The Nasa Msfc Global Reference Atmospheric Model

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The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model: 1999 Version (GRAM-99)

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Author : Carl Gerald Justus
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)

Book Synopsis The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model: 1999 Version (GRAM-99) by : Carl Gerald Justus

Download or read book The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model: 1999 Version (GRAM-99) written by Carl Gerald Justus and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest version of Global Reference Atmospheric Model (GRAM-99) is presented and discussed. GRAM-99 uses either (binary) Global Upper Air Climatic Atlas (GUACA) or (ASCII) Global Gridded Upper Air Statistics (GGUAS) CD-ROM data sets, for 0-27 km altitudes. As with earlier versions, GRAM-99 provides complete geographical and altitude coverage for each month of the year. GRAM-99 uses a specially-developed data set, based on Middle Atmosphere Program (MAP) data, for 20-120 km altitudes, and NASA's 1999 version Marshall Engineering Thermosphere (MET-99) model for heights above 90 km. Fairing techniques assure smooth transition in overlap height ranges (2()%27 km and 9% 120km). GRAM-99 includes water vapor and 11 other atmospheric constituents (03, N20 CO, CH4, CO2, N2, 02, 0, A, He and H). A variable-scale perturbation model provides both large-scale (wave) and small-scale (stochastic) deviations from mean values for thermodynamic variables and horizontal and vertical wind components. The small-scale perturbation model includes improvements in representing intermittency ("patchiness"). A major new feature is an option to substitute Range Reference Atmosphere (RRA) data for conventional GRAM climatology when a trajectory passes sufficiently near any RRA site. A complete user's guide for running the program, plus sample input and output, is provided. An example is provided for how to incorporate GRAM-99 as subroutines in other programs (e.g., trajectory codes).

The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model--1995 Version (GRAM-95)

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)

Book Synopsis The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model--1995 Version (GRAM-95) by :

Download or read book The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model--1995 Version (GRAM-95) written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Nasa/Msfc Global Reference Atmospheric Model

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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781722825768
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (257 download)

Book Synopsis The Nasa/Msfc Global Reference Atmospheric Model by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Download or read book The Nasa/Msfc Global Reference Atmospheric Model written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A technical description of the NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model 1990 version (GRAM-90) is presented with emphasis on the additions and new user's manual descriptions of the program operation aspects of the revised model. Some sample results for the new middle atmosphere section and comparisons with results from a three dimensional circulation model are provided. A programmer's manual with more details for those wishing to make their own GRAM program adaptations is also presented. Justus, C. G. and Alyea, F. N. and Cunnold, D. M. and Jeffries, W. R., III and Johnson, D. L. Marshall Space Flight Center...

The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model

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Author : C. G. Justus
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

Book Synopsis The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model by : C. G. Justus

Download or read book The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model written by C. G. Justus and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Nasa/Msfc Global Reference Atmospheric Model: 1999 Version (Gram-99)

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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781723987199
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (871 download)

Book Synopsis The Nasa/Msfc Global Reference Atmospheric Model: 1999 Version (Gram-99) by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa

Download or read book The Nasa/Msfc Global Reference Atmospheric Model: 1999 Version (Gram-99) written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-24 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest version of Global Reference Atmospheric Model (GRAM-99) is presented and discussed. GRAM-99 uses either (binary) Global Upper Air Climatic Atlas (GUACA) or (ASCII) Global Gridded Upper Air Statistics (GGUAS) CD-ROM data sets, for 0-27 km altitudes. As with earlier versions, GRAM-99 provides complete geographical and altitude coverage for each month of the year. GRAM-99 uses a specially-developed data set, based on Middle Atmosphere Program (MAP) data, for 20-120 km altitudes, and NASA's 1999 version Marshall Engineering Thermosphere (MET-99) model for heights above 90 km. Fairing techniques assure smooth transition in overlap height ranges (20-27 km and 90-120 km). GRAM-99 includes water vapor and 11 other atmospheric constituents (O3, N2O, CO, CH4, CO2, N2, O2, O, A, He and H). A variable-scale perturbation model provides both large-scale (wave) and small-scale (stochastic) deviations from mean values for thermodynamic variables and horizontal and vertical wind components. The small-scale perturbation model includes improvements in representing intermittency ("patchiness"). A major new feature is an option to substitute Range Reference Atmosphere (RRA) data for conventional GRAM climatology when a trajectory passes sufficiently near any RRA site. A complete user's guide for running the program, plus sample input and output, is provided. An example is provided for how to incorporate GRAM-99 as subroutines in other programs (e.g., trajectory codes).Justus, C. G. and Johnson, D. L.Marshall Space Flight CenterREFERENCE ATMOSPHERES; CLIMATOLOGY; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC DENSITY; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; STOCHASTIC PROCESSES; SUBROUTINES; THERMODYNAMICS; THERMOSPHERE

The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model--1990 Version (GRAM-90).

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

Book Synopsis The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model--1990 Version (GRAM-90). by :

Download or read book The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model--1990 Version (GRAM-90). written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model--1990 Version (GRAM-90)

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Author : Carl Gerald Justus
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 920 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (126 download)

Book Synopsis The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model--1990 Version (GRAM-90) by : Carl Gerald Justus

Download or read book The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model--1990 Version (GRAM-90) written by Carl Gerald Justus and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Nasa/Msfc Global Reference Atmospheric Model-1995 Version (Gram-95)

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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781731326010
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (26 download)

Book Synopsis The Nasa/Msfc Global Reference Atmospheric Model-1995 Version (Gram-95) by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa

Download or read book The Nasa/Msfc Global Reference Atmospheric Model-1995 Version (Gram-95) written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest version of the Global Reference Atmospheric Model (GRAM-95) is presented and discussed. GRAM-95 uses the new Global Upper Air Climatic Atlas (GUACA) CD-ROM data set, for 0- to 27-km altitudes. As with earlier versions, GRAM-95 provides complete geographical and altitude coverage for each month of the year. Individual years 1985 to 1991 and a period-of-record (1980 to 1991) can be simulated for the GUACA height range. GRAM-95 uses a specially developed data set, based on Middle Atmosphere Program (MAP) data, for the 20- to 120-km height range, and the NASA Marshall Engineering Thermosphere (MET) model for heights above 90 km. Fairing techniques assure a smooth transition in the overlap height ranges (20 to 27 km and 90 to 120 km). In addition to the traditional GRAM variables of pressure, density, temperature and wind components, GRAM-95 now includes water vapor and 11 other atmospheric constituents (O3, N2O, CO, CH4, CO2, N2, O2, O, A, He, and H). A new, variable-scale perturbation model provides both large-scale and small-scale deviations from mean values for the thermodynamic variables and horizontal and vertical wind components. The perturbation model includes new features that simulate intermittency (patchiness) in turbulence and small-scale perturbation fields. The density perturbations and density gradients (density shears) computed by the new model compare favorably in their statistical characteristics with observed density perturbations and density shears from 32 space shuttle reentry profiles. GRAM-95 provides considerable improvement in wind estimates from the new GUACA data set, compared to winds calculated from the geostrophic wind relations previously used in the 0- to 25-km height range. The GRAM-95 code has been put into a more modular form, easier to incorporate as subroutines in other programs (e.g., trajectory codes). A complete user's guide for running the program, plus sample input and output, is provided. Justus, C. G. and Jeffries, W...

The MSFC/J70 Orbital Atmosphere Model and the Data Bases for the MSFC Solar Activity Prediction Technique

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Author : Dale L. Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)

Book Synopsis The MSFC/J70 Orbital Atmosphere Model and the Data Bases for the MSFC Solar Activity Prediction Technique by : Dale L. Johnson

Download or read book The MSFC/J70 Orbital Atmosphere Model and the Data Bases for the MSFC Solar Activity Prediction Technique written by Dale L. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model 2001 Version (Mars-GRAM 2001): Users Guide

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Author : Carl Gerald Justus
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)

Book Synopsis Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model 2001 Version (Mars-GRAM 2001): Users Guide by : Carl Gerald Justus

Download or read book Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model 2001 Version (Mars-GRAM 2001): Users Guide written by Carl Gerald Justus and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

NASA Technical Memorandum

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1176 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

Book Synopsis NASA Technical Memorandum by :

Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Manned Spacecraft Design Principles

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Author : Pasquale M. Sforza
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0124199763
Total Pages : 649 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)

Book Synopsis Manned Spacecraft Design Principles by : Pasquale M. Sforza

Download or read book Manned Spacecraft Design Principles written by Pasquale M. Sforza and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-11-13 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manned Spacecraft Design Principles presents readers with a brief, to-the-point primer that includes a detailed introduction to the information required at the preliminary design stage of a manned space transportation system. In the process of developing the preliminary design, the book covers content not often discussed in a standard aerospace curriculum, including atmospheric entry dynamics, space launch dynamics, hypersonic flow fields, hypersonic heat transfer, and skin friction, along with the economic aspects of space flight. Key concepts relating to human factors and crew support systems are also included, providing users with a comprehensive guide on how to make informed choices from an array of competing options. The text can be used in conjunction with Pasquale Sforza's, Commercial Aircraft Design Principles to form a complete course in Aircraft/Spacecraft Design. - Presents a brief, to-the-point primer that includes a detailed introduction to the information required at the preliminary design stage of a manned space transportation system - Involves the reader in the preliminary design of a modern manned spacecraft and associated launch vehicle - Includes key concepts relating to human factors and crew support systems - Contains standard, empirical, and classical methods in support of the design process - Culminates in the preparation of a professional quality design report

Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Climate

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Author : Gottfried Kirchengast
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662090414
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

Book Synopsis Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Climate by : Gottfried Kirchengast

Download or read book Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Climate written by Gottfried Kirchengast and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use of occultation methodology for observing the Earth's atmosphere and climate has become so broad as to comprise solar, lunar, stellar, navigation and satellite crosslink occultation methods. The atmospheric parameters obtained extend from the fundamental variables temperature, density, pressure, water vapor, and ozone via a multitude of trace gas species to particulate species such as aerosols and cloud liquid water. Ionospheric electron density is sensed as well. The methods all share the key properties of self-calibration, high accuracy and vertical resolution, global coverage, and (if using radio signals) all-weather capability. Occultation data are thus of high value in a wide range of fields including climate monitoring and research, atmospheric physics and chemistry, operational meteorology, and other fields such as space weather and planetary science. This wide area of variants and uses of the occultation method has led to a diversi fication of the occultation-related scientific community into a range of different sub-communities, however. The 1st International Workshop on Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Cli mate-OPAC-1- held September 16-20, 2002, in Graz, Austria, has set in ex actly at this point. OPAC-1 aimed at providing a casual forum and stimulating at mosphere fertilizing scientific discourse, co-operation initiatives, and mutual learning and support amongst members of all the different sub-communities. The workshop was attended by about 80 participants from 17 different countries who actively contributed to a scientific programme of high quality and to an excellent workshop atmosphere, which was judged by the participants to have fully met the aims expressed.

U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976

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Author : United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

Book Synopsis U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 by : United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Download or read book U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 written by United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Models of the Near-space Geophysical Environment

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Download or read book Models of the Near-space Geophysical Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides descriptions of environmental models used in the near-earth environment for the analysis of earth-based and satellite data. Included are models of the ionosphere, atmosphere, radiation belt, Earth's magnetic field, and orbital prediction. These models are used at PL for a variety of purposes, in particular, for the analysis of experimental data obtained from ground based instruments and, where applicable, instruments carried on balloons, rockets, and satellites. Some of the models described here were developed at PL based upon such measurements. For many of the models described here, computer output is provided together with estimates of computer (CPU) times required to generate such output. The computer codes (subroutines) for these models are frequently incorporated into programs used for data analysis and reduction, as well as mission planning. It is hoped that this report will serve as a useful reference for planning such future missions.

Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1308 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)

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Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 1308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: