The Development Of Social Essentialism

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The Development of Social Essentialism

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128200871
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis The Development of Social Essentialism by :

Download or read book The Development of Social Essentialism written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-19 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expecting a gentle baby tiger to inevitably grow up to be ferocious, a young girl growing up in a household of boys to prefer princesses to toy trucks, or that liberals and conservatives are fundamentally different kinds of people, all reflect a conceptual commitment to psychological essentialism. Psychological essentialism is a pervasive conceptual bias to think that some everyday categories reflect the real, underlying, natural structure of the world. Whereas essentialist thought can sometimes be useful, it is often problematic, particularly when people rely on essentialist thinking to understand groups of people, including those based on gender, race, ethnicity, or religion. This Volume will bring together diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives on how essentialist thinking about the social world develops in childhood and on the implications of these beliefs for children’s social behavior and intergroup relations more generally. This volume draws on diverse theoretical perspectives from psychology, philosophy, and linguistics, and empirical work from experiments with children and cross-cultural studies to provide a comprehensive view of how social essentialism develops. This volume addresses the link between cognition (essentialist beliefs) and social behavior, with implications for prejudice, morality, the justice system, and inter-group relations. By drawing on a diverse evidence base, this volume addresses how beliefs emerge from the interplay among children’s conceptual biases and their social experiences.

The Essential Child

Author : Susan A. Gelman
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195154061
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis The Essential Child by : Susan A. Gelman

Download or read book The Essential Child written by Susan A. Gelman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2003 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text synthesizes 15 years of empirical research on essentialism into a coherent framework, examining children's thinking and ways in which language influences thought. It shows that children do not come into the world as passive recipients of data.

Folkbiology

Author : Douglas L. Medin
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262631921
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Folkbiology by : Douglas L. Medin

Download or read book Folkbiology written by Douglas L. Medin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999-06-08 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term "folkbiology" refers to people's everyday understanding of the biological world—how they perceive, categorize, and reason about living kinds. The study of folkbiology not only sheds light on human nature, it may ultimately help us make the transition to a global economy without irreparably damaging the environment or destroying local cultures. This book takes an interdisciplinary approach, bringing together the work of researchers in anthropology, cognitive and developmental psychology, biology, and philosophy of science. The issues covered include: Are folk taxonomies a first-order approximation to classical scientific taxonomies, or are they driven more directly by utilitarian concerns? How are these category schemes linked to reasoning about natural kinds? Is there any nontrivial sense in which folk-taxonomic structures are universal? What impact does science have on folk taxonomy? Together, the chapters present the current foundations of folkbiology and indicate new directions in research. Contributors Scott Atran, Terry Kit-fong Au, Brent Berlin, K. David Bishop, John D. Coley, Jared Diamond, John Dupré, Roy Ellen, Susan A. Gelman, Michael T. Ghiselin, Grant Gutheil, Giyoo Hatano, Lawrence A. Hirschfeld, David L. Hull, Eugene Hunn, Kayoko Inagaki, Frank C. Keil, Daniel T. Levin, Elizabeth Lynch, Douglas L. Medin, Julia Beth Proffitt, Bethany A. Richman, Laura F. Romo, Sandra R. Waxman

The Psychology of Extremism

Author : Arie W. Kruglanski
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000454002
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Extremism by : Arie W. Kruglanski

Download or read book The Psychology of Extremism written by Arie W. Kruglanski and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-12 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ground-breaking book introduces a new model of extremism that emphasizes motivational imbalance among individual needs, offering a unique multidisciplinary exploration of extreme behaviors relating to terrorism, dieting, sports, love, addictions, and money. In popular discourse, the term ‘extremism’ has come to mean largely ‘violent extremism’, but this is just one of many different types: extreme sports, extreme diets, political and religious extremisms, extreme self-interest, extreme attitudes, extreme devotion to a cause, addiction to substances, or behavioral addiction (to videogames, shopping, pornography, sex, and work). But do these descriptions have a deeper meaning? Do they reveal a common psychological dynamic? Or are they merely a mode of things about phenomena that have little in common? Bringing together world-leading psychologists from a variety of disciplines, the book uses a brand-new model to examine different expressions of extremism, at different levels of analysis (brain, hormones, and behavior), in order not merely to describe such behaviors but also to explain their occurrence, and the conditions under which they may be likely to emerge. Also including suggestions for ways in which extremism could be counteracted, and to what extent it appears to be harmful to individuals and society, this is essential reading for students and academics in psychology and behavioral sciences.

Essentialism

Author : Greg McKeown
Publisher : Crown Currency
ISBN 13 : 0804137390
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Essentialism by : Greg McKeown

Download or read book Essentialism written by Greg McKeown and published by Crown Currency. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • More than one million copies sold! Essentialism isn’t about getting more done in less time. It’s about getting only the right things done. “A timely, essential read for anyone who feels overcommitted, overloaded, or overworked.”—Adam Grant Have you ever: • found yourself stretched too thin? • simultaneously felt overworked and underutilized? • felt busy but not productive? • felt like your time is constantly being hijacked by other people’s agendas? If you answered yes to any of these, the way out is the Way of the Essentialist. Essentialism is more than a time-management strategy or a productivity technique. It is a systematic discipline for discerning what is absolutely essential, then eliminating everything that is not, so we can make the highest possible contribution toward the things that really matter. By forcing us to apply more selective criteria for what is Essential, the disciplined pursuit of less empowers us to reclaim control of our own choices about where to spend our precious time and energy—instead of giving others the implicit permission to choose for us. Essentialism is not one more thing—it’s a whole new way of doing everything. It’s about doing less, but better, in every area of our lives. Essentialism is a movement whose time has come.

Navigating the Social World

Author : Mahzarin R. Banaji
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199890714
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Navigating the Social World by : Mahzarin R. Banaji

Download or read book Navigating the Social World written by Mahzarin R. Banaji and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Navigating the Social World covers the development of social cognition from infancy into adolescence, with a focus on the first decade of human life. (dust cover).

Mother-Child Conversations about Gender

Author : Susan Gelman
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 : 9781405131889
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Mother-Child Conversations about Gender by : Susan Gelman

Download or read book Mother-Child Conversations about Gender written by Susan Gelman and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2004-05-21 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides the first in-depth look at how mothers and young children talk about gender, to discover the potential role of language in fostering gender stereotypes. Mothers and their sons/daughters, who were 2-?, 4-?, or 6-? years of age, were videotaped discussing a picture book that focused on gender. A consistent contrast was found between mothers' explicit endorsement of gender stereotypes and implicit emphasis on gender. Although mothers rarely expressed gender stereotypes directly, they emphasized gender concepts indirectly, by referring to gender categories, providing gender labels, contrasting males and females, and giving approval to their children's stereotyped statements. With increasing age, children were more focused on gender categories and stereotypes, but also more gender-egalitarian. Gender-egalitarian items (e.g., a female firefighter) were associated with less overt stereotyping, but also with more implicit talk about gender. Altogether, mothers' language input conveys a wealth of subtle messages about gender from which children may construct their own beliefs.

The Science of Lay Theories

Author : Claire M. Zedelius
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319573063
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Lay Theories by : Claire M. Zedelius

Download or read book The Science of Lay Theories written by Claire M. Zedelius and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely and important collection broadens our understanding of the ways in which lay theories (also known as folk psychologies, implicit theories, naïve theories, or mindsets) impact our lives and social relations. Moving well beyond lay theories as applied to intelligence and achievement, this volume considers lay theories in an admirably wide context, including perspectives on prejudice, creativity, self-regulation, health, free will, justice, magic, religion and more. Eminent and emerging scholars alike provide a comprehensive overview that presents and synthesizes cutting edge contemporary research on lay theories, spanning social, cognitive, developmental, cultural, and clinical psychology. Structurally, this volume is organized in three parts. Beginning with a preface by renowned scholar Carol Dweck, the first part looks at the origins and nature of lay theories, and how malleable they are. The second part explores lay theories about common psychological phenomena. The third section discusses lay theories about the metaphysical or supernatural. Finally, the last section explores the important question of how lay theories impact health and health behavior. Taken together, the chapters provide an integrative survey of the science of lay theories, bringing together many perspectives that previously have been studied largely in isolation. This volume is more than the sum of its parts—perspectives from different strands of research provide insights that cut across research disciplines, making novel connections and prompting new directions for this field of study. Shedding light on how our beliefs shape all facets of our lives, The Science of Lay Theories: How Beliefs Shape Our Cognition, Behavior, and Health will appeal to researchers and practitioners in psychology, as well as philosophers, cognitive and developmental neuroscientists, religious scholars, sociologists, and anthropologists. It is very rare to say of an edited volume of scholarly chapters “I couldn’t put it down!” Yet that was the case with this book. It’s not just that I have worked in this field for many years, but rather, with every chapter I felt I was gaining new insights into what, deep down, people really believe and how these beliefs influence their lives—Carol Dweck, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA

The Lenses of Gender

Author : Sandra Lipsitz Bem
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300154259
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Lenses of Gender by : Sandra Lipsitz Bem

Download or read book The Lenses of Gender written by Sandra Lipsitz Bem and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation A leading theorist on sex and gender discusses how hidden assumptions embedded in our culture, social institutions, and individual psyches perpetuate male power and oppress women and sexual minorities. Illustrated.

Language, Interaction and Social Cognition

Author : G. R. Semin
Publisher : Sage Publications (CA)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Language, Interaction and Social Cognition by : G. R. Semin

Download or read book Language, Interaction and Social Cognition written by G. R. Semin and published by Sage Publications (CA). This book was released on 1992 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of language is increasingly acknowledged within social psychology. In this seminal book, a group of distinguished authors goes beyond general theory to address, from a research base, key issues in the interrelationship between language, interaction and social cognition. Their starting point is that the ways in which we perceive and, therefore, interact with others are structured by the language available to us, as a socially constructed system above and beyond individual minds. The relationship between language and social cognition is not, however, a fixed or unicausal one: linguistic terms are also generated in response to social and cultural development. The interplay is dialectical - a dialectic of the social. The authors explore this dialectic through such themes as: the use and power of category labels; trait-behaviour relations in social information processing; and interpersonal verbs and attribution. They examine the significance of language use in the persistence of stereotypes, and the links between syntactical reasoning processes and social cognition, as well as the impact of perspectivity. They consider the ways in which communication roles and context shape, and are shaped by, language. Language, Interaction and Social Cognition will be essential reading for all those in social psychology, psycholinguistics, linguistics and communication studies concerned with the role of language in interaction and social cognition.

The Psychology of Group Perception

Author : Vincent Yzerbyt
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9781841690612
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Group Perception by : Vincent Yzerbyt

Download or read book The Psychology of Group Perception written by Vincent Yzerbyt and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

What's Left of Human Nature?

Author : Maria Kronfeldner
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262549689
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis What's Left of Human Nature? by : Maria Kronfeldner

Download or read book What's Left of Human Nature? written by Maria Kronfeldner and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A philosophical account of human nature that defends the concept against dehumanization, Darwinian, and developmentalist challenges. Human nature has always been a foundational issue for philosophy. What does it mean to have a human nature? Is the concept the relic of a bygone age? What is the use of such a concept? What are the epistemic and ontological commitments people make when they use the concept? In What's Left of Human Nature? Maria Kronfeldner offers a philosophical account of human nature that defends the concept against contemporary criticism. In particular, she takes on challenges related to social misuse of the concept that dehumanizes those regarded as lacking human nature (the dehumanization challenge); the conflict between Darwinian thinking and essentialist concepts of human nature (the Darwinian challenge); and the consensus that evolution, heredity, and ontogenetic development result from nurture and nature. After answering each of these challenges, Kronfeldner presents a revisionist account of human nature that minimizes dehumanization and does not fall back on outdated biological ideas. Her account is post-essentialist because it eliminates the concept of an essence of being human; pluralist in that it argues that there are different things in the world that correspond to three different post-essentialist concepts of human nature; and interactive because it understands nature and nurture as interacting at the developmental, epigenetic, and evolutionary levels. On the basis of this, she introduces a dialectical concept of an ever-changing and “looping” human nature. Finally, noting the essentially contested character of the concept and the ambiguity and redundancy of the terminology, she wonders if we should simply eliminate the term “human nature” altogether.

The Metaphysics of Gender

Author : Charlotte Witt
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0199740410
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis The Metaphysics of Gender by : Charlotte Witt

Download or read book The Metaphysics of Gender written by Charlotte Witt and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2011-10-21 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author develops the claim that gender is uniessential to social individuals. The used terms to express gender essentialism are explained, clarified and defended in the first part of the book. In the second part the author constructs an argument for the claim that gender is uniessential to social individuals.

The Case against Afrocentrism

Author : Tunde Adeleke
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 9781604732948
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (329 download)

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Book Synopsis The Case against Afrocentrism by : Tunde Adeleke

Download or read book The Case against Afrocentrism written by Tunde Adeleke and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2011-01-05 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Postcolonial discourses on African Diaspora history and relations have traditionally focused intensely on highlighting the common experiences and links between black Africans and African Americans. This is especially true of Afrocentric scholars and supporters who use Africa to construct and validate a monolithic, racial, and culturally essentialist worldview. Publications by Afrocentric scholars such as Molefi Asante, Marimba Ani, Maulana Karenga, and the late John Henrik Clarke have emphasized the centrality of Africa to the construction of Afrocentric essentialism. In the last fifteen years, however, countervailing critical scholarship has challenged essentialist interpretations of Diaspora history. Critics such as Stephen Howe, Yaacov Shavit, and Clarence Walker have questioned and refuted the intellectual and cultural underpinnings of Afrocentric essentialist ideology. Tunde Adeleke deconstructs Afrocentric essentialism by illuminating and interrogating the problematic situation of Africa as the foundation of a racialized worldwide African Diaspora. He attempts to fill an intellectual gap by analyzing the contradictions in Afrocentric representations of the continent. These include multiple, conflicting, and ambivalent portraits of Africa; the use of the continent as a global, unifying identity for all blacks; the de-emphasizing and nullification of New World acculturation; and the ahistoristic construction of a monolithic African Diaspora worldwide.

Slavery and Essentialism in Highland Madagascar

Author : DENIS. REGNIER
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9780367640446
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Slavery and Essentialism in Highland Madagascar by : DENIS. REGNIER

Download or read book Slavery and Essentialism in Highland Madagascar written by DENIS. REGNIER and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the prejudice against slave descendants in highland Madagascar and its persistence more than a century after the official abolition of slavery. 'Unclean people' is a widespread expression in the southern highlands of Madagascar, and refers to people of alleged slave descent who are discriminated against on a daily basis and in a variety of ways. Denis Regnier shows that prejudice is rooted in a strong case of psychological essentialism: free descendants think that 'slaves' have a 'dirty' essence that is impossible to cleanse. Regnier's field experiments question the widely accepted idea that the social stigma against slavery is a legacy of pre-colonial society. He argues, to the contrary, that the essentialist construal of 'slaves' is the outcome of the historical process triggered by the colonial abolition of slavery: whereas in pre-abolition times slaves could be cleansed through ritual means, the abolition of slavery meant that slaves were transformed only superficially into free persons, while their inner essence remained unchanged and became progressively constructed as 'forever unchangeable'. Based on detailed fieldwork, this volume will be of interest to scholars of anthropology, African studies, development studies, cultural psychology, and those looking at the legacy of slavery.

Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309324882
Total Pages : 706 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 by : National Research Council

Download or read book Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.

Stereotypes as Explanations

Author : Craig McGarty
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521804820
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Stereotypes as Explanations by : Craig McGarty

Download or read book Stereotypes as Explanations written by Craig McGarty and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-08-08 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereotypes as Explanations explores the way that people develop impressions and views of social groups.