Entrance by H. STORCH. OBSERVATION HANDBOOK. "How to know what happens inside the hive by observation on the outside" English Version. You may want to also consider the book called "Nine Lectures on Bees" by Rudolf Steiner.

Keeping Bees with a Smile

Download Keeping Bees with a Smile PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : New Society Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1550927205
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (59 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Keeping Bees with a Smile by : Fedor Lazutin

Download or read book Keeping Bees with a Smile written by Fedor Lazutin and published by New Society Publishers. This book was released on 2020-04-07 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated bestselling guide to laid-back beekeeping for all, naturally! Are you a beginner beekeeper curious about bees or a practicing beekeeper looking for natural alternatives that work? Then this book is for you! In the second edition of the bestselling beekeeping guide Keeping Bees with a Smile , Fedor Lazutin, one of Europe's most successful natural beekeepers, shares the bee-friendly approach to apiculture that is fun, healthful, rewarding, and accessible to all. This new edition includes dozens of color photographs, new hive management techniques, and an updated version of "Lazutin hive" plans. Additional coverage includes: Keeping bees naturally without interfering in their lives Starting an apiary for free by attracting local bee swarms Building low-maintenance hives that mimic how bees live in nature Keeping colonies healthy and strong without any drugs, sugar, or gimmickry Helping bees to overwinter successfully even in harsh climates Enhancing local nectar plant resources Producing truly natural honey without robbing the bees Reversing the global bee decline... right in your backyard! Keeping Bees with a Smile is an invaluable resource for apiculture beginners and professionals alike, complete with plans for making bee-friendly, well-insulated horizontal hives with extra-deep frames, plus other fascinating beekeeping advice you won't find anywhere else.

Beekeeping For Dummies

Download Beekeeping For Dummies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley and Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119975689
Total Pages : 533 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Beekeeping For Dummies by : David Wiscombe

Download or read book Beekeeping For Dummies written by David Wiscombe and published by John Wiley and Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fast and easy way to start and maintain a hive Beekeeping For Dummies is a practical, step-by-step beginner's guide to beekeeping. It gives you plain-English guidance on everything you need to know to start your own beehive, from buying the right equipment, sourcing bees, and locating your hive to maintaining a healthy colony and harvesting honey. Plus, you'll get the latest information on the causes and effects of bee disease, colony collapse disorder, and the impact the sudden disappearance of the honeybee has on our environment and economy. Here, you'll get trusted information on beekeeping in the UK, specifically written to address climate, buying equipment, locating hives, the local impact of colony collapse disorder and ways to avoid or minimise the risk to your hive, seasonal beekeeping tasks, local beekeeping associations, and updated content on urban beekeeping. Understand the anatomy of your bees Learn techniques and tips for harvesting, bottling, packaging, and selling honey Discover the benefits of beekeeping Learn techniques on obtaining and hiving your bees If you're a beginner beekeeper, taking a beekeeping course, or just have an interest in the plight of the honeybee, Beekeeping For Dummies has you covered!

To Collect Honey, Avoid Disturbing the Hive

Download To Collect Honey, Avoid Disturbing the Hive PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : DD Books
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis To Collect Honey, Avoid Disturbing the Hive by : Dale Carnegie

Download or read book To Collect Honey, Avoid Disturbing the Hive written by Dale Carnegie and published by DD Books. This book was released on 2023-10-09 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embark on a journey through the intricate world of interpersonal relationships and tactful communication with "To Collect Honey, Avoid Disturbing the Hive." This insightful guidebook provides readers with a nuanced understanding of maintaining harmony while navigating various social scenarios. Discover strategies that empower you to extract positivity and cooperation from your interactions, without causing discord. With its blend of practical tips, real-life anecdotes, and psychological insights, this book illuminates the path toward achieving desired outcomes without upsetting the delicate balance of human interactions. How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie (Illustrated) :: How to Develop Self-Confidence And Influence People by Dale Carnegie is a collection of two essential works on interpersonal skills. Covering everything from building relationships to fostering self-confidence, these books are foundational reads for personal and professional growth. How to Win Friends & Influence People by Dale Carnegie From the Author of Books Like: 1. How to Develop Self-Confidence And Influence People by Public Speaking 2. How to Stop Worrying and Start Living 3. The Art of Public Speaking 4. How to Win Friends and Influence People in the Digital Age 5. The Quick and Easy Way to Effective Speaking 6. The Leader In You 7. How To Enjoy Your Life And Your Job 8. Public Speaking and Influencing Men in Business 9. Lincoln the Unknown “You can make more friends in two months by becoming interested in other people than you can in two years by trying to get other people interested in you.” From the fundamental techniques in handling people to the various ways to make them like you, this book offers insights on how to win people to your way of thinking; how to increase your ability to get things done; the ways to be a leader and change people without arousing resentment; and how to make friends quickly. A timeless bestseller, Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People has been an inspiration for many of those who are now famous and successful. With principles that stand as relevant in modern times as ever before, it continues to help people on their way to success. Master the fine art of communication, express your most important ideas, and create genuine impact with the help of international bestselling author Dale Carnegie. Written in his trademark conversational style, this book illustrates time-tested techniques through engaging anecdotes and events from the lives of legendary orators, historical figures, and successful leaders. This book will help you: - Become a great conversationalist, leaving a good impression wherever you go. - Persuade people to do what you want, unlocking numerous life-changing opportunities as a result. - Become a true leader, mastering the fine art of people management. - Create incredible and long-lasting connections that offer you genuine value and growth opportunities Full of timeless wisdom and sage advice, this practical handbook on human relations will equip you to navigate the treacherous waters of interpersonal relationships in both business and social settings. Now you too can unearth your true potential, forge long-lasting relationships, and discover How to Win Friends and Influence People in every walk of life! Dale Harbison Carnegie (November 24, 1888 – November 1, 1955) was an American writer and lecturer and the developer of famous courses in self-improvement, salesmanship, corporate training, public speaking and interpersonal skills. Born into poverty on a farm in Missouri, he was the author of the bestselling How to Win Friends and Influence People (1936), How to Stop Worrying and Start Living (1948) and many more self-help books. Summary of the Book 1. The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it. “You can’t win an argument. You can’t because if you lost it, you lose it; and if you win it, you lose it,” because, “a man convinced against his will, is of the same opinion still”. Instead, try to: A. Welcome the disagreement – you might avoid a serious mistake. B. Watch out for and distrust your first instinct to be defensive. C. Control your temper. D. Listen first. E. Look first for areas of agreement. F. Be honest about and apologise for your mistakes. G. Promise to think over your opponent’s ideas and study them carefully. H. Thank the other person sincerely for their time and interest. I. Postpone action to give both sides time to think through the problem. 2. Show respect for the other person’s opinions. Never say “You’re wrong.” It’s “tantamount to saying: ‘I’m smarter than you are.'” Instead, consider that “you will never get into trouble by admitting that you may be wrong” and see the above point. Even if you know you are right, try something like: “I may be wrong. I frequently am. If I’m wrong I want to be put right. Let’s examine the facts.” ---------- Techniques in Handling

Honeybee Democracy

Download Honeybee Democracy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 140083595X
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Honeybee Democracy by : Thomas D. Seeley

Download or read book Honeybee Democracy written by Thomas D. Seeley and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-09-20 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honeybees make decisions collectively--and democratically. Every year, faced with the life-or-death problem of choosing and traveling to a new home, honeybees stake everything on a process that includes collective fact-finding, vigorous debate, and consensus building. In fact, as world-renowned animal behaviorist Thomas Seeley reveals, these incredible insects have much to teach us when it comes to collective wisdom and effective decision making. A remarkable and richly illustrated account of scientific discovery, Honeybee Democracy brings together, for the first time, decades of Seeley's pioneering research to tell the amazing story of house hunting and democratic debate among the honeybees. In the late spring and early summer, as a bee colony becomes overcrowded, a third of the hive stays behind and rears a new queen, while a swarm of thousands departs with the old queen to produce a daughter colony. Seeley describes how these bees evaluate potential nest sites, advertise their discoveries to one another, engage in open deliberation, choose a final site, and navigate together--as a swirling cloud of bees--to their new home. Seeley investigates how evolution has honed the decision-making methods of honeybees over millions of years, and he considers similarities between the ways that bee swarms and primate brains process information. He concludes that what works well for bees can also work well for people: any decision-making group should consist of individuals with shared interests and mutual respect, a leader's influence should be minimized, debate should be relied upon, diverse solutions should be sought, and the majority should be counted on for a dependable resolution. An impressive exploration of animal behavior, Honeybee Democracy shows that decision-making groups, whether honeybee or human, can be smarter than even the smartest individuals in them.

The Hive and the Honey-bee

Download The Hive and the Honey-bee PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Hive and the Honey-bee by : H. D. Richardson

Download or read book The Hive and the Honey-bee written by H. D. Richardson and published by . This book was released on 1847 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Tears of Re

Download The Tears of Re PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199361401
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Tears of Re by : Gene Kritsky

Download or read book The Tears of Re written by Gene Kritsky and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-08 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to Egyptian mythology, when the ancient Egyptian sun god Re cried, his tears turned into honey bees upon touching the ground. For this reason, the honey bee was sacrosanct in ancient Egyptian culture. From the art depicting bees on temple walls to the usage of beeswax as a healing ointment, the honey bee was a pervasive cultural motif in ancient Egypt because of its connection to the sun god Re. Gene Kritsky delivers a concise introduction of the relationship between the honey bee and ancient Egyptian culture, through the lenses of linguistics, archeology, religion, health, and economics. Kritsky delves into ancient Egypt's multifaceted society, and traces the importance of the honey bee in everything from death rituals to trade. In doing so, Kritsky brings new evidence to light of how advanced and fascinating the ancient Egyptians were. This richly illustrated work appeals to a broad range of interests. For archeology lovers, Kritsky delves into the archeological evidence of Egyptian beekeeping and discusses newly discovered tombs, as well as evidence of manmade hives. Linguists will be fascinated by Kritsky's discussion of the first documented written evidence of the honeybee hieroglyph. And anyone interested in ancient Egypt or ancient cultures in general will be intrigued by Kritsky's treatment of the first documented beekeepers. This book provides a unique social commentary of a community so far removed from modern humans chronologically speaking, and yet so fascinating because of the stunning advances their society made. Beekeeping is the latest evidence of how ahead of their times the Egyptians were, and the ensuing narrative is as captivating as every other aspect of ancient Egyptian culture.

Bad Beekeeping

Download Bad Beekeeping PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Trafford Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781412006279
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Bad Beekeeping by : Ron Miksha

Download or read book Bad Beekeeping written by Ron Miksha and published by Trafford Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A million pounds of honey. Produced by a billion bees! This memoir reconstructs the life of a young man from Pennsylvania as he drops into the bald prairie badlands of southern Saskatchewan. He buys a honey ranch and keeps the bees that make the honey. But he also spends winters in Florida swamps, nurse-maid to ten thousand dainty queen bees. From the dusty Canadian prairie to the thick palmetto swamps of the American south, the reader meets with simple folks who shape the protagonist's character - including a Cree rancher with three sons playing NHL hockey, a Hutterite preacher who yearns to roam the globe, a reclusive bee-eating homesteader, and a grey-headed widow who grows grapefruit, plays a nasty game of scrabble, and lives with four vicious dogs. Encompassing a ten-year period, this true story evolves from the earnest inexperience of the young man as he learns an art and builds a business. Carefully researched natural biology runs counterpoint to human social activities. Bee craft serves as the setting for expositions that contrast American and Canadian lifestyles, while exemplifying the harsh reality of a man working with and against the physical environment.

A Beekeeper's Diary

Download A Beekeeper's Diary PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781735731902
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (319 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Beekeeper's Diary by : Charlotte E Wiggins

Download or read book A Beekeeper's Diary written by Charlotte E Wiggins and published by . This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do you want to be a beekeeper and need help on how to start? Charlotte Ekker Wiggins has written the definitive guide to beginning beekeeping. This diary will guide you on how to start, troubleshoot and successfully develop basic beekeeping skills and practices.The information in this easy to use guide, with handy check lists and tips, will answer your beginning beekeeping questions including: How to naturally feed your honey bees.Best beekeeping equipment. Where to set up your hives. How to get honey bees.How to manage pests and diseases.Plus much more! This diary continues to be used in Charlotte's beekeeping classes. It is approved for use with Great Plains Master Beekeeping Program classes.

Homegrown Honey Bees

Download Homegrown Honey Bees PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Storey Publishing, LLC
ISBN 13 : 160342881X
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Homegrown Honey Bees by : Alethea Morrison

Download or read book Homegrown Honey Bees written by Alethea Morrison and published by Storey Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2013-02-15 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the joys of harvesting honey from your own backyard. Alethea Morrison outlines what you’ll need to know to make it through the first year, while stunning macrophotography by Mars Vilaubi brings the inner workings of the hive to life. With in-depth discussions of allergies, colony hierarchy, bee behavior, and more, this approachably informative guide bursts with enthusiastic encouragement. Keep your own bees, and enjoy the sweet buzz.

The Complete Idiot's Guide to Beekeeping

Download The Complete Idiot's Guide to Beekeeping PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1101197811
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Complete Idiot's Guide to Beekeeping by : Dean Stiglitz

Download or read book The Complete Idiot's Guide to Beekeeping written by Dean Stiglitz and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2010-05-04 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The buzz on beekeeping. The Complete Idiot's Guide® to Beekeeping has all the information a begin­ning beekeeper needs to know to start a hive and keep it buzzing. Expert beekeepers Dean Stiglitz and Laurie Herboldsheimer, owners of Golden Rule Honey, take readers step by step through the entire process-from information on the inhabitants of a hive and how it works to collecting bees, keeping them healthy, raising a queen, harvesting honey and wax, and stor­ing hives for the off-season.

The Lives of Bees

Download The Lives of Bees PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691166765
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Lives of Bees by : Thomas D. Seeley

Download or read book The Lives of Bees written by Thomas D. Seeley and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seeley, a world authority on honey bees, sheds light on why wild honey bees are still thriving while those living in managed colonies are in crisis. Drawing on the latest science as well as insights from his own pioneering fieldwork, he describes in extraordinary detail how honey bees live in nature and shows how this differs significantly from their lives under the management of beekeepers. Seeley presents an entirely new approach to beekeeping--Darwinian Beekeeping--which enables honey bees to use the toolkit of survival skills their species has acquired over the past thirty million years, and to evolve solutions to the new challenges they face today. He shows beekeepers how to use the principles of natural selection to guide their practices, and he offers a new vision of how beekeeping can better align with the natural habits of honey bees.

Basics of ... Beekeeping

Download Basics of ... Beekeeping PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Basics of
ISBN 13 : 9780692240670
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (46 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Basics of ... Beekeeping by : Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth

Download or read book Basics of ... Beekeeping written by Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth and published by Basics of. This book was released on 2014-06-22 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic work has been greatly enhanced and extended with both photographs and images to illustrate the many facets of Beekeeping. A guide for the aspiring apiarist. All you need to know to get started in beekeeping. In this updated edition, a compilation of advice from Langstroth, Quinby, Huber, and a number of contemporary contributors, you will find everything you need to know about Honeybees, Apiculture, Honey and Pollen, the Hive, the Apiary, Breeding, Pasturage, Feeding, Swarming, Replacing the Queen, Enemies of Bees, Colony Collapse Disorder, and the mysterious Behavior of Bees. Well illustrated.

Neurobiology of Chemical Communication

Download Neurobiology of Chemical Communication PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466553413
Total Pages : 614 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neurobiology of Chemical Communication by : Carla Mucignat-Caretta

Download or read book Neurobiology of Chemical Communication written by Carla Mucignat-Caretta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-14 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intraspecific communication involves the activation of chemoreceptors and subsequent activation of different central areas that coordinate the responses of the entire organism—ranging from behavioral modification to modulation of hormones release. Animals emit intraspecific chemical signals, often referred to as pheromones, to advertise their presence to members of the same species and to regulate interactions aimed at establishing and regulating social and reproductive bonds. In the last two decades, scientists have developed a greater understanding of the neural processing of these chemical signals. Neurobiology of Chemical Communication explores the role of the chemical senses in mediating intraspecific communication. Providing an up-to-date outline of the most recent advances in the field, it presents data from laboratory and wild species, ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates, from insects to humans. The book examines the structure, anatomy, electrophysiology, and molecular biology of pheromones. It discusses how chemical signals work on different mammalian and non-mammalian species and includes chapters on insects, Drosophila, honey bees, amphibians, mice, tigers, and cattle. It also explores the controversial topic of human pheromones. An essential reference for students and researchers in the field of pheromones, this is also an ideal resource for those working on behavioral phenotyping of animal models and persons interested in the biology/ecology of wild and domestic species.