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The Prague Spring And The Warsaw Pact Invasion Of Czechoslovakia In 1968
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Book Synopsis The Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968 by : M. Mark Stolarik
Download or read book The Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968 written by M. Mark Stolarik and published by Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays and comments presented at an international conference held at University of Ottawa, Oct. 9-10, 2008.
Book Synopsis The Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 by : Günter Bischof
Download or read book The Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 written by Günter Bischof and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On August 20, 1968, tens of thousands of Soviet and East European ground and air forces moved into Czechoslovakia and occupied the country in an attempt to end the "Prague Spring" reforms and restore an orthodox Communist regime. The leader of the Soviet Communist Party, Leonid Brezhnev, was initially reluctant to use military force and tired to pressure his counterpart in Czechoslovakia, Alexander Dubccaron;ek, to crack down. But during the summer of 1968, after several months of careful deliberations, the Soviet Politburo finally decided that military force was the only option left. A large invading force of Soviet, Polish, Hungarian and Bulgarian troops received final orders to move into Czechoslovakia; within twenty-four hours they had established complete military control of Czechoslovakia, bringing and end to hopes for "socialism with a human face."
Book Synopsis The Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 by : Günter Bischof
Download or read book The Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 written by Günter Bischof and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2009-12-29 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On August 20, 1968, tens of thousands of Soviet and East European ground and air forces moved into Czechoslovakia and occupied the country in an attempt to end the 'Prague Spring' reforms and restore an orthodox Communist regime. The leader of the Soviet Communist Party, Leonid Brezhnev, was initially reluctant to use military force and tried to pressure his counterpart in Czechoslovakia, Alexander Dubcek, to crack down. But during the summer of 1968, after several months of careful deliberations, the Soviet Politburo finally decide that military force was the only option left. A large invading force of Soviet, Polish, Hungarian, and Bulgarian troops received final orders to move into Czechoslovakia; within 24 hours they had established complete military control of Czechoslovakia, bringing an end to hopes for 'socialism with a human face.' Dubcek and most of the other Czechoslovak reformers were temporarily restored to power, but their role from late August 1968 through April 1969 was to reverse many of the reforms that had been adopted. In April 1969, Dubchek was forced to step down for good, bringing a final end to the Prague Spring. Soviet leaders justified the invasion of Czechoslovakia by claiming that 'the fate of any socialist country is the common affair of all socialist countries' and that the Soviet Union had both a 'right' and a 'sacred duty' to 'defend socialism' in Czechoslovakia. The invasion caused some divisions within the Communist world, but overall the use of large-scale force proved remarkably successful in achieving Soviet goals. The United States and its NATO allies protested but refrained from direct military action and covert operations to counter the Soviet-led incursion into Czechoslovakia. The essays of a dozen leading European and American Cold War historians analyze this turning point in the Cold War in light of new documentary evidence from the archives of two dozen countries and explain what happened behind the scenes. They also reassess the weak response of the United States and consider whether Washington might have given a 'green light,' if only inadvertently, to the Soviet Union prior to the invasion.
Book Synopsis The Prague Spring 1968 by : Jarom¡r Navr til
Download or read book The Prague Spring 1968 written by Jarom¡r Navr til and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In addition to revealing the events surrounding the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, this is the first book to document a Cold War crisis from both sides of the Iron Curtain. It is based on unprecedented access to the previously closed archives of each member of the Warsaw Pact, as well as once highly classified American documents from the National Security Council, CIA, and other intelligence agencies." "Presented in a highly readable volume, the book offers top-level documents from Kremlin Politburo meetings, multilateral sessions of the Warsaw Pact leading up to the decision to invade, transcripts of KGB-recorded telephone conversations between Leonid Brezhnev and Alexander Dubcek." "To provide a historical and political context, the editors have prepared essays to introduce each section of the volume. A chronology, glossary and bibliography offer further background information for the reader." "The editors have a unique perspective to offer to foreign audiences since they are members of the commission appointed by Vaclav Havel to investigate the events of 1967-1970."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Book Synopsis The Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 by : Josef Pazderka
Download or read book The Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 written by Josef Pazderka and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The edited collection is the first attempt to take a more coherent look at the Russian perception of the Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact occupation of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. The publication is therefore a collection of interviews, memoirs and academic studies focusing on Russian soldiers, dissidents and journalists involved in and affected by the Soviet invasion. The book begins with a focus on the Soviet soldiers who came to Czechoslovakia. It depicts their inner world and the mighty machinery of the Soviet propaganda to which they were exposed. The Archive supplement offers a fresh look at the role of KGB and the Soviet embassy in the Czechoslovak events of August 1968 by Russian historians Nikita Petrov and Olga Pavlenko. The second part presents the Soviet journalists living in Prague in 1968 who supported the Prague Spring and subsequently paid for their stance by being deported and losing their job. The last part of the book focuses on the kinship that the Soviet liberal intelligentsia and dissident movement, which emerged while Leonid Brezhnev was tightening the screws in the USSR in late 1960s, felt toward events in Prague, which for them represented one of the last hopes for change. It begins with the study of the Czech researcher Tomas Glanc exploring the different reactions on Prague Spring and August 1968 invasion among the Soviet inteligentsia. Interviews with former Soviet dissidents Lyudmila Alexeeva and Natalia Gorbanevskaya follow. As a supplement, the diary of the ordinary Soviet citizen Elvira Filipovich is included.
Book Synopsis Operation Danube by : David Francois
Download or read book Operation Danube written by David Francois and published by Europe@war. This book was released on 2020-10-19 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 20 August 1968, hundreds of thousands of soldiers, dozens of thousands of tanks and armored vehicles, and hundreds of military aircraft of the Warsaw Pact armed forces invaded Czechoslovakia in an operation code-named Danube. It was the largest military undertaking in Europe since 1945. Starting with a description of the history of Czechoslovakia, especially after the communist takeover of power in 1948, this volume describes the birth and development of the Prague Spring in 1968 and an attempt to reform the communist system from within. It recounts the hostility this process encountered on the part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR/Soviet Union), and its allies within the Warsaw Pact, and provoked a split in the Kremlin about solutions for the resulting 'Czechoslovak problem'. The crisis that developed throughout the spring and summer of 1968 led to the military intervention. While paying special attention to the military and strategic aspects of the Czechoslovak crisis, this volume also provides a blow-by-blow account of its impacts upon the Czechoslovak armed forces and the Warsaw Pact. The subsequent military operation - codenamed Operation Danube - is described in all of its components, including the airborne and ground aspects, and the political operation that supported it. Within only 24 hours, the Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces secured the entire territory of Czechoslovakia, de-facto overrunning the local armed forces in the process. The Czechoslovak population organized non-violent resistance, thus highlighting the political aspects of the intervention. However, it was hopelessly out of condition to prevent the ultimate downfall of the so-called 'Prague Spring', and the related hopes. Nevertheless, the application of military power against a popularly-supported political reform marked a turning point in the Cold War, and forever changed the balance of power in Central Europe. Guiding the reader meticulously through the details of the forces involved, their organisation and equipment, Operation Danube offers a uniquely in-depth account of the invasion of Czechoslovakia and is profusely illustrated with more than 100 photos, maps, and exclusive colour artworks.
Book Synopsis Soviet Intervention in Czechoslovakia, 1968 by : Jiri Valenta
Download or read book Soviet Intervention in Czechoslovakia, 1968 written by Jiri Valenta and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 1991-11-01 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new edition of his highly acclaimed work, Jiri Valenta adds his assessment of Soviet military decisionmaking in the 1980s to his earlier analysis of decisionmaking and crisis management in the Soviet bureaucracy and Warsaw Pact. Comparing the events of 1968 to the Kremlin's very different reaction to reforms now under way in Czechoslovakia and the rest of Eastern Europe, Valenta shows that Soviet politics were never simple. The USSR's foreign policy response to the "Prague Spring," he contends, was the result of a complex political process conditioned by bureaucratic inertia, coalition politics, and East European pressures.
Book Synopsis Eastern Europe in 1968 by : Kevin McDermott
Download or read book Eastern Europe in 1968 written by Kevin McDermott and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of thirteen essays examines reactions in Eastern Europe to the Prague Spring and Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. Countries covered include the Soviet Union and specific Soviet republics (Ukraine, Moldavia, the Baltic States), together with two chapters on Czechoslovakia and one each on East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia and Albania. The individual contributions explain why most of these communist regimes opposed Alexander Dubček’s reforms and supported the Soviet-led military intervention in August 1968, and why some stood apart. They also explore public reactions in Eastern Europe to the events of 1968, including instances of popular opposition to the crushing of the Prague Spring, expressions of loyalty to Soviet-style socialism, and cases of indifference or uncertainty. Among the many complex legacies of the East European ‘1968’ was the development of new ways of thinking about regional identity, state borders, de-Stalinisation and the burdens of the past.
Book Synopsis Prague Spring 1968 by : Phil Carradice
Download or read book Prague Spring 1968 written by Phil Carradice and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A historian’s overview of Czechoslovakia’s Alexander Dubček, the Prague Spring of 1968, and the Warsaw Pact Invasion. Cold War nadir: January 1968 and in Czechoslovakia, the new Communist Party leader, Alexander Dubcek, has made it clear that this is the opportunity to loosen the Soviet stranglehold on the country. As the Prague winter slowly eases into a Prague spring, it really does seem as if Dubček has judged it right. Reforms in oppressive censorship laws, improved housing, a lessening of totalitarian oppression, Dubček promises and delivers on it all. The new regime in Czechoslovakia does seek to destroy communism but it does want to choose its own political destiny. And then, on the night of 20/21 August, the Prague Spring is crushed by the Warsaw Pact invasion: 200,000 Communist troops, mostly Soviet but also Polish and East German, flood the country. The resulting protests and rallies against the invasion, mostly by young people, are violent and bloody. Hundreds die in clashes; self-immolation, in public and before the eyes of the world, brings home the horror and the depth of feeling in the Czech people. It is the end of the Prague Spring, the reformation of Czechoslovakia having ended in ruins. But despite the brutal crushing of Czech hopes and dreams, the events of 1968 lay the foundations for future change. It will take another two decades but it is, ultimately, where the unraveling of the Communist bloc begins.
Book Synopsis Strategic Warning & the Role of Intelligence by :
Download or read book Strategic Warning & the Role of Intelligence written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 1968: The World Transformed by : Carole Fink
Download or read book 1968: The World Transformed written by Carole Fink and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-10-28 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1968: The World Transformed presents a global perspective on the tumultuous events of the most crucial year in the era of the Cold War. By interpreting 1968 as a transnational phenomenon, authors from Europe and the United States explain why the crises of 1968 erupted almost simultaneously throughout the world. Together, the eighteen chapters provide an interdisciplinary and comparative approach to the rise and fall of protest movements worldwide. The book represents an effort to integrate international relations, the role of media, and the cross-cultural exchange of people and ideas into the history of that year. 1968 emerges as a global phenomenon because of the linkages between domestic and international affairs, the powerful influence of the media, the networks of communication among activists, and the shared opposition to the domestic and international status quo in the name of freedom and self-determination.
Book Synopsis Invasion 68, Prague by : Josef Koudelka
Download or read book Invasion 68, Prague written by Josef Koudelka and published by Aperture. This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "DECREAZIONE" is a book collecting Joseph Koudelka's images exhibited at the fifty-firth Venice Biennale, at the Vatican Pavilion. With his suggestive black-and-white images and his moving, desolated landscapes, Koudelka tells stories of destruction, declined in three different forms: time, violence, and contrast between nature and uncontrolled industrial development. Josef Koudelka was born in Moravia in 1938. He published numerous photographic books on the relationship between man and landscape, about gypsy life, and on the invasion of Prague in 1968. Significant exhibitions of his works have been held at international museums and galleries and he received numerous major awards.
Book Synopsis The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath by : Kieran Williams
Download or read book The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath written by Kieran Williams and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-09-08 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Prague Spring of 1968 was among the most important episodes in post-war European politics. In this book Kieran Williams analyses the attempt at reform socialism under Alexander Dubcek using materials and sources which have become available in the wake of the 1989 revolution. Drawing on declassified documents from party archives, the author readdresses important questions surrounding the Prague Spring: Why did liberalization occur? What was it intended to achieve? Why did the Soviet Union intervene with force? What was the political outcome of the invasion? What part did the reformers play in ending the experiment in reform socialism? What was the role of the security police under Dubcek? The book will provide new information for specialists as well as introductory analysis and narrative for students of East European politics and history and Soviet foreign policy.
Book Synopsis The Logic of "normalization" by : Fred H. Eidlin
Download or read book The Logic of "normalization" written by Fred H. Eidlin and published by Fred Eidlin. This book was released on 1980 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a valuable addition to the literature related to the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. The author focusses his analysis on the facotrs that determined the post-invasion "normalization" primarily in terms of the Czechoslovak response to the invasion which imparted a specific character to the aftermath of the action of the Warsaw Pact.
Book Synopsis The Hot Summer Of 1968 by : Viliam Klimá?ek
Download or read book The Hot Summer Of 1968 written by Viliam Klimá?ek and published by . This book was released on 2021-04 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the spring of 1968, the Czechoslovakian Communist Party experimented with "socialism with a human face"-known then as the "Prague Spring." Suddenly there were new important changes for the citizens of Czechoslovakia: freedom of the Press; an end to arbitrary wiretaps; and the right to travel without prior authorizations and visas. The borders opened to the West, consumer goods appeared in the stores, and the winds of freedom blew over the country. Then, in late August, Soviet tanks invaded Prague to put an end to this brief liberalization experiment.Viliam Klimá?ek's vivid novel describes the impact of Prague Spring and the Soviet Invasion on the everyday lives of twenty-five Czechoslovakian families. Retelling the stories of both Czech and Slovak diaspora, Klimá?ek reveals how these political events changed the lives and future of these families forever. After briefly enjoying new freedoms they were forced to flee their homeland. Some saw their families torn apart; others lost their possessions or were dispossessed. But they all ventured on perilous journeys seeking refuge and freedom in new countries; and, like all immigrants, they had to rebuild their lives and livelihoods. The experiences that the characters in this novel endure and overcome are continually being repeated for untold millions again and again as people around the world flee intolerance, war, climate change, and other disasters in our contemporary age. Constructing his stories on real testimonies, Klimá?ek's novel is a beautiful hymn to tolerance and the necessity of supporting marginalized people.
Book Synopsis Between Prague Spring and French May by : Martin Klimke
Download or read book Between Prague Spring and French May written by Martin Klimke and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2011-06-01 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abandoning the usual Cold War–oriented narrative of postwar European protest and opposition movements, this volume offers an innovative, interdisciplinary, and comprehensive perspective on two decades of protest and social upheaval in postwar Europe. It examines the mutual influences and interactions among dissenters in Western Europe, the Warsaw Pact countries, and the nonaligned European countries, and shows how ideological and political developments in the East and West were interconnected through official state or party channels as well as a variety of private and clandestine contacts. Focusing on issues arising from the cross-cultural transfer of ideas, the adjustments to institutional and political frameworks, and the role of the media in staging protest, the volume examines the romanticized attitude of Western activists to violent liberation movements in the Third World and the idolization of imprisoned RAF members as martyrs among left-wing circles across Western Europe.
Book Synopsis A Cardboard Castle? by : Vojtech Mastny
Download or read book A Cardboard Castle? written by Vojtech Mastny and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2005-04-10 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to document, analyze, and interpret the history of the Warsaw Pact based on the archives of the alliance itself. As suggested by the title, the Soviet bloc military machine that held the West in awe for most of the Cold War does not appear from the inside as formidable as outsiders often believed, nor were its strengths and weaknesses the same at different times in its surprisingly long history, extending for almost half a century. The introductory study by Mastny assesses the controversial origins of the "superfluous" alliance, its subsequent search for a purpose, its crisis and consolidation despite congenital weaknesses, as well as its unexpected demise. Most of the 193 documents included in the book were top secret and have only recently been obtained from Eastern European archives by the PHP project. The majority of the documents were translated specifically for this volume and have never appeared in English before. The introductory remarks to individual documents by co-editor Byrne explain the particular significance of each item. A chronology of the main events in the history of the Warsaw Pact, a list of its leading officials, a selective multilingual bibliography, and an analytical index add to the importance of a publication that sets the new standard as a reference work on the subject and facilitate its use by both students and general readers.
