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The Response Of Terrestrial Carbon Exchange And Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations To El Nino Sst Forcing
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Book Synopsis The Response of Terrestrial Carbon Exchange and Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations to El Niño SST Forcing by : Stephen Craig
Download or read book The Response of Terrestrial Carbon Exchange and Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations to El Niño SST Forcing written by Stephen Craig and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate by : Michael J. McPhaden
Download or read book El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate written by Michael J. McPhaden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth’s most dominant year-to-year climate variation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change. Volume highlights include: Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting Future projections of ENSO and its impacts Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors.
Book Synopsis The Carbon Cycle by : T. M. L. Wigley
Download or read book The Carbon Cycle written by T. M. L. Wigley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-08-22 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is imperative to stabilizing our future climate. Our ability to reduce these emissions combined with an understanding of how much fossil-fuel-derived CO2 the oceans and plants can absorb is central to mitigating climate change. In The Carbon Cycle, leading scientists examine how atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have changed in the past and how this may affect the concentrations in the future. They look at the carbon budget and the "missing sink" for carbon dioxide. They offer approaches to modeling the carbon cycle, providing mathematical tools for predicting future levels of carbon dioxide. This comprehensive text incorporates findings from the recent IPCC reports. New insights, and a convergence of ideas and views across several disciplines make this book an important contribution to the global change literature.
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling of the Global Atmosphere in the Climate System by : Philip Mote
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of the Global Atmosphere in the Climate System written by Philip Mote and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-04-30 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 21. Simulating Future Climate G. J. Boer 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 2 International Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . 490 3 Simulating Historical and Future Climate 492 4 Climate Change in the 20th Century . . . 495 5 Simulating Future Climate Change 498 6 Climate Impact, Adaptation, and Mitigation 501 7 Summary . 502 Index 505 PREFACE Numerical modeling ofthe global atmosphere has entered a new era. Whereas atmospheric modeling was once the domain ofa few research units at universities or government laboratories, it can now be performed almost anywhere thanks to the affordability of computing power. Atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) are being used by a rapidly growing scientific community in a wide range of applications. With widespread interest in anthropogenic climate change, GCMs have a role also in informing policy discussions. Many of the scientists using GCMs have backgrounds in fields other than atmospheric sciences and may be unaware of how GCMs are constructed. Recognizing this explosion in the application of GCMs, we organized a two week course in order to give young scientists who are relatively new to the field of atmospheric modeling a thorough grounding in the basic principles on which GCMs are constructed, an insight into their strengths and weaknesses, and guid ance on how meaningful numerical experiments are formulated and analyzed. Sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and other institu tions, this Advanced Study Institute (ASI) took place May 25-June 5, 1998, at II Ciocco, a remote hotel on a Tuscan hillside in Italy.
Book Synopsis Earth System Science by : Michael Jacobson
Download or read book Earth System Science written by Michael Jacobson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2000-03-08 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, the study of cycles as a model for the earth's changing climate has become a new science. Earth Systems Science is the basis for understanding all aspects of anthropogenic global change, such as chemically forced global climate change. The work is aimed at those students interested in the emerging scientific discipline.Earth Systems Science is an integrated discipline that has been rapidly developing over the last two decades. New information is included in this updated edition so that the text remains relevant. This volume contains five new chapters, but of special importance is the inclusion of an expanded set of student exercises.The two senior authors are leading scientists in their fields and have been awarded numerous prizes for their research efforts. * First edition was widely adopted* Authors are highly respected in their field* Global climate change, integral to the book, is now one of the most important issues in atmospheric sciences and oceanography
Book Synopsis El Niño and the Southern Oscillation by : Henry F. Diaz
Download or read book El Niño and the Southern Oscillation written by Henry F. Diaz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-09 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is a recurrent feature of the climate in tropical regions. In this volume leading experts summarize information gained over the past decade concerning diverse aspects of ENSO, which have led to marked improvements in our ability to forecast its development months or seasons in advance. This volume compares ENSO's modern morphology and variability with its recent historic and prehistoric behaviour. It expands and updates Diaz and Markgraf's earlier volume El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation (1992, Cambridge University Press). The volume will be of importance to a broad range of scientists in meteorology, oceanography, hydrology, geosciences, ecology, public health, emergency management response and mitigation, and decision-making. It will also be used as a supplementary textbook and reference source in graduate courses in environmental studies.
Book Synopsis Warming and High Substrate Availability Increase Decomposition of Decades-old Carbon in Temperate Forest Soils by : Francesca Mia Hopkins
Download or read book Warming and High Substrate Availability Increase Decomposition of Decades-old Carbon in Temperate Forest Soils written by Francesca Mia Hopkins and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on climate in the 21st century depends in part on the response of terrestrial carbon cycle. Rising atmospheric CO2 levels are buffered by increased uptake of carbon into terrestrial ecosystems, but concomitant global warming will increase the rate of release of this carbon back to the atmosphere through respiration. Future climate depends on the relative stimulation of these processes, and the effects that warming and elevated CO2 concentrations have on the length of time carbon is stored in the biosphere. A major uncertainty in future climate projections is how these changes will affect the stability of soil carbon stocks. This is particularly critical for the large pool of relatively slow cycling carbon that could become a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere for decades if its decomposition rate increases with global warming. We studied soils from two decade-long Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments in temperate forests in North Carolina and Wisconsin to examine the effects of these global changes on the stability of soil carbon. We took advantage of the decade-long carbon isotope label in soils coming from additions of fossil-derived CO2 over the length of the experiment. The label allowed us to distinguish the effects of warming and substrate availability on decades-old carbon that pre-dated the FACE experiments. We found that carbon that was decades old, as well as carbon that was younger, were equally vulnerable to the effect of warming. We estimate that the majority (50-95%) of carbon in the topsoils of these temperate forests could contribute a feedback to global warming. Another key uncertainty is whether additional carbon added to soils from higher future productivity is stored or respired quickly back to the atmosphere. We simulated the effect of higher substrate availability in soils, and found that it promoted increased decomposition of soil carbon, but did not affect the age of respired CO2. Warming enhanced this effect, increasing respiration rates even more for a given increase in substrate. Our findings suggest that increased substrate from productivity enhancement is not likely to be stored in soils.
Book Synopsis Ocean Biogeochemistry by : Michael J.R. Fasham
Download or read book Ocean Biogeochemistry written by Michael J.R. Fasham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceans account for 50% of the anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere. During the past 15 years an international programme, the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), has been studying the ocean carbon cycle to quantify and model the biological and physical processes whereby CO2 is pumped from the ocean's surface to the depths of the ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years. This project is one of the largest multi-disciplinary studies of the oceans ever carried out and this book synthesises the results. It covers all aspects of the topic ranging from air-sea exchange with CO2, the role of physical mixing, the uptake of CO2 by marine algae, the fluxes of carbon and nitrogen through the marine food chain to the subsequent export of carbon to the depths of the ocean. Special emphasis is laid on predicting future climatic change.
Book Synopsis The CO2-climate Connection by : G. B. Tucker
Download or read book The CO2-climate Connection written by G. B. Tucker and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Environmental Change by : National Research Council
Download or read book Global Environmental Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-14 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can we understand and rise to the environmental challenges of global change? One clear answer is to understand the science of global change, not solely in terms of the processes that control changes in climate and the composition of the atmosphere, but in how ecosystems and human society interact with these changes. In the last two decades of the twentieth century, a number of such research effortsâ€"supported by computer and satellite technologyâ€"have been launched. Yet many opportunities for integration remain unexploited, and many fundamental questions remain about the earth's capacity to support a growing human population. This volume encourages a renewed commitment to understanding global change and sets a direction for research in the decade ahead. Through case studies the book explores what can be learned from the lessons of the past 20 years and what are the outstanding scientific questions. Highlights include: Research imperatives and strategies for investigators in the areas of atmospheric chemistry, climate, ecosystem studies, and human dimensions of global change. The context of climate change, including lessons to be gleaned from paleoclimatology. Human responses toâ€"and forcing ofâ€"projected global change. This book offers a comprehensive overview of global change research to date and provides a framework for answering urgent questions.
Book Synopsis A Consistent Model for the Response of the Atmosphere to Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly During El Niño by : Ping Tian
Download or read book A Consistent Model for the Response of the Atmosphere to Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly During El Niño written by Ping Tian and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309492432 Total Pages :29 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (National Academies Press, 2018) provides detailed guidance on how relevant federal agencies can ensure that the United States receives the maximum benefit from its investments in Earth observations from space, while operating within realistic cost constraints. This short booklet, designed to be accessible to the general public, provides a summary of the key ideas and recommendations from the full decadal survey report.
Author :Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat Publisher : ISBN 13 :9789291691432 Total Pages :151 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (914 download)
Book Synopsis Climate Change 2014 by : Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat
Download or read book Climate Change 2014 written by Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :James R. Ehleringer Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9780387220697 Total Pages :560 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (26 download)
Book Synopsis A History of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems by : James R. Ehleringer
Download or read book A History of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems written by James R. Ehleringer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-01-27 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trees, CO2 concentration, climate change, herbivores, temperature.
Book Synopsis Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years by : National Research Council
Download or read book Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-05 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a request from Congress, Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years assesses the state of scientific efforts to reconstruct surface temperature records for Earth during approximately the last 2,000 years and the implications of these efforts for our understanding of global climate change. Because widespread, reliable temperature records are available only for the last 150 years, scientists estimate temperatures in the more distant past by analyzing "proxy evidence," which includes tree rings, corals, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, ice cores, boreholes, and glaciers. Starting in the late 1990s, scientists began using sophisticated methods to combine proxy evidence from many different locations in an effort to estimate surface temperature changes during the last few hundred to few thousand years. This book is an important resource in helping to understand the intricacies of global climate change.
Book Synopsis Climate Modulations of Air-Sea Oxygen, Carbon, and Heat Exchange by : Yassir Eddebbar
Download or read book Climate Modulations of Air-Sea Oxygen, Carbon, and Heat Exchange written by Yassir Eddebbar and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exchanges of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and heat across the air-sea interface have broad and profound implications for climate and marine ecosystems. In this thesis, I use observations and models to improve our process understanding of how natural climate variability modulates these exchanges. In chapter 2, I investigate the impacts of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on air-sea O2 exchange. I use atmospheric inversions of global, continuous timeseries of atmospheric O2 and CO2 and ocean models to evaluate links between ENSO and air-sea O2 exchange and explore driving mechanisms using ocean and atmospheric models. I find that El Niño events lead to anomalous outgassing of oceanic O2, a response that is driven primarily by changes in the source and intensity of upwelling in the equatorial Pacific. In Chapter 3, I examine the impacts of tropical volcanic eruptions on air-sea exchanges of O2, CO2 and heat using coupled model simulations and observations. Here, I find that volcanic events lead to substantial oceanic heat loss that is accompanied by large oceanic uptakes of oxygen and carbon. An El Niño-like pattern emerges following tropical eruptions and plays a major role in modulating the oceanic response to volcanic forcing. In Chapter 4, I explore the use of global continuous atmospheric measurements of O2 and CO2 to evaluate claims that enhanced ocean heat uptake caused the recent global surface warming hiatus, based on a potential negative relationship between air-sea heat and gas exchange. Here, I find that the relationship between air-sea oxygen, carbon and heat fluxes due to natural variability is complex; air-sea heat and O2 exchange are positively coupled in the tropical Pacific, but are negatively coupled at higher latitudes. This spatially distinct relationship complicates the attribution of observed decadal trends in atmospheric O2 and CO2 to changes in ocean heat uptake, but may present an opporunitity to develop regional constraints. Collectively, the results of this thesis contribute to a quantitative and mechanistic framework enabling interpretation of O2 and CO2 trends in the context of ongoing ocean warming and deoxygenation.
Author :U.S. Global Change Research Program Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :0521144078 Total Pages :193 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (211 download)
Book Synopsis Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States by : U.S. Global Change Research Program
Download or read book Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States written by U.S. Global Change Research Program and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the science of climate change and impacts on the United States, for the public and policymakers.
