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The Future Of Gas Pricing In Long Term Contracts In Central Eastern Europe
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Book Synopsis Gas Price Policies in Central and Eastern Europe by : United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe
Download or read book Gas Price Policies in Central and Eastern Europe written by United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Future of the Natural Gas Market in Southeast Europe by : Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
Download or read book The Future of the Natural Gas Market in Southeast Europe written by Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-07-20 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was to analyze the future role of natural gas in the energy mix of countries of South East Europe. The study further identifies regional, cross-border and country-specific gas infrastructure projects that are economically, financially and technically sound. The study also analyses, and makes proposals for, the institutional and policy issues relating to funding and implementing gas infrastructure projects. The study examines sources of gas supply from Russia, the Caspian region and other current and prospective producer countries through Turkey and other transit routes (including LNG) and assesses costs of supply and gasification prospects in nine gas markets in the South East Europe region: Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Kosovo Macedonia Montenegro Romania Serbia These markets are all signatories of the Athens Memoranda of 2002 and 2003, which commit the participants to regional cooperation in electricity and gas.
Book Synopsis Energy Security and Natural Gas Markets in Europe by : Tim Boersma
Download or read book Energy Security and Natural Gas Markets in Europe written by Tim Boersma and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moving beyond most conventional thinking about energy security in Europe which revolves around stability of supplies and the reliability of suppliers, this book presents the history of European policy-making regarding energy resources, including recent controversies about shale gas and fracking. Using the United States as a benchmark, the author tests the hypothesis that EU energy security is at risk primarily because of a lack of market integration and cooperation between member states. This lack of integration still prohibits natural gas to flow freely throughout the continent, which makes parts of Europe vulnerable in case of supply disruptions. The book demonstrates that the EU gas market has been developing at different speeds, leaving the Northwest of the continent reasonably well integrated, with sufficient trade and liquidity and different supplies, whereas other parts are less developed. In these parts of Europe there is a structural lack of investments in infrastructure, interconnectors, reverse flow options and storage facilities. Thus, even though substantial progress has been made in parts of the EU, single source dependency often prevails, leaving the relevant member states vulnerable to market power abuse. Detailed comparisons are made of the situations in the Netherlands and Poland, and of energy policy in the USA. The book dismantles some of the existing assumptions about the concept of energy security, and touches upon the level of rhetoric that features in most energy security and policy debates in Europe.
Book Synopsis The Pricing of Internationally Traded Gas by : Jonathan Stern
Download or read book The Pricing of Internationally Traded Gas written by Jonathan Stern and published by Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. This book was released on 2012-11-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume on the pricing of gas in international trade. Gas accounts for around 25% of global energy demand and international gas trade is growing rapidly. The book covers the development of international gas pricing in all regions of the world where gas is traded, and considers whether gas could become a global market.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Energy Governance in Europe and Russia by : C. Kuzemko
Download or read book Dynamics of Energy Governance in Europe and Russia written by C. Kuzemko and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-03-02 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy in Europe and Russia is in flux. This book presents a rich set of case studies for analyzing the complex and intertwined regional dynamics of multiple actors, levels, and policy fields in energy throughout Europe and Russia, with the aim of offering an alternative view to the prevalent geopolitical or neoliberal approaches.
Book Synopsis Research Handbook on EU Competition Law and the Energy Transition by : Leigh Hancher
Download or read book Research Handbook on EU Competition Law and the Energy Transition written by Leigh Hancher and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-10-03 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Research Handbook on EU Competition Law and the Energy Transition comprehensively analyses key topics in the field, covering both traditional and emerging antitrust, state aid, and policy issues related to energy transformation, increased sustainability goals and the functioning of European energy markets.
Book Synopsis The Future of Russian Gas and Gazprom by : Jonathan P. Stern
Download or read book The Future of Russian Gas and Gazprom written by Jonathan P. Stern and published by Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. This book was released on 2005 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Russian gas industry provides 50% of Russian domestic energy supplies, a substantial proportion of CIS gas supplies, and around 20% of European gas demand. Declines in production at existing fields mean that Gazprom will face increasingly difficult decisions about moving to higher cost fields on the Yamal Peninsula. The alternative will be increasing imports from Central Asian countries and allowing other Russian gas producers to increase their role in the industry. Russian exports to Europe will gradually increase and deliveries of Russian LNG will commence to Asia and the both coasts of North America. Pipeline gas deliveries to East Asian countries may have a longer time horizon. Export projects aimed at new markets will depend crucially on the maintenance of (oil and) gas prices at the levels of 2003-05. European exports will also depend on the pace of EU market liberalisation and Gazprom's ability to agree mutually acceptable terms for transit, principally with Ukraine and Belarus. Reform, liberalisation and restructuring of the Russian gas industry have been more substantial than has generally been recognised. Most important has been price reform which, in 2005, allowed Russian industrial customers to become profitable to serve at regulated prices. Price increases may significantly reduce future increases in domestic gas demand. The increasing need for production from companies other than Gazprom will ensure that liberalised access to networks expands considerably over the next decade. In the 2000s, Gazprom reclaimed its CIS gas business from intermediaries, while maintaining its de facto monopoly of exports to Europe and establishing a similar degree of authority over future exports to Asia. The merger of Gazprom and Rosneft will provide the potential to become a force in the domestic and international oil markets, particularly given the authority that the president has conferred on the company in terms of Russian energy policy.
Book Synopsis Pipeline Politics and Natural Gas Supply from Azerbaijan to Europe by : Sevinj Amirova‐Mammadova
Download or read book Pipeline Politics and Natural Gas Supply from Azerbaijan to Europe written by Sevinj Amirova‐Mammadova and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-16 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sevinj Amirova-Mammadova explores pipeline dynamics and natural gas supply within the southern gas corridor and provides an analysis of how policy interests and decisions of the state actors affect the current energy politics in the Caspian region. The research period covers the second stage of the Caspian energy development determined by the production and export of natural gas to the European markets. The focal point of the policy analysis lies on the competition among the different pipeline projects, namely NABUCCO, ITGI, TAP, SEEP, and the decision‐making process of the export route selection. Energy interests of Turkey, Russia, and Azerbaijan elaborated in the research explain how and why certain decisions have been made by these major regional actors.
Book Synopsis The Adaptation of Long-Term Gas Sale Agreements by Arbitrators by : Pietro Ferrario
Download or read book The Adaptation of Long-Term Gas Sale Agreements by Arbitrators written by Pietro Ferrario and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2017-04-15 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International commercial gas sale agreements are often characterised by a duration of twenty years or more. Consequently, when unforeseen events alter market conditions the contractual equilibrium originally found by the parties is disrupted, giving rise to the necessity to renegotiate and adapt the agreement. If negotiation fails, the parties in most cases submit the matter to arbitration. This comprehensive analysis of what can happen under such circumstances proceeds from an in-depth consideration of the power of arbitrators to intervene on the agreement in the light of arbitrability and procedural law. The author fully explains the complex special nature of gas pricing and contract clauses, and takes into account such features as the following, especially in the wake of the 2009 crisis as it affected the gas sector: - take or pay clauses; - mechanisms for gas price calculation; - price review and price re-opener clauses; - hardship provisions; - problems arising from the absence of a specific clause providing for adaptation/adjustment; - effect on contracts of the emergence and development of spot or traded gas markets; and - trend toward introducing spot-market elements into an oil-indexed price formula. The analysis draws on interviews with lawyers and arbitrators who have been involved in recent proceedings regarding gas sale contract adaptations, and also considers court decisions issued in setting aside or enforcing arbitration awards handed down in energy disputes. A central discussion throughout this book is the possible responses to the question of whether it is possible to determine a principle of law justifying the arbitrator’s power to intervene in contract adaptation. All professionals involved in the production, wholesaling, or distribution of gas will find this book indispensable. It will also be of special value to practitioners, policymakers, and regulators in the fields of energy law and environmental law.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Europe and Eurasia Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :84 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis European and Eurasian Energy by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Europe and Eurasia
Download or read book European and Eurasian Energy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Europe and Eurasia and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Gas Troika on the European Gas Market by : Fatemeh Shayan
Download or read book The Gas Troika on the European Gas Market written by Fatemeh Shayan and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-03-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gas Troika on the European Gas Market assesses the energy policy of the Gas Troika Organization (GTO) as an entity and its members, Russia, Iran and Qatar, operating in the European gas market (EGM) between 2008 and 2015. The book focuses on their interests, policies and frameworks, and the enabling and constraining factors they encounter in the European market. The energy policies of the GTO members are discussed in the context of extraction and distribution of natural gas, its export to the European countries and the environmental side-effects of these contracts. The important questions examined in this pioneering study are: How do the GTO members develop their interests and energy policies in the European environment? How do the common interests and policies of the GTO members explain the framework of the organization in the EGM? How is this organization perceived and assessed as a semi-coherent regional entity? The book applies a social structuration theoretical framework with respect to geographical resources, economy, international relations and environmental dimensions to provide a multi-disciplinary assessment. Researchers in energy economics and political sciences, as well as energy analysts and consultants will find this book to be extremely beneficial.
Book Synopsis Vertical Natural Gas Transportation Capacity, Upstream Commodity Contracts, and EU Competition Law by : Kim Talus
Download or read book Vertical Natural Gas Transportation Capacity, Upstream Commodity Contracts, and EU Competition Law written by Kim Talus and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because the EU depends on a very small number of external suppliers for its natural gas, energy security issues inevitably arise. In theory, competition law should regulate and adjudicate such issues. Yet, because contracts between EU companies and producers are highly sensitive and politically charged, the application of EU competition law to natural gas contracts is far from clear. This important book, drawing on ECJ case law, Commission administrative cases and inquiries, and the full range of relevant legal and economic theory, provides an extremely valuable and detailed study of how EU competition law can be applied to long-term natural gas capacity reservation and commodity contracts. Issues and topics such as the following arise in the course of the analysis: Third Gas Market Directive provisions; Article 102 TFEU cases on strategic under-investment; pre-liberation or "legacy" gas contracts (e.g., with Algeria and Russia); "right of first refusal"; take-or-pay requirement; third-party access; ownership unbundling; effect of elimination of priority access regimes; short-term trading; spot markets; and law and economics of vertical restraints. Focusing on the foreclosing effect of long-term upstream commodity contracts, the author recommends restrictions on the use of capacity reservation contracts, and analyses the efficacy of security of supply as a competition law defence in cases relating to such contracts.
Book Synopsis EU Energy Law and Policy by : Kim Talus
Download or read book EU Energy Law and Policy written by Kim Talus and published by . This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a critical examination of EU energy law and policy in its wider context, this book takes into account international energy markets and international energy policies, the economics of energy market regulation, geopolitical aspects of energy policy, and international developments that affect EU energy policy.
Book Synopsis Foundations of Natural Gas Price Formation by : Sergei Komlev
Download or read book Foundations of Natural Gas Price Formation written by Sergei Komlev and published by Anthem Press. This book was released on 2020-09-25 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘Foundations of Natural Gas Price Formation’ examines the fundamentals of natural gas price formation and the five principal features that make it unique in the world of commodities. It presents a model of hybrid gas pricing developed by Sergei Komlev from his detailed analysis of the interlinked impact of these features that is presented as a corrective to potential market failure. Using mainstream economic theory, the book presents hybrid-pricing mechanisms not previously analyzed. Through a failure to understand the role of hybrid-pricing, boosters of spot pricing mechanisms through gas hubs are promoting an incorrect understanding of gas markets that will lead to market failure and to potential critical supply shortages in the near-term future. ‘Foundations of Natural Gas Price Formation’ defends the system of oil-indexed pricing as an accurate, market-based mechanism that has stood the test of time.
Book Synopsis Energy Transitions and the Future of Gas in the EU by : Gökҫe Mete
Download or read book Energy Transitions and the Future of Gas in the EU written by Gökҫe Mete and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-23 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the impact of energy transitions on the future of natural gas in the EU energy mix. As we approach 2050, the requirement to sharply decrease CO2 and other GHG emissions means that the role of gas infrastructure in the EU and beyond will change drastically. But what does such change mean? To address this question the author critically analyses the EU’s evolving natural gas market policy and law. Clearly structured throughout, the book explores the following questions: How can we maximise the potential of gas infrastructure to reduce carbon emissions? What are the lessons learned from decision making experience in the natural gas sector? Is the EU moving towards or away from a climate neutral gas sector? How will green and low carbon gas technologies be supported? And, are proposals to drive a growing share of hydrogen, biomethane, and synthetic methane to the system just an excuse to prolong fossil fuel operations? The book explores whether the EU will continue to subsidy natural gas projects or decarbonise the gas grid before 2050, and at what cost. Recommendations are proposed for a new regulatory and policy framework for development and operation of hydrogen pipelines, injection of biomethane into the existing gas grid and for pipelines carrying CO2. Filling an important gap in the literature, this book aims to develop an understanding of and clarify the complex range of legislation involved within a single analytical framework. Although the focus is mainly on the future of gas in the EU, the findings and recommendations are relevant for a much wider geography. This book will be an invaluable reference to policy makers and practitioners as well as researchers and students across the social sciences interested in the future of energy.
Book Synopsis Held Captive by Gas by : Joshua Posaner
Download or read book Held Captive by Gas written by Joshua Posaner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas makes or breaks economies, as shown by the effects of the 2009 Ukraine/Russia gas supply crisis. Joshua Posaner looks at four case study countries in Central and Eastern Europe. He examines the interdependence between the domestic political structure of a gas import-dependent country and the price it paid for imports up to 2014, using the level of reliance on the dominant supplier as an indicator. The more dependent a country is on a single supplier, the more it pays for its supplies. The author aims to explain why capitals prioritize energy security and balance their import portfolios differently, while taking a new angle on the European gas system. He offers a timely investigation into an oft-reported subject, with Russia’s perceived “energy weapon” and themes of “energy dependence” weighing heavily on European political discourse.
Book Synopsis Russia, China and the Geopolitics of Energy in Central Asia by : Alexandros Petersen
Download or read book Russia, China and the Geopolitics of Energy in Central Asia written by Alexandros Petersen and published by Centre for European Reform. This book was released on 2011 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russia is the world's biggest hydrocarbon producer. China is one of the world's largest and fastest-growing energy markets. The two are neighbours. Yet their energy relationship is very thin. Instead, they compete for vast and largely unexplored Central Asian resources. As Kazakh oil and Turkmen gas start flowing to China, Russia's traditional dominance in the region is diminishing. However, the Central Asian states are not passive pawns in a new 'great game'. The EU and the US can help these countries to turn the new energy geopolitics to their advantage.
