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Author : John W. Lyons
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Chemistry and Uses of Fire Retardants written by John W. Lyons and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. Richard Horrocks
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781855734197
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (341 download)
Download or read book Fire Retardant Materials written by A. Richard Horrocks and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2001-02-16 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This authoritative reference work will provide a comprehensive source of information for readers concerned with the highly diverse subject of fire retardance. The emphasis is on the burning behaviour and flame retarding properties of polymeric materials. It covers combustion, flame retardants, smoke and toxic products generally and goes on to concentrate on more material-specific aspects of combustion in relation to textiles, composites and bulk polymers. A wide range of fire retardant materials are covered including research in the new field of nanocomposites."--Knovel.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309171938
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-06 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames from matches, cigarette lighters, and candles is one of the leading causes of residential-fire deaths in the United States. These fires accounted for about 16% of civilian fire deaths in 1996. On average, each year since 1990, about 90 deaths (primarily of children), 440 injuries, and property losses amounting to 50 million dollars have resulted from fires caused by the ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames. Certain commercial seating products (such as aircraft and bus seats) are subject to flammability standards and sometimes incorporate FR-treated upholstery cover materials, but there is no federal-government requirement for residential upholstered furniture, and it is generally not treated with FR chemicals. It is estimated that less than 0.2% of all U.S. residential upholstery fabric is treated with flame-retardant (FR) chemicals. The Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972 created the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as an independent federal regulatory agency whose mission is to protect the public from unreasonable risks of injury and death associated with consumer products. CPSC also administers the Flammable Fabrics Act, under which it regulates flammability hazards and the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA), which regulates hazardous substances including chemicals. In 1993, the National Association of State Fire Marshals petitioned CPSC to issue a performance-based flammability standard for upholstered furniture to reduce the risk of residential fires. The Commission granted that portion of the petition relating to small open flame ignition risks. In response to concerns regarding the safety of FR chemicals, Congress, in the fiscal year 1999 appropriations report for CPSC, requested that the National Research Council conduct an independent study of the health risks to consumers posed by exposure to FR chemicals that are likely to be used in residential upholstered furniture to meet a CPSC standard. The National Research Council assigned the project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT) of the Commission on Life Sciences' Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. COT convened the Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals, which prepared this report. Subcommittee members were chosen for their recognized expertise in toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, chemistry, exposure assessment, risk assessment, and biostatistics. Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals is organized into 18 chapters and two appendices. Chapter 2 describes the risk assessment process used by the subcommittee in determining the risk associated with potential exposure to the various FR chemicals. Chapter 3 describes the method the subcommittee used to measure and estimate the intensity, frequency, extent, and duration of human exposure to FR chemicals. Chapters 4-19 provide the subcommittee's review and assessment of health risks posed by exposure to each of the 16 FR chemicals. Data gaps and research needs are provided at the end of these chapters.
Author : Eli Pearce
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468421484
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials written by Eli Pearce and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flammability has been recognized as an increasingly important social and scientific problem. Fire statistics in the United States (Report of the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control. "America Burning:' 1973) emphasized the vast devastation to life and property--12.000 lives lost annually due to fire. and these deaths are usually caused by inhaling smoke or toxic gases: 300.000 fire injuries: 11.4 billion dollars in fire cost at which 2.7 billion dollars is related to property loss: a billion dollars to burn injury treatment: and 3.3 billion dollars in productivity loss. It is obvious that much human and economic misery can be attributed to fire situations. In relation to this. polymer flammability has been recognized as an in creasingly important social and scientific problem. The development of flame-retardant polymeric materials is a current example where the initia tive for major scientific and technological developments is motivated by sociological pressure and legislation. This is part of the important trend toward a safer environment and sets a pattern for future example. Flame retardancy deals with our basic everyday life situations-housing. work areas. transportation. clothing and so forth-the "macroenvironment" capsule within which "homosapiens" live. As a result. flame-retardant polymers are now emerging as a specific class of materials leading to new and diversified scientific and technological ventures.
Author : Alexander B. Morgan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118939204
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)
Download or read book The Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook written by Alexander B. Morgan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the emphasis on replacing halogenated flame retardantswith alternate technologies, this handbook contains in one placeall of the current commercial non-halogenated flame retardanttechnologies, as well as experimental systems nearcommercialization. This book focuses on non-halogenated flame retardants in aholistic but practical manner. It starts with an overview ofthe regulations and customer perceptions driving non-halogenatedflame retardant selection over older halogenatedtechnologies. It then moves into separate chapters coveringthe known major classes of non-halogenated flame retardants. These chapters are written by known experts in those specificchemistries who are also industrial experts in how to apply thattechnology to polymers for fire safety needs. The handbookconcludes with some of the newer technologies in place that areeither niche performers or may be commercial in the nearfuture. Future trends in flame retardancy are alsodiscussed. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook book takes apractical approach to addressing the narrow subject ofnon-halogenated flame retardancy. This includes more emphasison flame retardant selection for specific plastics, practicalconsiderations in flame retardant material design, and what thestrengths and limits of these various technologies are. Previous flame retardant material science books have coverednon-halogenated flame retardants, but they focus more on how theywork rather than how to use them.
Author : Constantine D. Papaspyrides
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0444538097
Total Pages : 942 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)
Download or read book Polymer Green Flame Retardants written by Constantine D. Papaspyrides and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Green Flame Retardants covers key issues regarding the response of polymers during fire, the mechanisms of their flame retardation, the regulations imposed on their use, and the health hazards arising from their combustion. Presenting the latest research developments, the book focuses in particular on nanocomposites, believed to be the most promising approach for producing physically superior materials with low flammability and ecological impact. The fire properties of nanocomposites of various matrixes and fillers are discussed, the toxicological characteristics of these materials are analyzed, addressing also their environmental sustainability. Edited by distinguished scientists, including an array of international industry and academia experts, this book will appeal to chemical, mechanical, environmental, material and process engineers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines, and generally to researchers developing commercially attractive and environmentally friendly fire-proof products. Provides recent findings on the manufacture of environmentally sustainable flame retardant polymeric materials Covers legislation and regulations concerning flame retarded polymeric material use Includes tables containing the fire properties of the most common polymeric materials
Author : Charles A. Wilkie
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420084003
Total Pages : 840 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, Second Edition written by Charles A. Wilkie and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-12-10 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When dealing with challenges such as providing fire protection while considering cost, mechanical and thermal performance and simultaneously addressing increasing regulations that deal with composition of matter and life cycle issues, there are no quick, one-size-fits-all answers. Packed with comprehensive coverage, scientific approach, step-by-step directions, and a distillation of technical knowledge, the first edition of Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials broke new ground. It supplied a one-stop resource for the development of new fire safe materials. The editors have expanded the second edition to echo the multidisciplinary approach inherent in current flame retardancy technology and put it in a revised, more user-friendly format. More than just an update of previously covered topics, this edition discusses: additional fire retardant chemistry developments in regulations and standards new flame retardant approaches fire safety engineering modeling and fire growth phenomena The book introduces flame retardants polymer-by-polymer, supplemented by a brief overview of mode of action and interaction, and all the other ancillary issues involved in this applied field of materials science. The book delineates what, why, and how to do it, covering the fundamentals of polymer burning/combustion and how to apply these systems and chemistries to specific materials classes. It also provides suggested formulations, discusses why certain materials are preferred for particular uses or applications, and offers a starting point from which to develop fire-safe materials.
Author : A. Richard Horrocks
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1845695070
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)
Download or read book Advances in Fire Retardant Materials written by A. Richard Horrocks and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-09-19 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book provides a comprehensive account of the advances that have occurred in fire science in relation to a broad range of materials. The manufacture of fire retardant materials is an active area of research, the understanding of which can improve safety as well as the marketability of a product. The first part of the book reviews the advances that have occurred in improving the fire retardancy of specific materials, ranging from developments in phosphorus and halogen-free flame retardants to the use of nanocomposites as novel flame retardant systems. Key environmental issues are also addressed. The second group of chapters examines fire testing issues and regulations. A final group of chapters addresses the application of fire retardant materials in such areas as composites, automotive materials, military fabrics and aviation materials. With its distinguished editors and array of international contributors, this book is an essential reference for producers, manufacturers, retailers and all those wishing to improve fire retardancy in materials. It is also suitable for researchers in industry or academia. Reviews advances in improving the retardancy of materials Addresses key environmental issues Examines fire testing issues and regulations and the challenges involved
Author : Arthur F. Grand
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781420027099
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (27 download)
Download or read book Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials written by Arthur F. Grand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-04-05 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the state of the art in fire retardancy studies and the need for fire retardant chemicals and fire-retarded polymers, while considering the interrelationship among polymer degradation, fire retardant efficacy, fire testing and environmental concerns. The work examines the principles of polymer science with respect to fire retardancy.
Author : G. Pritchard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401158622
Total Pages : 650 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Plastics Additives written by G. Pritchard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although plastics are extremely successful commercially, they would never reach acceptable performance standards either in properties or processing without the incorporation of additives. With the inclusion of additives, plastics can be used in a variety of areas competing directly with other materials, but there are still many challenges to overcome. Some additives are severely restricted by legislation, others interfere with each other-in short their effectiveness varies with circumstances. Plastics Additives explains these issues in an alphabetical format making them easily accessible to readers, enabling them to find specific information on a specific topic. Each additive is the subject of one or more articles, providing a suffinct account of each given topic. An international group of experts in additive and polymer science, from many world class companies and institutes, explain the recent rapid changes in additive technology. They cover novel additives (scorch inhibitors, compatibilizers, surface-modified particulates etc.), the established varieties (antioxidants, biocides, antistatic agents, nucleating agents, fillers, fibres, impact modifiers, plasticizers) and many others, the articles also consider environmental concerns, interactions between additives and legislative change. With a quick reference guide and introductory articles that provide the non-specialist and newcomer with relevant information, this reference book is essential reading for anyone concerned with plastics and additives.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Wildland fire use written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alexander B. Morgan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111975206X
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)
Download or read book Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook written by Alexander B. Morgan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NON-HALOGENATED FLAME RETARDANT HANDBOOK The 2nd edition of the definitive single book of information, regulations, and how to use non-halogenated flame retardant technology. This book focuses on non-halogenated flame retardants with an emphasis on practical and applied issues, and builds upon the 1st edition, but is not just a re-do/re-edit of 1st/sup edition content. While non-halogenated flame retardants have not greatly changed since the 1st edition was published in 2014, there have been enough advances and changes to merit a 2nd edition. The book includes chapters on regulation and drivers for non-halogenated flame retardants, specific chapters on each of the major classes of flame retardants, as well as some newer technologies/niche non-halogenated solutions which are either starting to enter the market (coatings / bio-derived flame retardants) or are at least being studied with enough detail to bring to the attention of the reader. As with the 1st edition, the 2nd edition still takes a practical approach to addressing the narrow subject of non-halogenated flame retardancy. It includes more emphasis on flame retardant selection for specific plastics, practical considerations in flame retardant material design, and what the strengths and limits of these various technologies are. Previous flame retardant material science books have covered non-halogenated flame retardants, but they focus more on how they work rather than how to use them. This book focuses more on the practical uses, hence the title of the book “Handbook”, which should make it of good use to industrial chemists and material scientists. Audience The primary audience is material scientists, industrial chemists, fire safety engineers who have to meet flame retardant needs to sell products. It will also be useful to academics working to develop new flame retardant solutions.
Author : Alexander B. Morgan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470109025
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites written by Alexander B. Morgan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-04-06 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites takes a comprehensive look at polymer nanocomposites for flame retardancy applications and includes nanocomposite fundamentals (theory, design, synthesis, characterization) as well as polymer flammability fundamentals with emphasis on how nanocomposites affect flammability. The book has practical examples from literature, patents, and existing commercial products. Readers can design new work based upon the material in the book or use it as a handy reference for interpreting existing work and results.
Author : Anna Wypych
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1927885728
Total Pages : 495 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (278 download)
Download or read book Databook of Flame Retardants written by Anna Wypych and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Databook of Flame Retardants contains information on commonly-used additives broken out into five sections, including General, Physical, Health and Safety, Ecological, and Use. Over one hundred types of data are included for over three hundred and fifty commercial-based products. All data fields are defined and include a broad range of information, such as calcium contents, molecular mass, brightness, freezing/melting points, viscosity, volatility, UN/NA class, autoignition temperature, partition coefficient, processing methods, concentrations used, and more. This book is best utilized in tandem with the Handbook of Flame Retardants.Each book complements the other without repeating information, with the other release explaining the role of these products, their selection, mechanism of action, use in different polymers and products, and health and commercial issues related to flame retardants. Provides key physical, health and safety, ecological, and application data for over 350 commonly-used fire retardant additives Covers halogenated, inorganic, phosphorus, intumescent, and nitrogen-based fire retardants Data listed includes CAS #, chemical class and name, decomposition temperature, electrical conductivity, IMDG class, biodegradation probability, product and resin recommendations, guidelines for use, and more
Author : Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811002452
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Green Fashion written by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details the crux of green fashion, addressing various environmental aspects and discussing the importance of sustainable fashion in the apparel industry. It addresses various important topics such as Relationship marketing in green fashion, Animal Ethics and Welfare in the Fashion and Lifestyle Industries, Green Flame retardants, etc.
Author : Sergei M. Lomakin
Publisher : VSP
ISBN 13 : 9789067643900
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (439 download)
Download or read book Modern Polymer Flame Retardancy written by Sergei M. Lomakin and published by VSP. This book was released on 2003-12-27 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are obvious benefits in using flame-retardants, as many human lives and property are saved from fire. A large number of compounds have been identified as being used as flame-retardants. At present, knowledge of long-term effects resulting from exposure to flame retardants and their breakdown products is limited. The aim of this volume in the book series New Concepts in Polymer Science is to provide a general overview of the nature, mechanism of action, use and environmental hazards for a number of flame-retardants.This monograph (together with the book by the same authors, Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy (1999) will valuable to anyone interested in the field of flame-retardant chemicals.
Author : George Wypych
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1927885701
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (278 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Flame Retardants written by George Wypych and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-01-25 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Flame Retardants contains an extensive evaluation of the existing literature, products and patents related to flame retardance. As a perfect complement to The Databook of Flame Retardants, this book explains the roles, selection, mechanisms of action, use in different polymers and products, and health and environmental issues of over 350 different products. Chapters highlight the fundamentals of material burning and the associated stages of heat, flame and smoke, properties and mechanisms, and preventive, delaying and extinguishing attributes of 27 chemical groups of flame retardants. Examples of synergistic and antagonistic actions of various additives are discussed next, along with testing methods. The book concludes with chapters providing guidance on optimal selection of flame retardants for various polymers and information on the toxicity of flame retardants and their effects on the environment. Evaluates the existing literature, products and patents related to flame retardance Covers the fundamentals of material burning and associated stages of heat, flame and smoke Outlines and evaluates the properties of 27 chemical groups of flame retardants Provides examples of synergistic and antagonistic actions of various additives Looks at methods of testing flame retardants and quantifies their effect on products
