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Spectra Of Matrix Isolated Metal Atoms And Clusters In Rare Gases
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Book Synopsis Matrix Isolation Spectroscopy by : A. Barnes
Download or read book Matrix Isolation Spectroscopy written by A. Barnes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The matrix isolation (MI) method has now been used for nearly thirty years. During this period it has been actively developed and the range of problems tackled greatly extended. Originally it was used for studies of transient species involv ing vibrational, electronic and ESR spectroscopy. Nowadays the study of transient species forms a comparatively small part of HI work since it has been amply demonstrated that very fruitful information can be obtained of the structure and interactions of stable molecules and their aggregates. In addition to the s~ectroscopic methods mentioned above the MI technique is nowadays a standard method in research based on vibrational relaxation, luminescence, Mossbauer, magnetic circular dichroism, pulsed NMR and photoelectron spectroscopy. The matrix isolation technique affords considerable advantages over more conventional methods in most applications of spectroscopy. Areas where the technique has been widely applied, or shows great potential, include: metal atom chemistry, and its relation to surface chemistry, high temperature inorganic species, transition metal complexes, interstellar species, free radicals and unstable molecules, conformational studies, molecular com plexes, and intermolecular forces.
Book Synopsis Chemical Physics of Solids and Their Surfaces by : M W Roberts
Download or read book Chemical Physics of Solids and Their Surfaces written by M W Roberts and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued.
Book Synopsis Spectroscopy of Matrix Isolated Species by : Matthew John Almond
Download or read book Spectroscopy of Matrix Isolated Species written by Matthew John Almond and published by . This book was released on 1989-08-15 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended as a standard reference in the subject of matrix isolation spectroscopy. Leads the reader logically through experimental techniques, physical processes in matrices, photochemistry in matrices, low energy species and interconversions, high-energy species, atoms and small clusters, astrochemistry and atmospheric processes. Also, a unique feature is a detailed compilation of the results of matrix-isolation experiments in the decade of 1977-1986.
Book Synopsis Growth and Properties of Metal Clusters: Applications to Catalysis and the Photographic Process - International Conference Proceedings by : Jean Bourdon
Download or read book Growth and Properties of Metal Clusters: Applications to Catalysis and the Photographic Process - International Conference Proceedings written by Jean Bourdon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-04-01 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth and Properties of Metal Clusters: Applications to Catalysis and the Photographic Process - International Conference Proceedings
Book Synopsis Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths by : Karl A. Gschneidner
Download or read book Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths written by Karl A. Gschneidner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-07-11 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even at the beginning of the new millenium the rare earths still remain, to a certain extent, a mystery. The chapters in this volume will help to unravel some of these. In the filling of the 4f electronic orbitals the lanthanides defy the elementary aufbau principle that underlies the periodic sequence of the elements, and the authors of the first chapter introduce the readers to the basic physics of the orbital collapse leading to that failure. Furthermore an explanation is offered in terms of double-well potentials. The phenomenon is illustrated using the valence transitions observed in some of the rare earth atoms, including Sm group metals and the higher oxides of cerium, praseodymium and terbium. In the second chapter the synthesis and structure of the many types of rare earth halides are described. They have been described as simple, complex, binary, ternary and multinuclear complex, and other categories needed to deal with the most studied of the rare earth compounds. The structure types are skillfully illustrated to show the elementary architecture of each type. In chapter three the authors discuss the science and applications of rare earth super ionic conductors as solid electrolytes. Conduction by oxygen and fluorine anions as well as hydrogen and other cations associated with these electrolytes is emphasized. They deal with extrinsic and intrinsic types together with their associated structures and structural types including structural defects. The chapter concludes with an outline of the many applications of solid electrolytes. Chapter four introduces the reader to the principles that underlie thermoluminescence and its application to dosimetry and provides detailed information on the R-activated phosphors that support dosimetry. This is a selective review of detailed literature based on the areas making most progress. The final chapter elaborates on the data gained by the studies and interpretation around the analytical separation of the individual rare earth elements utilizing chromatographic techniques. The authors describe the fundamental chemistry that underpins contemporary analytical separation techniques for lanthanide separation and analysis. This is done after a description of the rich assortment of separation methods in use has been introduced.
Book Synopsis Spectroscopy and Structure by : M.A. Duncan
Download or read book Spectroscopy and Structure written by M.A. Duncan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-01-04 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectroscopy and Structure
Book Synopsis Quantum Chemistry: The Challenge of Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry by : A. Veillard
Download or read book Quantum Chemistry: The Challenge of Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry written by A. Veillard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last twenty years, developments of the ab initio metho dologies and of the computing capacities have progressively turned quantum chemistry into a predictive tool for molecular systems involving only light elements. The situation appears less advanced for systems containing transition metal elements where specific difficulties arise, like those 1inked to the quasi-degeneracy of the lowest atomic states. Correlation effects, which are important only for quantitative accuracy in the treatment of molecules made of light elements, need sometimes to be considered even for a qualitative des cription of transition metals systems (like the multiple metal-metal bond). The treatment of atoms of a high atomic number has necessited the development of model potential methods. These difficulties ex acerbate for systems containing several trans ition atoms a correct description of the dichromium molecule Crz still represents a challenge to quantum chemists. Yet many advances have been made recently in the theoretical treatment of these systems, despite the fact that our understanding still remains disparate with a variety of models and methodologies used more or less successfully (one-electron models, explicitly correlated ab initio methods, density functional formalisms). For these reasons, a NATO Advanced Research Workshop was organized to review in detail the state-of-the-art techniques and at the same time the most common applications. These encompass many fields including the spectroscopy of diatomics and small aggregates, structure and reactivity problems in organometallic chemistry, the cluster surface analogy with its implications for heterogeneous catalysis and the description of extended structures.
Book Synopsis EPR of Free Radicals in Solids II by : Anders Lund
Download or read book EPR of Free Radicals in Solids II written by Anders Lund and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-09 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EPR of Free Radicals in Solids: Trends in Methods and Applications, 2nd ed. presents a critical two volume review of the methods and applications of EPR (ESR) for the study of free radical processes in solids. Emphasis is on the progress made in the developments in EPR technology, in the application of sophisticated matrix isolation techniques and in the advancement in quantitative EPR that have occurred since the 1st edition was published. Improvements have been made also at theoretical level, with the development of methods based on first principles and their application to the calculation of magnetic properties as well as in spectral simulations. EPR of Free Radicals in Solids II focuses on the trends in applications of experimental and theoretical methods to extract structural and dynamical properties of radicals and spin probes in solid matrices by continuous wave (CW) and pulsed techniques in nine chapters written by experts in the field. It examines the studies involving radiation- and photo-induced inorganic and organic radicals in inert matrices, the high-spin molecules and metal-based molecular clusters as well as the radical pro-cesses in photosynthesis. Recent advancements in environmental applications in-cluding measurements by myon resonance of radicals on surfaces and by quantitative EPR in dosimetry are outlined and the applications of optical detection in material research with much increased sensitivity reviewed. The potential use of EPR in quantum computing is considered in a newly written chapter. This new edition is aimed to experimentalists and theoreticians in research involving free radicals, as well as for students of advanced courses in physical chemis-try, chemical physics, materials science, biophysics, biochemistry and related fields.
Book Synopsis Free Atoms, Clusters, and Nanoscale Particles by : Kenneth J. Klabunde
Download or read book Free Atoms, Clusters, and Nanoscale Particles written by Kenneth J. Klabunde and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents coherent and systematic coverage of the broad and dynamic field of free atom and cluster atom chemistry. The text provides a comprehensive overview of the current literature and describes the mostimportant experimental techniques developed since 1980 including bimetallic clusters/catalysts, carbon clusters (fullerenes) and trapped single atoms. Metal atoms, clusters, and particles are covered in sequence with the Periodic Table.
Book Synopsis Atomic and Molecular Clusters by : Roy L. Johnston
Download or read book Atomic and Molecular Clusters written by Roy L. Johnston and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-04-25 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cluster physics is the foundation of the increasingly important field of nanotechnology. Clusters, ranging in size from a few to many millions of atoms, constitute a fascinating field of research in physics, chemistry and materials science. They are formed by most of the elements of the Periodic Table, and the types of bonding and the resultant clusters are equally as varied. This book introduces atomic clusters, ranging from weakly-bonded clusters of argon to strongly-bonded carbon clusters and metal nano-particles. It includes worked examples to enable lecturers and students to gauge their understanding and progress. Atomic and Molecular Clusters describes the experimental generation, detection and interrogation of clusters and theoretical approaches developed to aid understanding of their physical properties. It classifies clusters according to their bonding types and gives examples of present and possible future applications of clusters in electronic, optical and magnetic devices.
Book Synopsis Functional Nanometer-Sized Clusters of Transition Metals by : Wei Chen
Download or read book Functional Nanometer-Sized Clusters of Transition Metals written by Wei Chen and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal nanoclusters, which bridge metal atoms and nanocrystals, are gaining attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties which differ greatly from their corresponding large nanoparticles and molecular compounds. Their electronic and optical properties are of particular interest for their use in sensing, optoelectronics, photovoltaics and catalysis. The book highlights recent progress and challenges in size-controlled synthesis, size-dependent properties, characterization and applications of metal nanoclusters. Specific topics include organochalcogenolate-stabilized metal nanoparticles, water-soluble fluorescent silver nanoclusters, thiolate-protected Au and Ag nanoclusters, DNA-templated metal nanoclusters, fluorescent platinum nanoclusters and janus nanoparticles by interfacial engineering. Edited by active researchers in the area, the book provides a valuable reference for researchers in the area of functional nanomaterials. It also provides a guide for graduate students, academic and industrial researchers interested in the fundamentals of the materials or their applications.
Book Synopsis Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics by :
Download or read book Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-11-14 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for the Series"This volume maintains the authoritative standards of the series...The editors and publishers are to be congratulated."--M.S. Child in Physics Bulletin"Maintains the high standards of earlier volumes in the series...All the articles are written by experts in the field, and their summaries are most timely...Strongly recommended."--G. Herzberg in American Scientist
Book Synopsis Highly Excited Atoms by : J. P. Connerade
Download or read book Highly Excited Atoms written by J. P. Connerade and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-05-07 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the physics of highly excited, easily perturbed or interacting atoms. Covers Rydberg states, quantum defect theory, atomic f-values, centrifugal barrier effects, autoionisation, inner shell and double excitation spectra, K-matrix theory, atoms in high laser fields, statistical methods, quantum chaos, and atomic effects in solids.
Book Synopsis Optical Properties of Metal Clusters by : Uwe Kreibig
Download or read book Optical Properties of Metal Clusters written by Uwe Kreibig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Properties of Metal Clusters deals with the electronic structure of metal clusters determined optically. Clusters - as state intermediate between molecules and the extended solid - are important in many areas, e.g. in air pollution, interstellar matter, clay minerals, photography, heterogeneous catalysis, quantum dots, and virus crystals. This book extends the approaches of optical molecular and solid-state methods to clusters, revealing how their optical properties evolve as a function of size. Cluster matter, i.e. extended systems of many clusters - the most frequently occuring form - is also treated. The combination of reviews of experimental techniques, lists of results and detailed descriptions of selected experiments will appeal to experts, newcomers and graduate students in this expanding field.
Book Synopsis Activated Metals in Organic Synthesis by : P. Cintas
Download or read book Activated Metals in Organic Synthesis written by P. Cintas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-05-18 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated Metals in Organic Synthesis discusses fundamental principles of the generation of activated, highly reactive metals, and their applications in organic synthesis. Following an introductory chapter on basic forms of metals the chapters in Part 1 are devoted to common strategies utilized for the preparation of active metals. These strategies include vaporization and subsequent co-condensation of metal atoms, in addition to depassivating methods employed commonly in laboratory syntheses. Chapters in Part 2 discuss relevant organic transformations in which metal activation plays a crucial role. Specific topics covered include metal-induced reductive methods; pinacolic, Reformatsky-, and Barbier-type reactions; McMurry ketone-olefin coupling; and the Bernet-Vasella reaction. Each chapter is followed by literature citations ranging from specific references to significant reviews. Many structural formulas are provided, making it easy to follow each synthesis. The book will be an important reference for students, organic chemists, and researchers in all areas of organometallic chemistry.
Book Synopsis Grants and Awards for the Fiscal Year Ended ... by : National Science Foundation (U.S.)
Download or read book Grants and Awards for the Fiscal Year Ended ... written by National Science Foundation (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics by : Benjamin Bederson
Download or read book Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics written by Benjamin Bederson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999-09-29 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series, established in 1965, is concerned with recent developments in the general area of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. The field is in a state of rapid growth, as new experimental and theoretical techniques are used on many old and new problems. Topics covered also include related applied areas, such as atmospheric science, astrophysics, surface physics, and laser physics.
