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The Flexner Report
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Book Synopsis Medical Education in the United States and Canada by : Abraham Flexner
Download or read book Medical Education in the United States and Canada written by Abraham Flexner and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A landmark work which precipitated major reforms in medical education. It recommended closing commercial schools and reducing the overall number of medical schools from 155 to 31, with the aim of raising standards. Includes frank evaluative sketches of each school based on site visits by the author.
Book Synopsis Questioning the Premedical Paradigm by : Donald A. Barr
Download or read book Questioning the Premedical Paradigm written by Donald A. Barr and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2010-04-05 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book raises fundamental questions about the propriety of continuing to use a premedical curriculum developed more than a century ago to select students for training as future physicians for the twenty-first century. In it, Dr. Donald A. Barr examines the historical origins, evolution, and current state of premedical education in the United States. One hundred years ago, Abraham Flexner's report on Medical Education in the United States and Canada helped establish the modern paradigm of premedical and medical education. Barr’s research finds the system of premedical education that evolved to be a poor predictor of subsequent clinical competency and professional excellence, while simultaneously discouraging many students from underrepresented minority groups or economically disadvantaged backgrounds from pursuing a career as a physician. Analyzing more than fifty years of research, Barr shows that many of the best prospects are not being admitted to medical schools, with long-term adverse consequences for the U.S. medical profession. The root of the problem, Barr argues, is the premedical curriculum—which overemphasizes biology, chemistry, and physics by teaching them as separate, discrete subjects. In proposing a fundamental restructuring of premedical education, Barr makes the case for parallel tracks of undergraduate science education: one that would largely retain the current system; and a second that would integrate the life sciences in a problem-based, collaborative learning pedagogy. Barr argues that the new, integrated curriculum will encourage greater educational and social diversity among premedical candidates without weakening the quality of the education. He includes an evaluative research framework to judge the outcome of such a restructured system. This historical and cultural analysis of premedical education in the United States is the crucial first step in questioning the appropriateness of continuing a hundred-year-old, empirically dubious pedagogical model for the twenty-first century.
Book Synopsis Educating Physicians by : Molly Cooke
Download or read book Educating Physicians written by Molly Cooke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-05-05 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PRAISE FOR EDUCATING PHYSICIANS "Educating Physicians provides a masterful analysis of undergraduate and graduate medical education in the United States today. It represents a major educational document, based firmly on educational psychology, learning theory, empirical studies, and careful personal observations of many individual programs. It also recognizes the importance of financing, regulation, and institutional culture on the learning environment, which suffuses its recommendations for reform with cogency and power. Most important, like Abraham Flexner's classic study a century ago, the report recognizes that medical education and practice, at their core, are profoundly moral enterprises. This is a landmark volume that merits attention from anyone even peripherally involved with medical education." —Kenneth M. Ludmerer, author, Time to Heal: American Medical Education from the Turn of the Century to the Era of Managed Care "This is a very important book that comes at a critical time in our nation's history. We will not have enduring health care reform in this country unless we rethink our medical education paradigms. This book is a call to arms for doing just that." —George E. Thibault, president, Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation "The authors provide us with the evidence-based model for physician education with associated changes in infrastructure, policy, and our roles as educators. Whether you agree or not with their conclusions, if you are a teacher this book is a must-read as it will frame both what and how we discuss medical education throughout the current century." —Deborah Simpson, associate dean for educational support and evaluation, Medical College of Wisconsin "A provocative book that provides us with a creative vision for medical education. Using in-depth case studies of innovative educational practices illustrating what is actually possible, the authors provide sage advice for transforming medical education on the basis of learning theories and educational research." —Judith L. Bowen, professor of medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
Book Synopsis The Flexner Report by : Abraham Flexner
Download or read book The Flexner Report written by Abraham Flexner and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 1910-01-04 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The improvement of medical education cannot therefore be resisted on the ground that it will destroy schools and restrict output: that is precisely what is needed." -Abraham Flexner, The Flexner Report (1910) The Flexner Report-Medical Education in the United States and Canada (1910) by Abraham Flexner is the foundation for medical education today. The report was developed to investigate American medical schools and provide standards for them since few guidelines were in place in the early twentieth century. The American Medical Association contracted with the Carnegie Foundation to conduct the study and chose an educator, Flexner, as its leader. The author personally visited over 150 medical institutions and, in some cases, harshly described the conditions which consequently forced the closure of numerous schools. This book-length report is an intriguing read for anyone curious about the foundations of medical education.
Book Synopsis The American College by : Abraham Flexner
Download or read book The American College written by Abraham Flexner and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Iconoclast: Abraham Flexner and a Life in Learning by : Thomas Neville Bonner
Download or read book Iconoclast: Abraham Flexner and a Life in Learning written by Thomas Neville Bonner and published by Plunkett Lake Press. This book was released on 2019-08-16 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abraham Flexner (1866-1959), raised in Louisville, Kentucky in a family of poor Jewish immigrants from Germany, attended the Johns Hopkins University in the first decade of its existence. After graduating in 1886, he founded, four years before John Dewey’s Chicago “laboratory school,” a progressive experimental school in Louisville that won the attention of Harvard President Charles W. Eliot. After a successful nineteen years as teacher and principal, he turned his attention to medical education on behalf of the Carnegie Foundation. His 1910 survey — known as the Flexner Report — stimulated much-needed, radical changes in American medical schools. With its emphasis on full-time clinical teaching, it remains the most widely cited document on how doctors best learn their profession. Flexner’s subsequent projects — a book on medical education in Europe and a comparative study of medical education in Europe and America — remain unsurpassed in range and insight. For fifteen years a senior officer in the Rockefeller-supported General Education Board in New York City, he helped distribute grants — more than 6 billion in today’s dollars — for education in medicine and other subjects and started the Lincoln School in 1917. His devastating critique of American higher education (“Intellectual inquiry, not job training, [is] the purpose of the university.”) raised important questions, upsetting many educators. In 1930, Flexner created and led the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, convincing Albert Einstein to accept the first appointment at the new institute. “Iconoclast is a thoughtful, wonderfully crafted, solidly researched account of an uncommon life that far exceeds Abraham Flexner’s association with reform in medical education... Bonner’s labors have produced a critical, insightful portrait of Flexner as a brilliant, tireless, extraordinarily persuasive visionary. In addition to detailed portraits of the man ‘at the vortex of swiftly moving scientific, educational, and philanthropic currents’ in higher education in the United States, Bonner also provides an account of Flexner’s personal life... Iconoclast offers a learned portrait of the distance traveled in medical education during the past 100 years, along with consideration of the curricular and pedagogical problems that persist.” — Delese Wear, New England Journal of Medicine “Bonner’s great achievement in this scholarly and captivating book is to model Flexner’s critical appraisal skills in writing about him. Even Flexner himself lacked critical awareness in his autobiography... Bonner, on the other hand, offers a gentle and thoughtful appraisal. The elements that contribute to Flexner’s greatness — perseverance, vision, clear thinking, and fair mindedness — are all balanced with his weaknesses — an obstinate unwillingness to retract and clouded political insight... Bonner dissects Flexner’s contribution with meticulous scholarship, avoiding all cheap adulation or debunking. This is an outstanding book.” — Ed Peile, British Medical Journal “The book offers historical insights about philanthropy, educational reform, and institutional governance and decision making... In Bonner’s capable hands, Flexner emerges an interesting figure whose successes are combined with contradictions and shortcomings.” — Amy E. Wells, Academe “An outstanding and thorough study of this remarkable American educator who, more than anyone before or since, defined what a medical school should be, left indelible marks on public education, and founded one of the most innovative centers of advanced study in the world. Bonner adroitly portrays in this masterful biography what America and the world owes to Flexner for his vision, creativity, tenacity, and advocacy of progressive education.” — John S. Haller, Jr., Journal of American History “Few nonphysicians have had as profound and long-lasting an effect on modern American medicine as Abraham Flexner... An excellent book about a highly significant and neglected figure.” — Janet A. Tighe, Ph.D., JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) “Not only fills a major void but also provides an important evaluation of an individual whose contributions to education and a variety of social problems have generally been overlooked... Bonner’s biography restores Flexner to the position of importance that he merits... This biography is a major addition to American historiography.” — Gerald N. Grob, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences “Excellent... Deeply researched, carefully presented... This thorough, creative biography adjusts our view of this powerful man so engaged in an astounding array of twentieth-century educational developments.” — Linda Eisenmann, H-Net “Thanks to Thomas Bonner’s Iconoclast, we finally have the biography Flexner deserves and readers seek.” — John R. Thelin, Journal of Higher Education “If you want to know why more than half of the Nobel Prizes in medicine and science since 1945 have gone to Americans, you must read Thomas Bonner’s book. Abraham Flexner was the architect of a revolution in medical education in the United States that explains how this country became the medical mecca of the world. Bonner brings Flexner’s remarkable story to life with clarity, sympathy, and verve.” — James H. Jones, author of Bad Blood and Alfred C. Kinsey: A Public/Private Life “At last we have a life of one of the most powerful shapers of medicine, science, and higher education. This beautifully crafted life of Flexner will rescue a giant of his times from fragmentation and, sometimes, misunderstanding. Bonner has written not only a very important book but a deeply thoughtful and searching interrogation of recurrent social and moral problems that take on life and meaning in a concrete, historical setting.” — John C. Burnham, Ohio State University “Abraham Flexner was one of the great innovators in education of the twentieth-century. Thomas N. Bonner, a distinguished historian as well as an educator/manager, is the biographer Flexner deserves.” — Daniel M. Fox, President, Milbank Memorial Fund, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine “This biography is a solid, well-researched study of a towering figure in American biomedical research.” — Darwin Stapleton, Rockefeller Archive Center “This is a brilliant, beautifully crafted, and much needed biography of one of the legendary figures in American medicine and higher education. Once again Thomas Bonner has shown that he is one of the great medical historians of our time.” —Kenneth M. Ludmerer, Washington University “Though [Abraham] Flexner wrote an autobiography, until now we have had no comprehensive biography. Fortunately, Thomas Bonner has filled that gap with Iconoclast. As a former university president with significant experience working with donors, Bonner is well qualified to understand his subject.” — Martin Morse Wooster,Philanthropy “As Thomas Bonner relates in his excellent biography, [Abraham] Flexner initiated several... significant developments in American secondary and higher education over some three-quarters of a century.“ — David Mitch, History of Education Quarterly “Iconoclast captures the boldness as well as the sweeping impact of Flexner’s work in the field of American education in the first half of the twentieth century.“ — Adam R. Nelson, Paedagogica Historica
Book Synopsis Rockefeller Medicine Men by : E. Richard Brown
Download or read book Rockefeller Medicine Men written by E. Richard Brown and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Social Transformation of American Medicine by : Paul Starr
Download or read book The Social Transformation of American Medicine written by Paul Starr and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 1983 Pulitzer Prize and the Bancroft Prize in American History, this is a landmark history of how the entire American health care system of doctors, hospitals, health plans, and government programs has evolved over the last two centuries. "The definitive social history of the medical profession in America....A monumental achievement."—H. Jack Geiger, M.D., New York Times Book Review
Book Synopsis The Homeopathic Revolution by : Dana Ullman
Download or read book The Homeopathic Revolution written by Dana Ullman and published by North Atlantic Books. This book was released on 2007-10-16 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do Mark Twain, David Beckham, Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Mother Teresa have in common? All have been enthusiastic fans of homeopathy, the alternative medical tradition that treats “like with like.” Homeopathy has an incredible history of support by many of the most respected people of the past 200 years, and modern science is finally catching up. In The Homeopathic Revolution, Dana Ullman blends vivid personal stories and quotes from these and other luminaries from a variety of eras and fields with a new definition of homeopathy as “nanopharmacology”–one that will help people, including skeptics, start to understand its value. After explaining why conventional medicine is inadequately scientific, why homeopathy makes sense and works, and why it is so threatening to conventional medicine and drug companies, Ullman lets legends like Coretta Scott King, Cindy Crawford, Bill Clinton, Vincent Van Gogh, and other practitioners weigh in on the subject. By writing about homeopathy’s heroes and telling their stories, Ullman is able to reference and describe important scientific studies in user-friendly language that verifies the value of this widely used but still misunderstood tradition.
Book Synopsis Follow the Money: Funding Research in a Large Academic Health Center by : Henry R. Bourne
Download or read book Follow the Money: Funding Research in a Large Academic Health Center written by Henry R. Bourne and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2016 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Threatened by sharp cuts in state government support and stagnant federal research funding, US public research universities are becoming fragile ecosystems. By charting flows of research dollars through a leading public research university-the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)-this book illuminates how such schools work to cope with these funding threats and how the challenges and coping strategies affect organization and direction of research. Academic leaders, faculty, administrators, and students will learn how a complex academic health center manages its revenues, expenses, and diverse academic cultures. For the first time, they can begin to understand arcane mysteries of indirect cost recovery, sponsored funds, capital investment, endowments, debt, and researchers' salaries.
Book Synopsis Medical Education by : Abraham Flexner
Download or read book Medical Education written by Abraham Flexner and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Usefulness of Useless Knowledge by : Abraham Flexner
Download or read book The Usefulness of Useless Knowledge written by Abraham Flexner and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-21 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A short, provocative book about why "useless" science often leads to humanity's greatest technological breakthroughs A forty-year tightening of funding for scientific research has meant that resources are increasingly directed toward applied or practical outcomes, with the intent of creating products of immediate value. In such a scenario, it makes sense to focus on the most identifiable and urgent problems, right? Actually, it doesn't. In his classic essay "The Usefulness of Useless Knowledge," Abraham Flexner, the founding director of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and the man who helped bring Albert Einstein to the United States, describes a great paradox of scientific research. The search for answers to deep questions, motivated solely by curiosity and without concern for applications, often leads not only to the greatest scientific discoveries but also to the most revolutionary technological breakthroughs. In short, no quantum mechanics, no computer chips. This brief book includes Flexner's timeless 1939 essay alongside a new companion essay by Robbert Dijkgraaf, the Institute's current director, in which he shows that Flexner's defense of the value of "the unobstructed pursuit of useless knowledge" may be even more relevant today than it was in the early twentieth century. Dijkgraaf describes how basic research has led to major transformations in the past century and explains why it is an essential precondition of innovation and the first step in social and cultural change. He makes the case that society can achieve deeper understanding and practical progress today and tomorrow only by truly valuing and substantially funding the curiosity-driven "pursuit of useless knowledge" in both the sciences and the humanities.
Download or read book Abraham Flexner written by Michael Nevins and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2010 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Abraham Flexner died in 1959 at age 92, a New York Times obituary declared, "no other American of his time contributed more to the welfare of his country and of humanity in general." Flexner's famous Report in 1910 and his subsequent work at the Rockefeller Foundation helped transform American medical education from crude to world leader. Later, as founding director of the Institute for Advanced Study he attracted Albert Einstein and other luminaries to Princeton. Notwithstanding these achievements, Flexner was hypercritical of others, often abrasive, and his self-assurance irritated many of his colleagues to his detriment. Moreover, he was an intellectual elitist who, like many of his generation, either denied or ignored certain moral hazards prevalent in America during his lifetime, including eugenics theory and institutional anti-Semitism. In this critical analysis, Dr. Nevins distinguishes between Flexner the progressive reformer and the humanly-flawed man himself.
Book Synopsis The Health Care Revolution by : Carl F. Ameringer
Download or read book The Health Care Revolution written by Carl F. Ameringer and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2008-04-09 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Along the way, he explores questions about the acquisition, control, and loss of political and economic power in a book that provides an essential perspective on the politics and law behind health policy in the United States."--BOOK JACKET.
Book Synopsis Medical Education in Europe by : Abraham Flexner
Download or read book Medical Education in Europe written by Abraham Flexner and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis Beyond Flexner by : Barbara M. Barzansky
Download or read book Beyond Flexner written by Barbara M. Barzansky and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1992-01-22 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, educators, historians, and social commentators accorded major responsibility for the reform of medical education in the United States to the Flexner Report of 1910. More recently, historians have begun to challenge the impact of the Report and the desirability of the changes attributed to it. This volume takes the themes articulated in the Report and traces their development. With each theme being discussed by a specialist in the subject area, the book provides a comprehensive review of medical education in the twentieth century. These themes, many of which have not been discussed in other books, include the basic sciences, the clinical curriculum, women in medicine, black medical education, and sectarian medical education. In addition, the volume includes chapters on the evolution of the health care delivery system, trends in financing medical education, the use of outpatient settings for clinical education, the current status of the medical curriculum and needed changes, and health manpower needs. The work concludes with a chapter discussing the current proposals for change and how they relate to the problems and reforms of the Flexner era. The work will be of interest to medical school administrators, policy makers, and faculty members as well as to practicing physicians.
Book Synopsis Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Psychiatry by : Philip R. Muskin
Download or read book Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Psychiatry written by Philip R. Muskin and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Psychiatry will start psychiatrists and other mental health professionals on the journey toward a more complete understanding of the most common CAM treatments in use today. The alternative therapies discussed in this book pre-date our own conventional treatments by hundreds and even thousands of years. These therapies have been "conventional" medicine for hundred of millions of people who have used them throughout the centuries, and people continue to use them today. One of the few texts that provides an academic and practical review of complementary and alternative medicine, the book is written from the perspective of clinicians who practice in both traditional and alternative medicine. The book covers the major areas in CAM, including herbal medicine and nutrients, acupuncture, meditative therapies, and yoga. It provides the most important and up-to-date scientific data along with controversies that exist in the field. With all of the chapters extensively referenced, the book will serve as a tremendous resource for those interested in exploring these areas in greater depth. As evidenced by the statistics, patients today are taking increasingly active roles in managing their health care. They are using CAM therapies in the medical setting along with or in place of conventional treatment. They are using them for promoting wellness; for chronic conditions which they feel do not respond well to conventional approaches; and for more serious illnesses, as evidenced by the large number of inquiries being sent to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine at the National Institutes of Health. Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Psychiatry contains a thorough review of problems that may be encountered by the physicians treating these patients, and it also serves as a guide in advising patients who are seeking out CAM therapies. This book will appeal to a wide audience of professionals including psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nonpsychiatric physicians, and residents by providing a guide for treatment with nutrients and botanical preparations and the foundation for the use of meditation, acupuncture and yoga along with traditional psychiatric treatment.
