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Spatial Orientation Of The Human Linear And Angular Vestibulo Ocular Reflexes During Centrifugation
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Book Synopsis Spatial Orientation of the Human Linear and Angular Vestibulo-ocular Reflexes During Centrifugation by : Susan Wearne
Download or read book Spatial Orientation of the Human Linear and Angular Vestibulo-ocular Reflexes During Centrifugation written by Susan Wearne and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Human Vestibulo-Ocular Response During 3-Gz Centrifuge Stimulation by :
Download or read book Human Vestibulo-Ocular Response During 3-Gz Centrifuge Stimulation written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and spatial orientation perceptions were recorded in 15 subjects during a 3-Gz centrifuge run. These data were obtained to study two issues; first, to gain insight into reports of asymmetrical disorientation and disturbance during acceleration and deceleration of G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) training centrifuges. Secondly, to study the effects of sustained vertical linear acceleration on the vestibular system. The centrifuge run consisted of an acceleration to 3-Gz in 19 s, sustained 3-Gz for 5 min, and a deceleration to 1 Gz in 19 s. The runs were repeated three times with the subject facing the motion, and three times with the subject's back to the motion. The VOR and spatial orientation perceptions from the eight subjects who completed all six runs were analyzed. The total VOR response during acceleration and deceleration of a centrifuge run is composed of interacting angular and linear VOR components. However, the VOR response did not correspond to reported asymmetries in pitch orientation perception between centrifuge acceleration and deceleration. During the constant velocity high G phase of a centrifuge run, a sustained up-beating ("Lz") nystagmus was observed in 14 of the 15 subjects. For the eight subjects analyzed, Lz nystagmus was shown to be an individual subject characteristic, and displayed a range of mean magnitudes from 0 to 10 deg/s at 90 s. Assuming a normal visual suppression ratio of the VOR, the magnitudes of the Lz nystagmus in our subject sample did not appear sufficient to degrade visual acuity.
Book Synopsis Human Vestibular Response During 3 Gz̳ Centrifuge Stimulation by : Braden John McGrath
Download or read book Human Vestibular Response During 3 Gz̳ Centrifuge Stimulation written by Braden John McGrath and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The use of centrifuges in training aircrew to avoid GLOC is increasing. The purpose of this study was to record the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and subjective sensations to gain insight into reports of asymmetrical disorientation and disturbance during acceleration and deceleration of GLOC training centrifuges. Horizontal and vertical eye movements and post run sensations were recorded from 15 naive male human subjects seated head erect in a 20.5-ft radius pendulous chair centrifuge. Centrifuge profile was acceleration from 1 to 3 Gz in 19 s, 5 min of sustained 3 Gz, and deceleration to 1 Gz in 19 s. Tests were repeated up to three times with the subject facing the motion, and three times with the subject's back to the motion. Eye position was recorded in the dark using an ISCAN infrared video system. Six subjects experienced GLOC, and 1 withdrew due to unrelated sickness. Slow phase velocity (SPV) and sensations from the 8 subjects who completed all 6 runs were analyzed. Roll of the chair during acceleration and deceleration produced strong pitch, roll, and yaw sensations and eye movements attributable to vestibular Coriolis stimulation. Subjective pitch amplitude change was consistently greater during deceleration than acceleration, regardless of rotation direction. The SPV magnitude during the first run in a given direction was significantly different than the two subsequent runs. A sustained upbeating ('Lz') nystagmus (1-21 deg/ s, mean 8 deg/s at 100 s; 1-12 deg/s at 315 s) was observed in 7 of 8 subjects. VOR during centrifugation is composed of interacting transient angular and sustained linear VOR components. Sensation asymmetries are not observed in the VOR. Lz nystagmus magnitude is an individual subject characteristic. Centrifuge, Vestibulo-ocular, Lz nystagmus, Spatial Orientation ."--Stinet.
Book Synopsis Human Vestibular Response During 3 Gz Centrifuge Stimulation by : R. J. McGrath
Download or read book Human Vestibular Response During 3 Gz Centrifuge Stimulation written by R. J. McGrath and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of centrifuges in training aircrew to avoid GLOC is increasing. The purpose of this study was to record the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and subjective sensations to gain insight into reports of asymmetrical disorientation and disturbance during acceleration and deceleration of GLOC training centrifuges. Horizontal and vertical eye movements and post run sensations were recorded from 15 naive male human subjects seated head erect in a 20.5-ft radius pendulous chair centrifuge. Centrifuge profile was acceleration from 1 to 3 Gz in 19 s, 5 min of sustained 3 Gz, and deceleration to 1 Gz in 19 s. Tests were repeated up to three times with the subject facing the motion, and three times with the subject's back to the motion. Eye position was recorded in the dark using an ISCAN infrared video system. Six subjects experienced GLOC, and 1 withdrew due to unrelated sickness. Slow phase velocity (SPV) and sensations from the 8 subjects who completed all 6 runs were analyzed. Roll of the chair during acceleration and deceleration produced strong pitch, roll, and yaw sensations and eye movements attributable to vestibular Coriolis stimulation. Subjective pitch amplitude change was consistently greater during deceleration than acceleration, regardless of rotation direction. The SPV magnitude during the first run in a given direction was significantly different than the two subsequent runs. A sustained upbeating ('Lz') nystagmus (1-21 deg/ s, mean 8 deg/s at 100 s; 1-12 deg/s at 315 s) was observed in 7 of 8 subjects. VOR during centrifugation is composed of interacting transient angular and sustained linear VOR components. Sensation asymmetries are not observed in the VOR. Lz nystagmus magnitude is an individual subject characteristic. Centrifuge, Vestibulo-ocular, Lz nystagmus, Spatial Orientation.
Book Synopsis Human Vestibular Response During 3 Gz Centrifuge Stimulation by : R. J. McGrath
Download or read book Human Vestibular Response During 3 Gz Centrifuge Stimulation written by R. J. McGrath and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of centrifuges in training aircrew to avoid GLOC is increasing. The purpose of this study was to record the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and subjective sensations to gain insight into reports of asymmetrical disorientation and disturbance during acceleration and deceleration of GLOC training centrifuges. Horizontal and vertical eye movements and post run sensations were recorded from 15 naive male human subjects seated head erect in a 20.5-ft radius pendulous chair centrifuge. Centrifuge profile was acceleration from 1 to 3 Gz in 19 s, 5 min of sustained 3 Gz, and deceleration to 1 Gz in 19 s. Tests were repeated up to three times with the subject facing the motion, and three times with the subject's back to the motion. Eye position was recorded in the dark using an ISCAN infrared video system. Six subjects experienced GLOC, and 1 withdrew due to unrelated sickness. Slow phase velocity (SPV) and sensations from the 8 subjects who completed all 6 runs were analyzed. Roll of the chair during acceleration and deceleration produced strong pitch, roll, and yaw sensations and eye movements attributable to vestibular Coriolis stimulation. Subjective pitch amplitude change was consistently greater during deceleration than acceleration, regardless of rotation direction. The SPV magnitude during the first run in a given direction was significantly different than the two subsequent runs. A sustained upbeating ('Lz') nystagmus (1-21 deg/ s, mean 8 deg/s at 100 s; 1-12 deg/s at 315 s) was observed in 7 of 8 subjects. VOR during centrifugation is composed of interacting transient angular and sustained linear VOR components. Sensation asymmetries are not observed in the VOR. Lz nystagmus magnitude is an individual subject characteristic. Centrifuge, Vestibulo-ocular, Lz nystagmus, Spatial Orientation.
Book Synopsis Vestibulo-Oculomotor Research in Space by : Andrew H. Clarke
Download or read book Vestibulo-Oculomotor Research in Space written by Andrew H. Clarke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph describes the findings of spaceflight research related to spatial orientation, sensorimotor coordination and mental function. Exposed to the microgravity conditions of spaceflight, the human experiences a variety of physiological and psychological problems, which are presented here. Recent findings of sensory motor research in space are depicted and their benefits for life on earth discussed. The examination of the vestibulo-oculomotor system for example has led to the development of innovative devices for the measurement of three-dimensional eye and head movements. These devices are currently employed in Earthbound applications such as eye laser surgery. The book is written for students and researchers in neurosciences, biomedical engineering, for neurologists and psychologists as well as for persons wanting to know more about biomedical research in space and its application on earth.
Book Synopsis Three-dimensional Kinematics of the Eye, Head and Limb Movements by : Hubert Misslich
Download or read book Three-dimensional Kinematics of the Eye, Head and Limb Movements written by Hubert Misslich and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-19 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 19th-century pioneers of motor physiology — Helmholtz, Hering, Fick and others — used the mathematics of motion, known as kinematics, to describe the laws of human movement and to deduce the neural control principles underlying these laws. After long neglect — partly due to limitations in stimulation and recording techniques — the kinematic approach is now resurging, fortified with modern computers and electrophysiology. New developments in recording techniques, as well as an improved understanding of the complex control properties of three-dimensional movements, have led to a flood of new research in this area. The classical laws of Donders and Listing have been confirmed and generalized, and computer simulations of the neural control of three-dimensional movement have been developed and tested. In this book, some of the world's leading scientists of motor control discuss how the brain represents and transforms the kinematic variables of movement. Background chapters explain the basic concepts — non-commutativity, redundancy and the classical laws — and their application to normal function and motor disorders, and shorter articles describe current research. The contributions are based on presentations at a symposium held in Tubingen in August 1995. The wide scope of the book should enable researchers to gain an overview of current research, but should also help newcomers to the field to get a good understanding of the questions and problems involved in three-dimensional movement control.
Book Synopsis The Vestibular System by : Stephen M. Highstein
Download or read book The Vestibular System written by Stephen M. Highstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of comp- hensive and synthetic reviews of the fundamental topics in modern au- tory research.The volumes are aimed at all individuals with interests in hearing research, including advanced graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and clinical investigators.The volumes are intended to int- duce new investigators to important aspects of hearing science and to help established investigators to better understand the fundamental theories and data in ?elds of hearing that they may not normally follow closely. Each volume is intended to present a particular topic comprehensively, and each chapter will serve as a synthetic overview and guide to the lit- ature.As such, the chapters present neither exhaustive data reviews nor original research that has not yet appeared in peer-reviewed journals.The volumes focus on topics that have developed a solid data and conceptual foundation rather than on those for which a literature is only beginning to develop. New research areas will be covered on a timely basis in the series as they begin to mature.
Book Synopsis Information Processing Underlying Gaze Control by : J. M. Delgado-García
Download or read book Information Processing Underlying Gaze Control written by J. M. Delgado-García and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information Processing Underlying Gaze Control covers the proceedings of the Satellite Workshop to the 16th European Neuroscience Association. The book presents materials concerning the computational properties of neuronal circuits underlying gaze control. The book contains 44 papers, which are organized into seven sections. The first section deals with the morphology and physiology of extraocular motor nuclei. Section II tackles the anatomo-functional organization of the saccadic system, and Section III covers the vestibular and otolithic systems. Section IV discusses the optokinetic and smooth pursuit systems, while Section V talks about other sensory systems involved in the control of oculomotor function. Section VI covers the role of cerebellum in the genesis and control of eye movements, and Section VII tackles the coordination of eye, head, and body movements. The text will be of great use to researchers who have an interest in gaze control.
Book Synopsis New Directions in Vestibular Research by : Stephen M. Highstein
Download or read book New Directions in Vestibular Research written by Stephen M. Highstein and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the progress that has been made in the field of vestibular research, especially with respect to the development of the labyrinth and vestibular brainstem, the contribution of hair cell and primary afferent ionic currents to information processing, the expression of molecular markers by vestibular neurons, and the cellular and systems processes responsible for motor learning. The book also emphasises the organisation of the vestibulo-cerebellum and the impact of the oroliths and spatial orientation on gaze.
Book Synopsis Head Direction Cells and the Neural Mechanisms of Spatial Orientation by : Sidney I. Wiener
Download or read book Head Direction Cells and the Neural Mechanisms of Spatial Orientation written by Sidney I. Wiener and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2005-07-29 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive examination of head-direction signals and their importance in explaining orienting and navigation behaviors. Head direction cells—neurons that fire only when an animal orients its head in a certain direction—are found in several different brain areas, with different neurons selective for different head orientations; they are influenced by landmarks as well as motor and vestibular information concerning how the head moves through space. These properties suggest that head direction cells play an important role in determining orientation in space and in navigation. Moreover, the prominence, strength, and clarity of head direction signals indicate their importance over the course of evolution and suggest that they can serve as a vital key for understanding brain function. This book presents the latest findings on head direction cells in a comprehensive treatment that will be a valuable reference for students and researchers in the cognitive sciences, neuroscience, computational science, and robotics. The book begins by presenting head direction cell properties and an anatomical framework of the head direction system. It then looks at the types of sensory and motor information that control head direction cell firing, covering topics including the integration of diverse signals; the relationship between head direction cell activity and an animal's spatial behavior; and spatial and directional orientation in nonhuman primates and humans. The book concludes with a tutorial demonstrating the implementation of the continuous attractor network, a computational model of head direction cells, and an application of this approach for a navigational system for mobile robots.
Book Synopsis Pamphlets on Mentallt Handicapped and Crime by :
Download or read book Pamphlets on Mentallt Handicapped and Crime written by and published by . This book was released on 1980* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Otolith Function in Spatial Orientation and Movement by : Bernard Cohen
Download or read book Otolith Function in Spatial Orientation and Movement written by Bernard Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes knowledge of static and dynamic processing of ototlith activity in the labyrinth and provides information about otolith processing through the vestibular nuclei and vestibulo-cerebellum. It also addresses how otolith information is processed in the cortex.
Book Synopsis Vestibular Contributions to Health and Disease by : Bernard Cohen
Download or read book Vestibular Contributions to Health and Disease written by Bernard Cohen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook reviews recent developments in vestibular physiology and pathophysiology and covers a range of topics, including diagnostic tests, treatment approaches, central and peripheral vestibular mechanisms, and vestibulo-automonic interactions.
Book Synopsis Rotational Vestibular Assessment by : Christopher K. Zalewski
Download or read book Rotational Vestibular Assessment written by Christopher K. Zalewski and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rotational Vestibular Assessment represents a primary clinical core for audiologists and expands the vestibular assessment battery through a comprehensive discussion of rotational vestibular testing. This text details the various tests that can be performed though rotational assessment, including the benefits and limitations of each. Test interpretation and clinical application of rotational outcome measures data is also discussed. Rotational testing currently enjoys a unique presence in vestibular assessment as it offers an analysis of the vestibular system that is unparalleled in its ability to evaluate both peripheral and central aspects of vestibular disease, particularly when standard measures such as videonystagmography (VNG) are non-contributory. The future of rotational testing is promising as more affordable methods become available such as the use of booth-less rotational chairs and more affordable video ocular recording methods. In light of this, rotational testing is poised to become the new standard of vestibular assessment and this timely text is dedicated to its understanding. The material is supplemented with a PluralPlus companion website that provides a selection of videos showing the various rotational tests, including the rotational stimuli and the VOR response generated during each test. Rotational Vestibular Assessmentis invaluable for anyone performing vestibular testing, rehabilitation, or evaluation. This includes audiologists, otologists, neurotologists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and students seeking these professions.
Book Synopsis Review of NASA's Biomedical Research Program by : National Research Council
Download or read book Review of NASA's Biomedical Research Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-09 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1998 Committee on Space Biology and Medicine (CSBM) report A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine in the New Century assessed the known and potential effects of spaceflight on biological systems in general and on human physiology, behavior, and performance in particular, and recommended directions for research sponsored over the next decade by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The present follow-up report reviews specifically the overall content of the biomedical research programs supported by NASA in order to assess the extent to which current programs are consistent with recommendations of the Strategy report for biomedical research activities. In general, NASA programs concerned with fundamental gravitational biology are not considered here. The committee also notes that this report does not include an evaluation of NASA's response to the Strategy report, which had only recently been released at the initiation of this study. Review of NASA's Biomedical Research Program summarizes the committee's findings from its review of (1) NASA's biomedical research and (2) programmatic issues described in the Strategy report that are relevant to NASA's ability to implement research recommendations.
