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The Newton Wars And The Beginning Of The French Enlightenment
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Book Synopsis The Newton Wars & the Beginning of the French Enlightenment by : J.B. Shank
Download or read book The Newton Wars & the Beginning of the French Enlightenment written by J.B. Shank and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nothing is considered more natural than the connection between Isaac Newton’s science and the modernity that came into being during the eighteenth-century Enlightenment. Terms like “Newtonianism” are routinely taken as synonyms for “Enlightenment” and “modern” thought, yet the particular conjunction of these terms has a history full of accidents and contingencies. Modern physics, for example, was not the determined result of the rational unfolding of Newton’s scientific work in the eighteenth century, nor was the Enlightenment the natural and inevitable consequence of Newton’s eighteenth-century reception. Each of these outcomes, in fact, was a contingent event produced by the particular historical developments of the early eighteenth century. A comprehensive study of public culture, The Newton Wars and the Beginning of the French Enlightenment digsbelow the surface of the commonplace narratives that link Newton with Enlightenment thought to examine the actual historical changes that brought them together in eighteenth-century time and space. Drawing on the full range of early modern scientific sources, from studied scientific treatises and academic papers to book reviews, commentaries, and private correspondence, J. B. Shank challenges the widely accepted claim that Isaac Newton’s solitary genius is the reason for his iconic status as the father of modern physics and the philosophemovement.
Download or read book Before Voltaire written by J.B. Shank and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have grown accustomed to the idea that scientific theories are embedded in their place and time. But in the case of the development of mathematical physics in eighteenth-century France, the relationship was extremely close. In Before Voltaire, J.B. Shank shows that although the publication of Isaac Newton’s Principia in 1687 exerted strong influence, the development of calculus-based physics is better understood as an outcome that grew from French culture in general. Before Voltaire explores how Newton’s ideas made their way not just through the realm of French science, but into the larger world of society and culture of which Principia was an intertwined part. Shank also details a history of the beginnings of calculus-based mathematical physics that integrates it into the larger intellectual currents in France at the time, including the Battle of the Ancients and the Moderns, the emergence of wider audiences for science, and the role of the newly reorganized Royal Academy of Sciences. The resulting book offers an unprecedented cultural history of one the most important and influential elements of Enlightenment science.
Book Synopsis The Military Enlightenment by : Christy L. Pichichero
Download or read book The Military Enlightenment written by Christy L. Pichichero and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Military Enlightenment brings to light a radically new narrative both on the Enlightenment and the French armed forces from Louis XIV to Napoleon. Christy Pichichero makes a striking discovery: the Geneva Conventions, post-traumatic stress disorder, the military "band of brothers," and soldierly heroism all found their antecedents in the eighteenth-century French armed forces. Readers of The Military Enlightenment will be startled to learn of the many ways in which French military officers, administrators, and medical personnel advanced ideas of human and political rights, military psychology, and social justice.
Book Synopsis Policing Public Opinion in the French Revolution by : Charles Walton
Download or read book Policing Public Opinion in the French Revolution written by Charles Walton and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-02 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, French revolutionaries proclaimed the freedom of speech, religion, and opinion. Censorship was abolished, and France appeared to be on a path towards tolerance, pluralism, and civil liberties. A mere four years later, the country descended into a period of political terror, as thousands were arrested, tried, and executed for crimes of expression and opinion. In Policing Public Opinion in the French Revolution, Charles Walton traces the origins of this reversal back to the Old Regime. He shows that while early advocates of press freedom sought to abolish pre-publication censorship, the majority still firmly believed injurious speech--or calumny--constituted a crime, even treason if it undermined the honor of sovereign authority or sacred collective values, such as religion and civic spirit. With the collapse of institutions responsible for regulating honor and morality in 1789, calumny proliferated, as did obsessions with it. Drawing on wide-ranging sources, from National Assembly debates to local police archives, Walton shows how struggles to set legal and moral limits on free speech led to the radicalization of politics, and eventually to the brutal liquidation of "calumniators" and fanatical efforts to rebuild society's moral foundation during the Terror of 1793-1794. With its emphasis on how revolutionaries drew upon cultural and political legacies of the Old Regime, this study sheds new light on the origins of the Terror and the French Revolution, as well as the history of free expression.
Book Synopsis Newton's Law of Attraction and the French Enlightenment by : Ruth Templeton Murdoch
Download or read book Newton's Law of Attraction and the French Enlightenment written by Ruth Templeton Murdoch and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Companion to the French Enlightenment by : Daniel Brewer
Download or read book The Cambridge Companion to the French Enlightenment written by Daniel Brewer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing essays by leading scholars representing a wide range of disciplines, this Companion offers new perspectives on the French Enlightenment. Clearly organized and easy to use, the volume provides a comprehensive overview of a period that marks the beginning of modern intellectual culture and political life.
Book Synopsis Reading Newton in Early Modern Europe by : Elizabethanne A. Boran
Download or read book Reading Newton in Early Modern Europe written by Elizabethanne A. Boran and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reading Newton in Early Modern Europe investigates how Sir Isaac Newton’s Principia was read, interpreted and remodelled for a variety of readerships in eighteenth-century Europe. The editors, Mordechai Feingold and Elizabethanne Boran, have brought together papers which explore how, when, where and why the Principia was appropriated by readers in Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, England and Ireland. Particular focus is laid on the methods of transmission of Newtonian ideas via university textbooks and popular works written for educated laymen and women. At the same time, challenges to the Newtonian consensus are explored by writers such as Marius Stan and Catherine Abou-Nemeh who examine Cartesian and Leibnizian responses to the Principia. Eighteenth-century attempts to remodel Newton as a heretic are explored by Feingold, while William R. Newman draws attention to vital new sources highlighting the importance of alchemy to Newton. Contributors are: Catherine Abou-Nemeh, Claudia Addabbo, Elizabethanne Boran, Steffen Ducheyne, Moredechai Feingold, Sarah Hutton, Juan Navarro-Loidi, William R. Newman, Luc Peterschmitt, Anna Marie Roos, Marius Stan, and Gerhard Wiesenfeldt.
Book Synopsis Voltaire: A Very Short Introduction by : Nicholas Cronk
Download or read book Voltaire: A Very Short Introduction written by Nicholas Cronk and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-10 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Voltaire (1694-1778), best remembered as the author of Candide, is one of the central actors -- arguably the defining personality -- of the European Enlightenment. In this Very Short Introduction, Nicholas Cronk explores Voltaire's remarkable career and demonstrates how his thinking is pivotal to our notion and understanding of the Enlightenment. In a fresh and modern examination of his writings, Cronk examines the nature of Voltaire's literary celebrity, demonstrating the extent to which his work was reactive and practical, and therefore made sense within the broader context of the debates to which he responded. The most famous living author in Europe in the 18th century, Cronk emphasises Voltaire's skills of 'performance' as a writer and his continued relevance today. He concludes by looking not only at Voltaire's impact in literature and philosophy, but also his influence on French political values and modern French politics. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Book Synopsis The Kingdom of Darkness by : Dmitri Levitin
Download or read book The Kingdom of Darkness written by Dmitri Levitin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 981 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This transformative account of early modern intellectual life culminates with new interpretations of two of its leading minds: Pierre Bayle and Isaac Newton.
Book Synopsis Newton and Empiricism by : Zvi Biener
Download or read book Newton and Empiricism written by Zvi Biener and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume of original commissioned papers on the subject of Newton and empiricism. The chapters, contributed by a leading team of both established and younger international scholars, explore the nature and extent of Newton's relationship to a variety of empiricisms and empiricists. Among the many significant contributions of the volume are a detailed engagement with Newton's optical writings, a careful contextualization of Newton's methods in seventeenth century context, a critical analysis of the ways in which Locke and Hume responded to Newton, and a history of the reception of Newton's methods in astronomy.
Book Synopsis Mapping Nature across the Americas by : Kathleen A. Brosnan
Download or read book Mapping Nature across the Americas written by Kathleen A. Brosnan and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maps are inherently unnatural. Projecting three-dimensional realities onto two-dimensional surfaces, they are abstractions that capture someone’s idea of what matters within a particular place; they require selections and omissions. These very characteristics, however, give maps their importance for understanding how humans have interacted with the natural world, and give historical maps, especially, the power to provide rich insights into the relationship between humans and nature over time. That is just what is achieved in Mapping Nature across the Americas. Illustrated throughout, the essays in this book argue for greater analysis of historical maps in the field of environmental history, and for greater attention within the field of the history of cartography to the cultural constructions of nature contained within maps. This volume thus provides the first in-depth and interdisciplinary investigation of the relationship between maps and environmental knowledge in the Americas—including, for example, stories of indigenous cartography in Mexico, the allegorical presence of palm trees in maps of Argentina, the systemic mapping of US forests, and the scientific platting of Canada’s remote lands.
Book Synopsis The Invention of Free Press by : Edoardo Tortarolo
Download or read book The Invention of Free Press written by Edoardo Tortarolo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tracking the relationship between the theory of press control and the realities of practicing daily press censorship prior to publication, this volume on the suppression of dissent in early modern Europe tackles a topic with many elusive and under-researched characteristics. Pre-publication censorship was common in absolutist regimes in Catholic and Protestant countries alike, but how effective it was in practice remains open to debate. The Netherlands and England, where critical content segued into outright lampoonery, were unusual for hard-wired press freedoms that arose, respectively, from a highly competitive publishing industry and highly decentralized political institutions. These nations remained extraordinary exceptions to a rule that, for example in France, did not end until the revolution of 1789. Here, the author’s European perspective provides a survey of the varying censorship regulations in European nations, as well as the shifting meanings of ‘freedom of the press’. The analysis opens up fascinating insights, afforded by careful reading of primary archival sources, into the reactions of censors confronted with manuscripts by authors seeking permission to publish. Tortarolo sets the opinions on censorship of well-known writers, including Voltaire and Montesquieu, alongside the commentary of anonymous censors, allowing us to revisit some common views of eighteenth-century history. How far did these writers, their reasoning stiffened by Enlightenment values, promote dissident views of absolutist monarchies in Europe, and what insights did governments gain from censors’ reports into the social tensions brewing under their rule? These questions will excite dedicated researchers, graduate students, and discerning lay readers alike.
Book Synopsis The Huguenots of Paris and the Coming of Religious Freedom, 1685–1789 by : David Garrioch
Download or read book The Huguenots of Paris and the Coming of Religious Freedom, 1685–1789 written by David Garrioch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-13 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did the Huguenots of Paris survive, and even prosper, in the eighteenth century when the majority Catholic population was notorious for its hostility to Protestantism? Why, by the end of the Old Regime, did public opinion overwhelmingly favour giving Huguenots greater rights? This study of the growth of religious toleration in Paris traces the specific history of the Huguenots after Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685. David Garrioch identifies the roots of this transformation of attitudes towards the minority Huguenot population in their own methods of resistance to persecution and pragmatic government responses to it, as well as in the particular environment of Paris. Above all, this book identifies the extraordinary shift in Catholic religious culture that took place over the century as a significant cause of change, set against the backdrop of cultural and intellectual transformation that we call the Enlightenment.
Book Synopsis Kant and the Transformation of Natural History by : Andrew Cooper
Download or read book Kant and the Transformation of Natural History written by Andrew Cooper and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-09 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Andrew Cooper presents the first systematic study of Kant's account of natural history. Cooper contends that Kant made a decisive contribution to one of the most explosive and understudied revolutions in the history of science: the addition of time to the frame in which explanations are required, sought, and justified in natural science. Through addressing a wide range of Kant's works, Cooper challenges the claim that Kant's theory of science denies a developmental conception of nature and argues instead that it establishes a method by which natural historians can genuinely dispute historical claims and potentially come to consensus. This method, Cooper argues, can be used to expose serious flaws in Kant's own historical reasoning, including the formation and defence of his racist views. The book will be valuable to philosophers seeking to discern both the power and limitations of Kant's theory of science, and to historians of science working on the fractured landscape of eighteenth-century Newtonianism.
Download or read book Critical Monks written by Thomas Wallnig and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-01-07 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Critical Monks Wallnig offers a new, contextualized interpretation of German Benedictine scholarship around 1700.
Book Synopsis Rethinking Period Boundaries by : Lucian George
Download or read book Rethinking Period Boundaries written by Lucian George and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-03-21 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Periodisation is an ever-present feature of the grammar of history-writing. As with all grammatical rules, the order it imposes can both liberate and stifle. Though few historians would consider their period boundaries as anything more than useful guidelines, heuristic artifice all too easily congeals into immovable structure, blinkering the historical gaze. Researchers of literature are, of course, challenged by similar dilemmas. Here, too, the neatness of periodisation can obscure the cultural output of awkward individuals that do not fit the right chronological corset, whilst also creating unfounded expectations of shared experience and expression. Rather than discard periodisation altogether, in this cross-disciplinary volume an international group of historians and literary scholars presents different ways in which accepted period boundaries in modern European history can be challenged and rethought. To do so, they explore unnoticed continuities, and instances of delayed cultural transfer that defy easy periodisation; adopt the perspective of social groups that standard periodisation schemes have ignored; and consider how historical actors themselves divide up history and how this can affect their actions.
Book Synopsis The Collapse of Mechanism and the Rise of Sensibility by : Stephen Gaukroger
Download or read book The Collapse of Mechanism and the Rise of Sensibility written by Stephen Gaukroger and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the emergence of a scientific culture - one in which cognitive values generally are modelled on, or subordinated to, scientific ones - is one of the foremost historical and philosophical problems with which we are now confronted. The significance of the emergence of such scientific values lies above all in their ability to provide the criteria by which we come to appraise cognitive enquiry, and which shape our understanding of what it can achieve. The period between the 1680s and the middle of the eighteenth century is a very distinctive one in this development. It is then that we witness the emergence of the idea that scientific values form a model for all cognitive claims. It is also at this time that science explicitly goes beyond technical expertise and begins to articulate a world-view designed to displace others, whether humanist or Christian. But what occurred took place in a peculiar and overdetermined fashion, and the outcome in the mid-eighteenth century was not the triumph of 'reason', as has commonly been supposed, but rather a simultaneous elevation of the standing of science and the beginnings of a serious questioning of whether science offers a comprehensive form of understanding. The Collapse of Mechanism and the Rise of Sensibility is the sequel to Stephen Gaukroger's acclaimed 2006 book The Emergence of a Scientific Culture. It offers a rich and fascinating picture of the development of intellectual culture in a period where understandings of the natural realm began to fragment.
