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Author : William Grant Duncan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Social Mobility and Economic Development in Latin America written by William Grant Duncan and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Francisco H. G. Ferreira
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821397230
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Economic Mobility and the Rise of the Latin American Middle Class written by Francisco H. G. Ferreira and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-11-09 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After decades of stagnation, the size of Latin America's middle class recently expanded to the point where, for the first time ever, the number of people in poverty is equal to the size of the middle class. This volume investigates the nature, determinants and possible consequences of this remarkable process of social transformation. We propose an original definition of the middle class, tailor-made for Latin America, centered on the concept of economic security and thus a low probability of falling into poverty. Given our definition of the middle class, there are four, not three, classes in Latin America. Sandwiched between the poor and the middle class there lies a large group of people who appear to make ends meet well enough, but do not enjoy the economic security that would be required for membership of the middle class. We call this group the 'vulnerable'. In an almost mechanical sense, these transformations in Latin America reflect both economic growth and declining inequality in over the period. We adopt a measure of mobility that decomposes the 'gainers' and 'losers' in society by social class of each household. The continent has experienced a large amount of churning over the last 15 years, at least 43% of all Latin Americans changed social classes between the mid 1990s and the end of the 2000s. Despite the upward mobility trend, intergenerational mobility, a better proxy for inequality of opportunity, remains stagnant. Educational achievement and attainment remain to be strongly dependent upon parental education levels. Despite the recent growth in pro-poor programs, the middle class has benefited disproportionally from social security transfers and are increasingly opting out from government services. Central to the region's prospects of continued progress will be its ability to harness the new middle class into a new, more inclusive social contract, where the better-off pay their fair share of taxes, and demand improved public services.
Author : Seymour Lipset
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351306235
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)
Download or read book Social Structure and Mobility in Economic Development written by Seymour Lipset and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The foundation of this volume is the notion that the several processes of change constituting economic and social development are systematically interrelated. The essence of development is the appearance of rapid rates of increases in many different indices--output per capita, political participation, literacy and the like. These quantitative changes are, however, commonly accompanied by vast changes in the social structure--markets emerge, political bureaucracies arise, and new educational systems appear. Written by the leading authorities on the subject, this group of papers tackles the causes and consequences of social mobility. Each author brings his particular skills to bear on various aspects of the problem in studies of persons moving from rural to urban settings, from one kind of industry to another and from one prestige level to another. Several of the papers review the theoretical and methodological issues involved in comparative research on social mobility while others compare and contrast traditional and modern stratification systems. Various papers explore the economic, religious and psychological basis of social mobility, concluding with enquiry into the consequences of rapid mobility, especially in terms of the political stability of developing nations. Because social mobility is a central consideration in any study of economic and social change, every student of change will use this pioneering reference source as a text for all future research. Contributors include Otis Dudley Duncan, Harold L. Wilensky, Michael G. Smith, Bert F. Hoselitz, Wilbert E. Moore, Natalie Rogoff Rams°y, Gideon Sjoberg, Reinhard Bendix, Harry Crockett, David Matza, Lester Seligman, and Gino Germani. Neil J. Smelser is emeritus professor, Department of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley. Seymour Martin Lipset was professor of sociology and director of the Institute of International Studies at the University of California, Berkeley.
Author : Nancy Birdsall
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815723585
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (235 download)
Download or read book New Markets, New Opportunities? written by Nancy Birdsall and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2001-09-19 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace publication Many of the countries that have recently converted to a market-based economic system have also experienced an alarming increase in income inequality — a widening gap between the haves and have nots. But to what extent is the increase in inequality also increasing the opportunities for economic advancement — particularly for those at the bottom of the economic ladder? Does the creation of greater opportunities make a region's move to the market politically acceptable? And, if opportunities don't increase along with inequality, will it eventually cause a political backlash against a country's market policies? This book highlights the importance of finding the answers to those questions by examining the issues of social mobility and opportunity as an essential part of the income inequality puzzle. It provides a summary of the latest research on the economics and politics of social mobility in both developed and emerging market economies, including the conceptual issues involved and the challenges of accurately documenting trends. The book concludes with a discussion of the economics of opportunity and mobility in Latin America and Eastern Europe, and the politics and perceptions of mobility in the two regions.
Author : Jorge Balán
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 029276362X
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)
Download or read book Men in a Developing Society written by Jorge Balán and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central objective of Men in a Developing Society is to show, as concretely as possible, how men experience a period of rapid economic development, particularly in the areas of migration, occupational mobility, and status attainment. It is based mainly on a sample of 1,640 men in Monterrey, Mexico, a large and rapidly growing manufacturing metropolis in northern Mexico with much in-migration, and a sample of 380 men in Cedral, San Luis Potosí, a small, economically depressed community with high rates of out-migration, much of it to Monterrey. The study of men in Monterrey is perhaps the most thorough one yet conducted of geographic and social mobility in a Latin American city. In part, this was possible because of the innovation of collecting complete life histories that record what each man was doing for any given year in the lay areas of residence, education, family formation, and work. These data permit the effective use of the concepts of life cycle and cohort analysis in the interpretation of the men's geographic and occupational mobility. The experience of the Monterrey men in adapting to the varied changes required by their mobility was not found to be as difficult as is often indicated in the social science literature on the consequences of economic development. In part this may be because Monterrey, in comparison with most other Latin American cities, has been unusually successful in its economic growth. The impact of migration also was lessened because most of the men had visited the city prior to moving there and many had friends or relatives in the city. The age of the migrants upon arrival in Monterrey made a significant difference in subsequent occupational mobility; those of nonfarm background who arrived before age 25 fared better than natives of the city. Although it appears that status inheritance in Monterrey is somewhat higher than in industrialized countries, a considerable proportion of men do move up the occupational ladder. And perhaps as important, the Monterrey men, whether or not they themselves are moving up, perceive the society as an open one. The very success of Monterrey's development created conditions that would bring about changes in the educational, economic, and cultural expectations of its inhabitants. Thus, paradoxically, the general satisfaction and the lack of group and class conflict in Monterrey over the previous decades may well have given rise to future dissatisfaction and conflict.
Author : Eduardo Lora
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 146480009X
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Entrepreneurship in Latin America written by Eduardo Lora and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at both the potential and limits of policies to promote entrepreneurship as an important vehicle for social mobility in Latin America and the Caribbean. Who are the region's entrepreneurs? They tend to be middle-aged males with secondary and, often, tertiary education who represent only a small segment of the economically active population in the six countries considered in this book. They come from families in which a parent is, or was, an entrepreneur. In fact, a parent's occupation is more important in the decision to become an entrepreneur than a parent's wealth, income or education. Middle class entrepreneurship tends to dominate the sample in part since this is the majority class in society. However, as a percentage of each social class, entrepreneurship tends to be higher in the upper class, followed by the middle and lower class. Entrepreneurs concentrate in micro enterprises with fewer than five employees. They enjoy greater social mobility than employees and the self-employed, but this mobility is not always in the upward direction. Entrepreneurs face multiple obstacles including stifling bureaucracy, burdensome tax procedures, and lack of financing, human capital, technological skills, and supportive networks. The support of family and friends and a modicum of social capital help cope with these obstacles to entrepreneurship.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Social Aspects of Economic Development in Latin America written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Social Aspects of Economic Development in Latin America: Papers submitted to the Expert Working Group on Social Aspects of Economic Development in Latin America, Mexico City, 12 to 21 December 1960, edited by E. de Vries and J.M. Echavarría written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Expert Working Group on Social Aspects of Economical Development in Latin America
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Social Aspects of Economic Development in Latin America: A study, by J. M. Echavarría and B. Higgins with introd. and conclusions by H. M. Phillips written by Expert Working Group on Social Aspects of Economical Development in Latin America and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Omar Pereyra
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739191071
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)
Download or read book Contemporary Middle Class in Latin America written by Omar Pereyra and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decades, the Latin American middle class is growing in size while becoming more heterogeneous. Sustained economic growth explains its increasing size, but behind its heterogeneity there is not only the diversification of lifestyles, but also the crystallization of a large process of upward social mobility of second and third generation migrants to capital cities and their incorporation into middle-class positions. In the last decades, these individuals are now part of the different spheres of socialization formerly occupied by the traditional middle class: private schools, college and universities, middle-class jobs and occupations, and traditional middle-class neighborhoods. To explore the genesis of this phenomenon and its consequences, the author studies Residential San Felipe, a quintessential traditional middle-class neighborhood in Lima, Peru, which is currently receiving an important influx of upwardly mobile families. The case of San Felipe shows that inside the contemporary middle class a strong boundary between the “traditional middle class” and the “new middle class” permeates the everyday life of the neighborhood. However, though this difference between the “traditional” and “new middle class” is recognized by all residents of San Felipe, its relevance as well as the elements at the basis of this distinction varies.
Author : Daniel Oviedo
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1787690091
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (876 download)
Download or read book Urban Mobility and Social Equity in Latin America written by Daniel Oviedo and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-16 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Transport and Sustainability focuses on how spatial and social mobilities are intertwined in the reproduction of spatial and social inequities in Latin American cities.
Author : John Walton
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477303405
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)
Download or read book Elites and Economic Development written by John Walton and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2014-09-10 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a detailed comparative analysis of development politics in four urban regions of Latin America, two in Mexico and two in Colombia. John Walton has based his studies on the assumption that the problems of economic growth are essentially political, that is, are problems of choice, decision-making, and the exercise of power. His fundamental purpose has been to discover how elites of different kinds are more and less successful in the promotion of economic development, which he defines as a process in the organization of a society leading not only to higher levels of efficient output but also to a more equitable distribution of benefits. At the time, the four cities compared were the second- and third-largest metropolitan areas in each country, Guadalajara and Monterrey in Mexico, Medellín and Cali in Colombia. This selection allows the author to pair, across countries, cases of early and large-scale industrialization (Monterrey and Medellín) with cases of more recent industrial growth in agricultural-commercial centers (Guadalajara and Cali). Walton presents historical introductions to each of the regions and integrates these with original fieldwork and interviews with more than three hundred members of the political and economic elites. The findings are extensive, but in general they demonstrate that where political and economic power is more broadly distributed, where elites are more open and accessible, and where organizational life is more active and coordinated, regions tend to develop qualitatively as well as quantitatively, showing increases both in productivity and in such benefits as public services, housing, education, and a more balanced distribution of income. If these characteristics are absent, regions may be industrialized but do not provide a broad sharing of the benefits. Walton places a good deal of emphasis on the role of foreign investments, demonstrating that the more penetrated regions are also the less developed. Finally, the results of these studies are used to evaluate and advance theories of underdevelopment and particularly of economic dependency.
Author : Pedro López-Roldán
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030484424
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America written by Pedro López-Roldán and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access volume identifies the common and specific aspects of social mechanisms that generate inequalities, through comparative analyses of different dimensions in which inequalities are expressed. It includes studies on social inequalities in 5 European and 5 Latin American countries, along 11 thematic axes: inequalities in the labour market and labour trajectories; asymmetries in the relationship between training and employment; inequalities in work and family life; educational inequalities; geographical and social inequalities: ethnicity and language; social inequalities, migration and space; uncertainty, strategies, resources and capabilities; inequality of opportunity: intergenerational social mobility; social policies; gender inequalities; and research methodology. This volume is the result of a large collaborative project on social inequality funded by the European Commission: the International Network for Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities. Taking into account diverse perspectives and approximations, the collaborators have created a general analytical framework as a model of analysis of social inequalities. The various contributions in this volume help readers gain a global outlook and help reflect on social inequalities in a comparative perspective. This volume addresses social science graduate and postgraduate students, researchers, social policy makers, as well as a broader academic audience interested in social inequality.
Author : María Eugenia Rausky
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030009017
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Living and Working in Poverty in Latin America written by María Eugenia Rausky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume studies the complex interrelation of poverty, work, and different stages in the life course, and how it contributes to the permanent existence of poverty and inequality in vulnerable groups in society. Mechanisms of productions and reproduction of these relationships are identified through empirical research carried out in four Latin American countries: Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, and Cuba. This book centers on the experiences of individuals in those less favored social groups who may have suffered structural poverty for decades, or who may have been simply deprived of a basic income to cover their most essential needs.
Author : Vegard Iversen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192896857
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)
Download or read book Social Mobility in Developing Countries written by Vegard Iversen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-06 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social mobility is the hope of economic development and the mantra of a good society. There are disagreements about what constitutes social mobility, but there is broad agreement that people should have roughly equal chances of success regardless of their economic status at birth. Concerns about rising inequality have engendered a renewed interest in social mobility--especially in the developing world. However, efforts to construct the databases and meet the standards required for conventional analyses of social mobility are at a preliminary stage and need to be complemented by innovative, conceptual, and methodological advances. If forms of mobility have slowed in the West, then we might be entering an age of rigid stratification with defined boundaries between the always-haves and the never-haves-which does not augur well for social stability. Social mobility research is ongoing, with substantive findings in different disciplines--typically with researchers in isolation from each other. A key contribution of this book is the pulling together of the emerging streams of knowledge. Generating policy-relevant knowledge is a principal concern. Three basic questions frame the study of diverse aspects of social mobility in the book. How to assess the extent of social mobility in a given development context when the datasets by conventional measurement techniques are unavailable? How to identify drivers and inhibitors of social mobility in particular developing country contexts? How to acquire the knowledge required to design interventions to raise social mobility, either by increasing upward mobility or by lowering downward mobility?
Author : Alejandro Foxley
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137596821
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)
Download or read book Innovation and Inclusion in Latin America written by Alejandro Foxley and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-06 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that Latin America must confront two main challenges: greater innovation to increase productivity, and greater inclusion to incorporate more of the population into the benefits of economic growth. These two tasks are interrelated, and both require greater institutional capacity to facilitate both innovation and inclusion. Most countries in Latin America are struggling to escape what economists label “the middle income trap.” While much if not all of the region has emerged from low income status, neither growth nor productivity has increased sufficiently to enable Latin America to narrow the gap separating it from the world’s most developed economies. Although income inequality has diminished across much of the region in recent years, social vulnerability remains widespread and institutional weaknesses continue to plague efforts to achieve equitable development. This volume identifies lessons that can be learned and adapted from experiences within the region and in East Asia, where the middle income trap has largely been avoided. This book is the result of a collaborative project undertaken by American University’s Center for Latin American & Latino Studies (CLALS) and the Corporation for Latin American Studies (CIEPLAN) in Chile, with financial support from the Inter-American Development Bank’s Office of Strategic Planning and Development Effectiveness.
Author : Joseph S. Tulchin
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781555878436
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (784 download)
Download or read book Social Development in Latin America written by Joseph S. Tulchin and published by Lynne Rienner Publishers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a wide-ranging analysis of social welfare reform in Latin America, examining in particular the politics involved in implementing difficult and controversial social policies that often pit the middle strata of society, represented by powerful stakeholders, against the poor.
