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State Environmental Justice Policies
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Book Synopsis Environmental Justice by : Clifford Rechtschaffen
Download or read book Environmental Justice written by Clifford Rechtschaffen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental justice is a significant and dynamic contemporary development in environmental law. Rechtschaffen, Gauna and new coauthor O'Neill provide an accessible compilation of interdisciplinary materials for studying environmental justice, interspersed with extensive notes, questions, and a teacher's manual with practice exercises designed to facilitate classroom discussion. It integrates excerpts from empirical studies, cases, agency decisions, informal agency guidance, law reviews, and other academic literature, as well as community-generated documents. This second edition includes new chapters addressing climate change, international environmental justice, and a capstone case study. It also adds expanded coverage of risk and the public health, empirical environmental justice research, and environmental justice for American Indian peoples.
Book Synopsis State Environmental Justice Policies by : Tonya Lewis
Download or read book State Environmental Justice Policies written by Tonya Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental justice is the idea that all people should have a right to a clean and healthy environment and that no group of people should bear a disproportionate share of the negative environmental consequences of industrialization in our society (i.e. pollution). Unfortunately, the origin and dispersal of toxic pollutants in our air and water has not been distributed equitably and most often disparately affects low-income and minority communities. In their efforts to address environmental injustices, most states have developed environmental justice policies. However, states do not assess the distribution of toxic-producing facilities. Nor do they limit the amount of pollution in communities overburdened with toxic releases. This seems counter-intuitive because it is. If a state creates a policy to address environmental justice, and if environmental justice refers to not disproportionately burdening certain groups of people with environmental pollution, then certainly the state should identify where the concentrations of toxins are found. If disparately situated concentrations of pollution are not identified, then they cannot be limited in the communities disproportionately affected. Identifying where these toxins are located is critical because it is the state, and not the federal government, that has the power to control where and how much a facility is allowed to pollute as part of federal-state partnership agreements. Instead, all states use demographic criteria alone to define the environmental justice community. As demonstrated in Chapter 1, using GIS mapping, declaring environmental justice areas on the basis of strict demographic criteria can be under-inclusive, omitting communities falling outside of the criteria or those that are marginal to the cutoff. More often, however, declarations of the environmental justice community are over-inclusive. When adhering to strict demographic criteria (i.e. percentage of low-income and/or minority residents), large geographic areas are often labeled an "environmental justice community." As a result, any resources allocated under the policy cannot be specifically targeted toward those neighborhoods/communities actually exposed to and feeling the results of the specific environmental harm. In lieu of addressing the actual injustices (i.e. polluting facilities, etc.), as discussed in Chapter 2, states generally grant these communities increased participation in the permitting process. This however, is often merely limited to the distribution of pamphlets in multiple languages related to the permitting process itself or creating an environmental justice hotline, and meaningful participation (i.e. community involvement in direct permitting actions) is rarely achieved. Because states are not identifying where cumulative exposures are and provide little, if any, tangible benefit to low-income and minority communities, their policies on environmental justice have proved to be more symbolic than functional. As discussed in Chapter 3, these policies often state admirable goals of protecting these overburdened communities, thereby sending a message that they are doing something, yet, in practice, do nothing to actually reduce the toxic releases negatively affecting the health of these residents.
Download or read book Models for Change written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Justice for All by : Steven Bonorris
Download or read book Environmental Justice for All written by Steven Bonorris and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report identifies the statutes, policies, initiatives, or other commitments that states have undertaken to give force of law and/or tangible meaning to the goal of environmental justice, defined as the fair treatment of people of all races, cultures, and incomes with respect to the development, adoption, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. The report finds that from 1993 to 2004, more than 30 states expressly addressed environmental justice in their policy-making processes, demonstrating increased attention to the issue at a political level. The wide range and variety of policy strategies and approaches used by states, however, suggests that the issue will continue to mature over the coming years.
Book Synopsis Dumping In Dixie by : Robert D. Bullard
Download or read book Dumping In Dixie written by Robert D. Bullard and published by Avalon Publishing - (Westview Press). This book was released on 2008-03-31 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To be poor, working-class, or a person of color in the United States often means bearing a disproportionate share of the country’s environmental problems. Starting with the premise that all Americans have a basic right to live in a healthy environment, Dumping in Dixie chronicles the efforts of five African American communities, empowered by the civil rights movement, to link environmentalism with issues of social justice. In the third edition, Bullard speaks to us from the front lines of the environmental justice movement about new developments in environmental racism, different organizing strategies, and success stories in the struggle for environmental equity.
Book Synopsis The Law of Environmental Justice by : Michael Gerrard
Download or read book The Law of Environmental Justice written by Michael Gerrard and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2008 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental justice is the concept that minority and low-income individuals, communities and populations should not be disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards, and that they should share fully in making the decisions that affect their environment. This volume examines the sources of environmental justice law and how evolving regulations and court decisions impact projects around the country.
Book Synopsis Environmental Justice by : Barry E. Hill
Download or read book Environmental Justice written by Barry E. Hill and published by Environmental Law Institute. This book was released on 2009 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental risks and harms affect certain geographic areas and populations more than others. The environmental justice movement is aimed at having the public and private sectors address this disproportionate burden of risk and exposure to pollution in minority and/or low-income communities, and for those communities to be engaged in the decision-making processes. Environmental Justice provides an overview of this defining problem and explores the growth of the environmental justice movement. It analyzes the complex mixture of environmental laws and civil rights legal theories adopted in environmental justice litigation. Teachers will have online access to the more than 100 page Teachers Manual.
Book Synopsis Environmental Justice for All, a Fifty-state Survey of Legislation, Policies and Cases by : Hastings College of the Law
Download or read book Environmental Justice for All, a Fifty-state Survey of Legislation, Policies and Cases written by Hastings College of the Law and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 50 state survey of state environmental justice laws, regulations, policies and programs. Fourth edition of the survey is scheduled for release in September, 2009.
Book Synopsis Power to the People? An Evaluation of State-level Environmental Justice Policies by : Angela Michelle Hines
Download or read book Power to the People? An Evaluation of State-level Environmental Justice Policies written by Angela Michelle Hines and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communities of color in America lacking economical, educational, and political power have been largely invisible in the process of making major policy decisions. This is lack of access to decision-making venues has been viewed by many as the reason behind marginalized populations bearing the brunt of many societal burdens. The Environmental Justice Movement legitimized the claims of inadequate access to the decision-making process concerning environmental conditions in which African-Americans lived and worked. Through the use of disruptive actions reminiscent of those used throughout the Civil Rights Movement, the plight of communities plagued by the daily presence of hazardous waste gained national attention and gave way to political opportunities to address these concerns. To date, Executive Order 12898 is the only government-stimulated action proposed at the federal level to correct this problem establishing an Office of Environmental Justice, an interagency workgroup, and establishing guidelines for each agency to include EJ principles into their overall mission and goals. More importantly, the order established a means for the exchange of information, placing great importance on the connectivity between communities and the decision-makers. This study examines the relationship between government agencies and environmental justice communities to determine the extent to which various formal avenues of participation empower EJ communities to influence environmental policy decisions at the state-level. The journey begins as the evolution of the Environmental Justice Movement is presented to articulate elements essential to promoting empowering environments for the participation for diverse populations. An overview of individual state actions taken to comply with establishing significant venues of participation provides the foundation of commonly used forms of citizen engagement for EJ communities. Analyses of Environmental Justice organizations via a national survey of EJ organizations determined that the inclusion of public values and the final outcome weigh heavily in determining efficacy when participating in formal structures of inclusion. However, these organizations reported spend most of their efforts in forms of engagement that fail to provide the best opportunities to influence final decisions. The findings of this evaluation shed light on the methods and highlight possible deficiencies in the participation structures selected for this particular group. This study recommends future research in those areas to empower state environmental protection agencies and voiceless communities as they seek to achieve environmental justice for all.
Book Synopsis Toward Environmental Justice by : Committee on Environmental Justice
Download or read book Toward Environmental Justice written by Committee on Environmental Justice and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-11 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Driven by community-based organizations and supported by a growing body of literature, the environmental justice movement contends that poor and minority populations are burdened with more than their share of toxic waste, pesticide runoff, and other hazardous byproducts of our modern economic life. Is environmental degradation worse in poor and minority communities? Do these communities suffer more adverse health effects as a result? The committee addresses these questions and explores how current fragmentation in health policy could be replaced with greater coordination among federal, state, and local parties. The book is highlighted with case studies from five locations where the committee traveled to hear citizen and researcher testimony. It offers detailed examinations in these areas: Identifying environmental hazards and assessing risk for populations of varying ethnic, social, and economic backgrounds, and the need for methodologies that uniquely suit the populations at risk. Identifying basic, clinical, and occupational research needs and meeting challenges to research on minorities. Expanding environmental education from an ecological focus to a public health focus for all levels of health professionals. Legal and ethical aspects of environmental health issues. The book makes recommendations to decisionmakers in the areas of public health, research, and education of health professionals and outlines health policy considerations.
Book Synopsis Just Policies? by : Ana Isabel Baptista
Download or read book Just Policies? written by Ana Isabel Baptista and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Justice by : Council On Environmental Quality
Download or read book Environmental Justice written by Council On Environmental Quality and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 1997-12 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Council on environmental Quality (CEQ), in consultation with EPA and other affected agencies, has developed this guidance to further assist Federal agencies with their NEPA procedures so that environmental justice concerns are effectively identified and addressed.
Book Synopsis US Environmental Policy in Action by : Sara R. Rinfret
Download or read book US Environmental Policy in Action written by Sara R. Rinfret and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: US Environmental Policy in Action provides a comprehensive look at the creation, implementation, and evaluation of environmental policy, which is of particular importance in our current era of congressional gridlock, increasing partisan rhetoric, and escalating debates about federal/state relations. Now in its second edition, this volume includes updated case studies, two new chapters on food policy and natural resource policy, and revised public opinion data. With a continued focus on the front lines of environmental policy, Rinfret and Pautz take into account the major changes in the practice of US environmental policy during the Trump administration. Providing real-life examples of how environmental policy works rather than solely discussing how congressional action produces environmental laws, US Environmental Policy in Action offers a practical approach to understanding contemporary American environmental policy.
Book Synopsis Indigenous Environmental Justice by : Karen Jarratt-Snider
Download or read book Indigenous Environmental Justice written by Karen Jarratt-Snider and published by Indigenous Justice. This book was released on 2020 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "With connections to traditional homelands being at the heart of Native identity, environmental justice is of heightened importance to Indigenous communities. Not only do irresponsible and exploitative environmental policies harm the physical and financial health of Indigenous communities, they also cause spiritual harm by destroying the land and wildlife that are held in a place of exceptional reverence for Indigenous peoples. Combining elements of legal issues, human rights issues, and sovereignty issues, Indigenous Environmental Justice creates a clear example of community resilience in the face of corporate greed"--
Book Synopsis From the Inside Out by : Jill Lindsey Harrison
Download or read book From the Inside Out written by Jill Lindsey Harrison and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Environmental Justice by : Spencer Banzhaf
Download or read book The Political Economy of Environmental Justice written by Spencer Banzhaf and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-04 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environmental justice literature convincingly shows that poor people and minorities live in more polluted neighborhoods than do other groups. These findings have sparked a broad activist movement, numerous local lawsuits, and several federal policy reforms. Despite the importance of environmental justice, the topic has received little attention from economists. And yet, economists have much to contribute, as several explanations for the correlation between pollution and marginalized citizens rely on market mechanisms. Understanding the role of these mechanisms is crucial to designing policy remedies, for each lends itself to a different interpretation to the locus of injustices. Moreover, the different mechanisms have varied implications for the efficacy of policy responses—and who gains and loses from them. In the first book-length examination of environmental justice from the perspective of economics, a cast of top contributors evaluates why underprivileged citizens are overexposed to toxic environments and what policy can do to help. While the text engages economic methods, it is written for an interdisciplinary audience.
Book Synopsis Theory, Policy, Practice by : Suman Nath
Download or read book Theory, Policy, Practice written by Suman Nath and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-09-19 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the meanings and perceptions of development and the dialectics of theory, policy and practice. It looks at how theory translates into policy, and the disconnections in its design and implementation in the Indian context. The book focuses on the influence of capitalist globalisation, democratisation, decentralisation and neoliberal economic reforms on the development discourse in India and how these have challenged the traditional role of the ‘state’, the meaning of citizenship, and public participation. Through an analysis of case studies from various parts of the country, it bridges the gap between policy prescriptions and practices and unpacks the institutional, political and policy-led compulsions and incompatibilities which most often remain unreported. It also discusses the intersections between policymaking and the politics of class, caste and gender, and emphasises the role bureaucracy plays in institutional governance. The volume includes articles from professionals ranging from academics, practitioners and activists. It will be of interest to scholars and researchers of public policy, development studies, South Asian politics, and economics as well as policy makers and practitioners in government and civil society.
