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The Relationship Between Articulatory Complexity And The Speech Interfering Effects Of A Delay In Auditory Feedback
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Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Articulatory Complexity and the Speech Interfering Effects of a Delay in Auditory Feedback by : Karen Lee Myers
Download or read book The Relationship Between Articulatory Complexity and the Speech Interfering Effects of a Delay in Auditory Feedback written by Karen Lee Myers and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Linguistic Experiment in Delayed Auditory Feedback by : Donald Leroy Baker
Download or read book A Linguistic Experiment in Delayed Auditory Feedback written by Donald Leroy Baker and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Speech Articulator Movements Under Computer Controlled Delayed Auditory Feedback by : James Richard Mergener
Download or read book Speech Articulator Movements Under Computer Controlled Delayed Auditory Feedback written by James Richard Mergener and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Auditory-motor Integration Influences on Speech Motor Control and Fluency: a Comparison of Normally Fluent Speakers and People who Stutter by : Hee-Cheong Chon
Download or read book Auditory-motor Integration Influences on Speech Motor Control and Fluency: a Comparison of Normally Fluent Speakers and People who Stutter written by Hee-Cheong Chon and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall purpose of this dissertation was to identify the effects of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) on speech motor stability and speech fluency in normally fluent adults (PWNS) and to compare them with effects on adults who exhibit persistent stuttering. If the auditory processing influences differently the two groups, it might shed light on the basic role of auditory-to-motor integration in speech production. Differences in auditory feedback dependency were also expected between normally fluent individuals who are highly susceptible to DAF and normally fluent individuals who are minimally affected by DAF. Three studies were conducted to (I) subgroup 62 normally fluent males and females based on their responses to DAF during spontaneous conversational speaking and reading tasks, (II) compare responses to DAF between 15 normally fluent adults who showed high stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) under DAF (High-SLD group), 15 normally fluent adults who showed low SLD under DAF (Low-SLD group), and 15 adults who stutter, and (III) compare the specific effects of DAF on speech motor stability and movement patterns (lower-lip movement) in 11 normally fluent adults versus 11 adults who stutter. Study I revealed that normally fluent participants, as a group, increased the amount of SLD and speech errors (SE), and decreased articulation rate (AR) when speaking under DAF relative to speaking under amplified non-delayed condition (aNAF). Sex had a limited differential effect on other disfluencies (OD) and AR whereas task effects were seen in OD, SE, and AR. Neither sex nor task, however, did influence SLD. Three subgroups, Low, Middle, and High Responders were identified. There were clear differences between the Low and High Responders in that the Low Responders exhibited smaller numbers of SLD and SE as well as faster AR than the High Responders. The Middle Responders revealed task dependency, showing different responses than those exhibited by the Low and High Responders. The results of Study II showed that people who stutter did not reduce SLD counts under DAF condition, a finding that deviates from reports of previous studies. PWS also exhibited higher mean number of SLD than the normally fluent Low-SLD group but similar to that of normally fluent High-SLD group. For all groups, the number of SE was higher and AR was slower under DAF than aNAF. PWS showed larger individual variability in responses to aNAF compared to natural feedback conditions in that some PWS reduced SLD under aNAF condition. Study III revealed significant difference between PWS and PWNS in speech kinematic stabilities, showing that PWS exhibited higher spatio-temporal index (i.e., lower speech motor stability) than PWNS across auditory feedback conditions in four utterance stimuli. PWS, however, yielded higher speech movement stability under aNAF and 25ms-DAF in longer stimuli compared to natural feedback condition. There was no group difference in movement displacement and velocity for opening-closing sequential movements but the patterns were different in each group. PWNS showed lower displacement and velocity under aNAF and DAF compared to natural feedback condition for both opening and closing movements whereas PWS showed higher displacement under DAF than aNAF condition and higher velocity under nNAF than 25ms-DAF. Normally fluent people showed shorter movement duration and faster articulation rate than PWS across auditory feedback and stimuli. This dissertation study has demonstrated different influences of auditory feedback on speech motor control in normally fluent adults and adults who stutter. In both groups, individual variability was obvious. In normally fluent adults, diverse responses to DAF could be explained with different auditory feedback dependency for ongoing speech articulatory production. PWS were more dependent on auditory feedback for speech production, and auditory-to-motor integration under aNAF and short delay feedback conditions helped them to improve speech motor stability.
Book Synopsis Learning, Speech, and the Complex Effects of Punishment by : Donald K. Routh
Download or read book Learning, Speech, and the Complex Effects of Punishment written by Donald K. Routh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DONALD K. ROUTH WHAT THIS BOOK IS ABOUT A reader who happens onto this book on the library shelf may find the title a puzzle. Learning is one broad subject. Speech is another. And the "complex effects of punishment" might seem far afield from either. Perhaps, intrigued by this apparent diversity and wanting to discover what common theme underlies it, the reader may begin leafing through the chapters. The first one recounts a series of studies of rats-using learning techniques from the psychology laboratory, to be sure, but applied to the study of behavior genetics, sex differences, and aging. The second chapter has to do with young children's discrimination learning. Then, there is a chapter on learning sets. Next, there is a chapter on stuttering. Then the topic shifts back to the study of learning in rats. Then, there is a clinical chapter on punishment effects. Finally, there is a historically oriented essay on Iowa psychology graduates. Surely, by now the puzzled reader wants an explana tion of why such diversity belongs between the covers of a single book.
Book Synopsis A Study of the Effects of Delayed Side-tone on Four Aspects of Stutterers' Speech During Oral Reading and Spontaneous Speech by : George Arnold Soderberg
Download or read book A Study of the Effects of Delayed Side-tone on Four Aspects of Stutterers' Speech During Oral Reading and Spontaneous Speech written by George Arnold Soderberg and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Lip-movements in Speech Under Conditions of Delayed Auditory Feedback by : Elmer LeRoy Johnson
Download or read book An Analysis of Lip-movements in Speech Under Conditions of Delayed Auditory Feedback written by Elmer LeRoy Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Articulation and Intelligibility by : Jont B. Allen
Download or read book Articulation and Intelligibility written by Jont B. Allen and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immediately following the Second World War, between 1947 and 1955, several classic papers quantified the fundamentals of human speech information processing and recognition. In 1947 French and Steinberg published their classic study on the articulation index. In 1948 Claude Shannon published his famous work on the theory of information. In 1950 Fletcher and Galt published their theory of the articulation index, a theory that Fletcher had worked on for 30 years, which integrated his classic works on loudness and speech perception with models of speech intelligibility. In 1951 George Miller then wrote the first book Language and Communication, analyzing human speech communication with Claude Shannon's just published theory of information. Finally in 1955 George Miller published the first extensive analysis of phone decoding, in the form of confusion matrices, as a function of the speech-to-noise ratio. This work extended the Bell Labs' speech articulation studies with ideas from Shannon's Information theory. Both Miller and Fletcher showed that speech, as a code, is incredibly robust to mangling distortions of filtering and noise. Regrettably much of this early work was forgotten. While the key science of information theory blossomed, other than the work of George Miller, it was rarely applied to aural speech research. The robustness of speech, which is the most amazing thing about the speech code, has rarely been studied. It is my belief (i.e., assumption) that we can analyze speech intelligibility with the scientific method. The quantitative analysis of speech intelligibility requires both science and art. The scientific component requires an error analysis of spoken communication, which depends critically on the use of statistics, information theory, and psychophysical methods. The artistic component depends on knowing how to restrict the problem in such a way that progress may be made. It is critical to tease out the relevant from the irrelevant and dig for the key issues. This will focus us on the decoding of nonsense phonemes with no visual component, which have been mangled by filtering and noise. This monograph is a summary and theory of human speech recognition. It builds on and integrates the work of Fletcher, Miller, and Shannon. The long-term goal is to develop a quantitative theory for predicting the recognition of speech sounds. In Chapter 2 the theory is developed for maximum entropy (MaxEnt) speech sounds, also called nonsense speech. In Chapter 3, context is factored in. The book is largely reflective, and quantitative, with a secondary goal of providing an historical context, along with the many deep insights found in these early works.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Delayed Auditory Feedback on Speech Rates by : Deborah Jean Camp
Download or read book The Effects of Delayed Auditory Feedback on Speech Rates written by Deborah Jean Camp and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Auditory Modulation During Speech Planning in Stuttering and Nonstuttering Individuals by : Ayoub Daliri
Download or read book Auditory Modulation During Speech Planning in Stuttering and Nonstuttering Individuals written by Ayoub Daliri and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stuttering is associated with atypical structural and functional connectivity among sensorimotor brain areas. However, it remains entirely unknown which specific mechanisms of sensorimotor control are affected by these neurological differences. In the program of research described here, I used a novel experimental paradigm and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings to study motor-to-sensory interactions during speech movement planning in stuttering versus nonstuttering speakers. Experiment 1 investigated whether stuttering adults are deficient in modulating the auditory system prior to speech initiation. Auditory modulation was examined by recording auditory evoked potentials in response to probe tones presented during movement planning in a delayed-response speaking condition as compared with no-speaking control conditions. Findings indicated that stuttering speakers did not show the modulation of auditory processing (reflected in reduced amplitude of the N1 component) that was observed in nonstuttering speakers. This finding raised the question whether stuttering individuals have problems specifically with generating or evaluating a planning-related efference copy signal that can be used to predict upcoming self-generated sensory inputs or, more generally, with using any available information to make sensory predictions. In Experiment 2, probe tones were therefore delivered while participants anticipated either self-producing speech or hearing their own pre-recorded speech played back and in a control condition without auditory input. Results showed that auditory modulation differed between stuttering and normally fluent adults in both conditions with predictable auditory input. Experiment 3 was designed to start exploring the functional significance of pre-speech auditory modulation in general, and the functional implications of stuttering speakers' lack of modulation. Participants in this experiment completed a sensorimotor adaptation task with formant-shifted auditory feedback, and the results served to estimate each speaker's reliance on auditory feedback. In a separate session, pre-speech auditory modulation was again assessed by means of probe tones, but this time N1 modulation relative to a no-speaking control condition was quantified both in a condition that allowed typical reliance on auditory feedback (non-delayed auditory feedback; NAF) and in a condition that did not allow reliance on auditory feedback (delayed auditory feedback; DAF). Results revealed that (a) stuttering speakers showed only limited adaptation to formant-shifted auditory feedback; (b) for nonstuttering speakers, DAF caused the amount of pre-speech auditory modulation to be reduced whereas for stuttering speakers, DAF enhanced pre-speech auditory modulation; and (c) across the two groups, there was a relationship between the effect of DAF on pre-speech auditory modulation and reliance on auditory feedback during the adaptation task. These studies demonstrate that stuttering individuals have difficulties with using auditory predictions--both those related to active movement planning and those related to input that is not a consequence of one's own actions--to prime this sensory system with critical importance for speech production. Moreover, stuttering individuals showed not only a lack of modulation of the auditory system under normal speaking conditions (NAF) but also a lower reliance on auditory feedback as revealed here during a sensorimotor adaptation task with formant-shifted auditory feedback. Overall, findings suggest that stuttering is associated with deficits in auditory-motor integration, and that the auditory system may be not appropriately modulated for its role in online feedback control during speech production. I speculate that the inability to use predictive information for appropriately priming task-relevant sensory systems for their role in monitoring articulatory movements may lead to unnecessary and disruptive attempts at correcting ongoing movements. These maladaptive "repairs" may contribute to the fluency breakdowns that form the primary symptoms of stuttering.
Book Synopsis Inner Speech by : Peter Langland-Hassan
Download or read book Inner Speech written by Peter Langland-Hassan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inner Speech focuses on a familiar and yet mysterious element of our daily lives. In light of renewed interest in the general connections between thought, language, and consciousness, this anthology develops a number of important new theories about internal voices and raises questions about their nature and cognitive functions.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of Articulation as a Function of Delayed Auditory Feedback by : Newman Guttman
Download or read book An Analysis of Articulation as a Function of Delayed Auditory Feedback written by Newman Guttman and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Speech Sound Discrimination and Speech Skill Decrement Under Delayed Auditory Feedback by : Barbara Maeder Tucker
Download or read book The Relationship Between Speech Sound Discrimination and Speech Skill Decrement Under Delayed Auditory Feedback written by Barbara Maeder Tucker and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Speech Disfluencies Produced Under Delayed Auditory Feedback and Auditory Processing Skills in Fluent Speakers by :
Download or read book The Relationship Between Speech Disfluencies Produced Under Delayed Auditory Feedback and Auditory Processing Skills in Fluent Speakers written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) is known to produce speech disruptions in fluent speakers. The present study examined the relationship between individualsâ susceptibility to DAF and their auditory processing skills. Forty participants (20 males and 20 females) read and produced monologue at no delay and 3 different delay levels of 100, 200, and 400 ms. Auditory processing skills were evaluated using dichotic digits test (DDT) and staggered spondaic word (SSW) test. Males produced significantly more Stuttering-Like Disfluencies (SLDs) under DAF than females. Significantly more SLDs were observed during conversation compared to reading. Overall, there was significant correlation between the frequency of SLDs and auditory performance on SSW test. Females scored significantly better on both SSW test and DDT compared to males. Scores on attention regulation questionnaire were not significantly different between genders. Fewer SLDs observed in females under DAF could be attributed to their superior control of auditory processing resources compared to males.
Book Synopsis The Relation Between Speech Proficiency and Delayed Auditory Feedback Reactions by : Anita (Rankow) Krautkopf
Download or read book The Relation Between Speech Proficiency and Delayed Auditory Feedback Reactions written by Anita (Rankow) Krautkopf and published by . This book was released on with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Nature of Stuttering by : Charles Van Riper
Download or read book The Nature of Stuttering written by Charles Van Riper and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Foreign Accent Syndromes by : Jack Ryalls
Download or read book Foreign Accent Syndromes written by Jack Ryalls and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-08-13 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does it feel like to wake up one day speaking with a foreign accent from a country one has never visited? Why does someone wake up doing this? This book seeks to portray the broad and diverse experiences of individuals with a rare neurological speech disorder called Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS). Through a combination of personal testimony and scientific commentary, the book aims to shed unprecedented light on the understanding of FAS by elucidating the complex links between how the brain produces speech, how listeners perceive speech and the role that accent plays in our perception of self and others. The first part of the book provides a comprehensive introduction to FAS and covers a number of key subject areas, including: • The definition and phenomenology of FAS • A history of research on FAS • The causes and psychosocial consequences of FAS • A guide to further reading and a glossary of specialized terms. The chapters in part two provide a unique insight into the condition through personal testimony and accounts from family members. This collection of 28 testimonies from across the world underlines the importance of listening carefully to patients explain their cases, and in their own words. The final section contains a questionnaire for use by clinicians to support case history taking. The authors are two leading global experts on FAS, and this is the first volume of its kind to provide such a broad and comprehensive examination of this rare and poorly understood condition. It will be of great interest to practising clinicians in neurology, psychiatry, psychology and speech and language therapy/pathology, as well as students in health disciplines relevant to neurorehabilitation, linguists and also to families and caregivers.
