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Synthesis And Characterization Of Magnetron Sputtered Ta3n5 Thin Films For The Photoelectrolysis Of Water
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Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetron-sputtered Ta3N5 Thin Films for the Photoelectrolysis of Water by : Martin Rudolph
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetron-sputtered Ta3N5 Thin Films for the Photoelectrolysis of Water written by Martin Rudolph and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ta3N5 is one of the most promising candidates for efficient water splitting using sunlight due to its band positions with respect to the oxygen and hydrogen evolution potentials and its small band gap of 2.1eV. Its synthesis, however, is challenging given its high content of nitrogen, with its low diffusivity, and the Ta metal atom in a high oxidation state. Few investigations into its synthesis by magnetron sputtering exist to date although this technique offers the possibility of tuning the ion-to-neutral flux ratio onto the growing film. This can change the supply of energy onto its surface and therefore promote the crystallization. In this thesis, reactive magnetron sputtering is investigated for the preparation of Ta3N5 thin films. It is shown that sputtering of a Ta target in an Ar atmosphere produces energetic backscattered Ar neutrals at high target potentials. To keep the potential low, Ta3N5 is deposited by sputtering in DC mode. The growth of the Ta3N5 phase requires the incorporation of oxygen into the lattice. It is shown that optical and electronic properties of these samples vary strongly with the precise amount of oxygen in the thin film. Samples with a high degree of crystallinity are obtained by increasing the N2+ flux onto the substrate by changing the form of the magnetic field of the magnetron. The highly crystalline samples prepared by this method are proven to work as photoanodes for the splitting of water under illumination.
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterisation of Magnetron Sputtered Alumina-zirconia Thin Films by : David Huy Trinh
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterisation of Magnetron Sputtered Alumina-zirconia Thin Films written by David Huy Trinh and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preparation and Characterization of Dielectric Thin Films by RF Magnetron-Sputtering with (Ba0.3Sr0.7)(Zn1 by : Feng Shi
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Dielectric Thin Films by RF Magnetron-Sputtering with (Ba0.3Sr0.7)(Zn1 written by Feng Shi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preparation and Characterization of Dielectric Thin Films by RF Magnetron-Sputtering with (Ba0.3Sr0.7)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 Ceramic Target by : Feng Shi
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Dielectric Thin Films by RF Magnetron-Sputtering with (Ba0.3Sr0.7)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 Ceramic Target written by Feng Shi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preparation and Characterization of Dielectric Thin Films by RF Magnetron-Sputtering with (Ba0.3Sr0.7)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 Ceramic Target.
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Semiconductor Thin Films for Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion by : Nathan Taylor Hahn
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Semiconductor Thin Films for Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion written by Nathan Taylor Hahn and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of solar energy conversion has experienced resurgence in recent years due to mounting concerns related to fossil fuel consumption. The sheer quantity of available solar energy and corresponding opportunity for technological improvement has motivated extensive study of novel light-absorbing semiconductors for solar energy conversion. Often, these studies have focused on new ways of synthesizing and altering thin film semiconductor materials with unique compositions and morphologies in order to optimize them for higher conversion efficiencies. In this dissertation, we discuss the synthesis and electrochemical characterization of a variety of candidate semiconductor materials exhibiting promising characteristics for photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion. Three specific methods of thin film deposition are detailed. The first is a physical vapor deposition technique used to independently tune the morphology and composition of hematite ([alpha]-Fe2O3) based materials. Because of hematite's poor electronic properties, these modifications were able to significantly improve its performance as a photoanode for water oxidation. The second technique is electrodeposition, which was employed to deposit the novel ternary metal oxide, CuBi2O4. The study of these films, along with those prepared by physical vapor deposition, provided insight into the factors limiting the ability of this photo-active material to function as a photocathode for hydrogen evolution from water. The third technique is chemical spray pyrolysis, which was employed to deposit and optimize films of the bismuth chalco-halides BiOI and BiSI. These studies were used to obtain previously unknown properties of these materials relevant to their utilization in photoelectrochemical cells. The manipulation of deposition temperature had significant effects on these properties and dictated the films' overall photoconversion performance.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Bismuth-Based Thin Films and Nanoparticles by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering for Photocatalytic Applications by : Sara Ibrahim
Download or read book Synthesis of Bismuth-Based Thin Films and Nanoparticles by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering for Photocatalytic Applications written by Sara Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photocatalysis emerged as an inexpensive and environment-friendly process for the degradation of dye pollutants, the photocatalytic reduction of CO2, and water splitting. In this work, the main objective is to synthesize novel heterojunction photocatalysts of high activity and stability by the one-pot synthesis, reactive magnetron sputtering technique. For this purpose, we have chosen bismuth-based materials, which have recently emerged as promising new candidates for UV and visible light-responsive photocatalysts. Bismuth oxide and bismuth oxyfluoride films are deposited by sputtering a bismuth target in Ar/O2 and Ar/O2/CF4 atmospheres, respectively. To determine the target state and identify the sputtering regimes, the different plasmas are investigated by optical emission spectroscopy. Depending on these regimes, different kinds of semiconductors (individual or in heterojunction) are deposited. We focus our study on Bio/Bi2O3 and Bio/BiO0.5F2 heterojunctions, in which the controlled Bi° content leads to better charge separation and so an improved photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of methyl orange dye and the photoconversion of CO2. Then, to increase the photocatalyst specific surface, spherical nanoparticles with a diameter
Book Synopsis Deposition and Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered Beta-Tungsten Thin Films by : Jiaxing Liu
Download or read book Deposition and Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered Beta-Tungsten Thin Films written by Jiaxing Liu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preparation and Characterization of Lithium Thiogermanate Thin Films Using RF Magnetron Sputtering by : Bryce W. Campbell
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Lithium Thiogermanate Thin Films Using RF Magnetron Sputtering written by Bryce W. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Oxide Thin Films by Charged Liquid Cluster Beam by : Seung Hun Rhee
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Oxide Thin Films by Charged Liquid Cluster Beam written by Seung Hun Rhee and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production by : Roel van de Krol
Download or read book Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production written by Roel van de Krol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-09 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production describes the principles and materials challenges for the conversion of sunlight into hydrogen through water splitting at a semiconducting electrode. Readers will find an analysis of the solid state properties and materials requirements for semiconducting photo-electrodes, a detailed description of the semiconductor/electrolyte interface, in addition to the photo-electrochemical (PEC) cell. Experimental techniques to investigate both materials and PEC device performance are outlined, followed by an overview of the current state-of-the-art in PEC materials and devices, and combinatorial approaches towards the development of new materials. Finally, the economic and business perspectives of PEC devices are discussed, and promising future directions indicated. Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production is a one-stop resource for scientists, students and R&D practitioners starting in this field, providing both the theoretical background as well as useful practical information on photoelectrochemical measurement techniques. Experts in the field benefit from the chapters on current state-of-the-art materials/devices and future directions.
Download or read book Nanoenergy written by Flavio L Souza and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discuss the recent advances and future trends of nanoscience in solar energy conversion and storage. This second edition revisits and updates all the previous book chapters, adding the latest advances in the field of Nanoenergy. Four new chapters are included on the principles and fundamentals of artificial photosynthesis using metal transition semiconductors, perovskite solar cells, hydrogen storage and neutralization batteries. More fundamental aspects can be found in this book, increasing the comparison between theory-experimental achievements and latest developments in commercial devices.
Book Synopsis Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting by : Zhebo Chen
Download or read book Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting written by Zhebo Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-28 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines many of the techniques involved in materials development and characterization for photoelectrochemical (PEC) – for example, proper metrics for describing material performance, how to assemble testing cells and prepare materials for assessment of their properties, and how to perform the experimental measurements needed to achieve reliable results towards better scientific understanding. For each technique, proper procedure, benefits, limitations, and data interpretation are discussed. Consolidating this information in a short, accessible, and easy to read reference guide will allow researchers to more rapidly immerse themselves into PEC research and also better compare their results against those of other researchers to better advance materials development. This book serves as a “how-to” guide for researchers engaged in or interested in engaging in the field of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. PEC water splitting is a rapidly growing field of research in which the goal is to develop materials which can absorb the energy from sunlight to drive electrochemical hydrogen production from the splitting of water. The substantial complexity in the scientific understanding and experimental protocols needed to sufficiently pursue accurate and reliable materials development means that a large need exists to consolidate and standardize the most common methods utilized by researchers in this field.
Book Synopsis Tables of Spectral-line Intensities by : William Frederick Meggers
Download or read book Tables of Spectral-line Intensities written by William Frederick Meggers and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Solar Light Harvesting with Nanocrystalline Semiconductors by : Oleksandr Stroyuk
Download or read book Solar Light Harvesting with Nanocrystalline Semiconductors written by Oleksandr Stroyuk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the use of nanocrystalline semiconductors in the harvesting of energy from solar light. It introduces promising methodology and technology which may help to increase the efficiency of light harvesting – one of the major challenges on the way toward sustainable energy generation.The book starts with a general introduction to the photochemistry of semiconductor nanocrystals. In the introductory chapter, the author also provides a frank and critical discussion on perspectives and limitations of the photocatalytic processes for solar light conversion including a historical account on semiconductor photocatalysis. He discusses that (and also why) it is a long way from laboratory prototypes to real sustainable technologies.The following chapters outline the conversion of solar light energy in semiconductor nanophotocatalysis on the one hand, and to (electric) energy in nanocrystalline semiconductor-based solar cells on the other hand. Topics addressed include nanophotocatalytic hydrogen production, artificial photosynthesis, quantum-dot sensitized liquid-junction and bulk heterojunction solar cells. Perspectives and opportunities, but also bottlenecks and limitations are discussed and the novel systems compared with established technology, such as classical silicon solar cells. While readers in this way learn to understand the basics and get introduced to the current research in the field, the final chapter provides them with the necessary knowledge about methodology, both in synthesis and characterization of semiconductor nanophotocatalysts and semiconductor nanomaterials, including examples for the practice of photocatalytic experiments and the studies of semiconductor-based solar cells.
Book Synopsis Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications by : Juan M. Coronado
Download or read book Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications written by Juan M. Coronado and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-27 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research for the development of more efficient photocatalysts has experienced an almost exponential growth since its popularization in early 1970’s. Despite the advantages of the widely used TiO2, the yield of the conversion of sun power into chemical energy that can be achieved with this material is limited prompting the research and development of a number of structural, morphological and chemical modifications of TiO2 , as well as a number of novel photocatalysts with very different composition. Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications provides a systematic account of the current understanding of the relationships between the physicochemical properties of the catalysts and photoactivity. The already long list of photocatalysts phases and their modifications is increasing day by day. By approaching this field from a material sciences angle, an integrated view allows readers to consider the diversity of photocatalysts globally and in connection with other technologies. Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications provides a valuable road-map, outlining the common principles lying behind the diversity of materials, but also delimiting the imprecise border between the contrasted results and the most speculative studies. This broad approach makes it ideal for specialist but also for engineers, researchers and students in related fields.
Book Synopsis Methods for Electrocatalysis by : Inamuddin
Download or read book Methods for Electrocatalysis written by Inamuddin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores key parameters, properties and fundamental concepts of electrocatalysis. It also discusses the engineering strategies, current applications in fuel-cells, water-splitting, metal-ion batteries, and fuel generation. This book elucidates entire category viewpoints together with industrial applications. Therefore, all the sections of this book emphasize the recent advances of different types of electrocatalysts, current challenges, and state-of-the-art studies through detailed reviews. This book is the result of commitments by numerous experts in the field from various backgrounds and expertise and appeals to industrialists, researchers, scientists and in addition understudies from various teaches.
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Photocatalyst via Defect Engineering by : Vitaly Gurylev
Download or read book Nanostructured Photocatalyst via Defect Engineering written by Vitaly Gurylev and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-28 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book helps readers comprehend the principles and fundamentals of defect engineering toward realization of an efficient photocatalyst. The volume consists of two parts, each of which addresses a particulate type of defects. The first, larger section provides a comprehensive and rigorous treatment of the behaviour and nature of intrinsic defects. The author describes how their controlled introduction and consequent manipulation over concentration, distribution, nature and diffusion is one of the most effective and practical methodologies to modify the properties and characteristics of target photocatalytic materials. The second part of the book explains the formation of extrinsic defects in the form of metallic and non-metallic dopants and gives a detailed description of their characteristics as this approach is also often used to fabricate an efficient photocatalyst. Filling the gap in knowledge on the correlation between introduction of defects in various semiconducting materials and their photocatalytic performance, the book is ideal for graduate students, academics and researchers interested in photocatalysts, defect engineering, clean energy, hydrogen production, nanoscale advanced functional materials, CO2 deactivation, and semiconductor engineering.
