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Contemporary Middle Class In Latin America
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Book Synopsis Contemporary Middle Class in Latin America by : Omar Pereyra
Download or read book Contemporary Middle Class in Latin America written by Omar Pereyra and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the transformation of the contemporary Peruvian middle class. Scholars interested in Latin American stratification and urbanization will find this book informative about two oft neglected, but highly relevant, topics in the region: the middle classes and the formal area of the city.
Book Synopsis Economic Mobility and the Rise of the Latin American Middle Class by : Francisco H. G. Ferreira
Download or read book Economic Mobility and the Rise of the Latin American Middle Class written by Francisco H. G. Ferreira and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-11-09 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After decades of stagnation, the size of Latin America's middle class recently expanded to the point where, for the first time ever, the number of people in poverty is equal to the size of the middle class. This volume investigates the nature, determinants and possible consequences of this remarkable process of social transformation. We propose an original definition of the middle class, tailor-made for Latin America, centered on the concept of economic security and thus a low probability of falling into poverty. Given our definition of the middle class, there are four, not three, classes in Latin America. Sandwiched between the poor and the middle class there lies a large group of people who appear to make ends meet well enough, but do not enjoy the economic security that would be required for membership of the middle class. We call this group the 'vulnerable'. In an almost mechanical sense, these transformations in Latin America reflect both economic growth and declining inequality in over the period. We adopt a measure of mobility that decomposes the 'gainers' and 'losers' in society by social class of each household. The continent has experienced a large amount of churning over the last 15 years, at least 43% of all Latin Americans changed social classes between the mid 1990s and the end of the 2000s. Despite the upward mobility trend, intergenerational mobility, a better proxy for inequality of opportunity, remains stagnant. Educational achievement and attainment remain to be strongly dependent upon parental education levels. Despite the recent growth in pro-poor programs, the middle class has benefited disproportionally from social security transfers and are increasingly opting out from government services. Central to the region's prospects of continued progress will be its ability to harness the new middle class into a new, more inclusive social contract, where the better-off pay their fair share of taxes, and demand improved public services.
Book Synopsis Latin America's Middle Class by : David Stuart Parker
Download or read book Latin America's Middle Class written by David Stuart Parker and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As middle classes in developing countries grow in size and political power, do they foster stable democracies and prosperous, innovative economies? Or do they encourage crass materialism, bureaucratic corruption, unrealistic social demands, and ideological polarization? These questions have taken on a new urgency in recent years but they are not new, having first appeared in the mid twentieth century in debates about Latin America. At a moment when exploding middle classes in the global South increasingly capture the world's attention, these Latin American classics are ripe for revisiting. Part One of the book introduces key debates from the 1950s and 1960s, when Cold War era scholars questioned whether or not the middle class would be a force for democracy and development, to safeguard Latin America against the perceived challenge of Revolutionary Cuba. While historian John J. Johnson placed tentative faith in the positive transformative power of the "middle sectors," others were skeptical. The striking disagreements that emerge from these texts lend themselves to discussion about the definition, character, and complexity of the middle classes, and about the assumptions that underpinned twentieth-century modernization theory. Part Two brings together more recent case studies from Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Argentina, written by scholars influenced by contemporary trends in social and cultural history. These authors highlight issues of language, identity, gender, and the multiple faces and forms of power. Their studies bring flesh-and-blood Latin Americans to the forefront, reconstructing the daily lives of underpaid office workers, harried housewives and striving professionals, in order to revisit questions that the authors in Part One tended to approach abstractly. They also pay attention to changing cultural understandings and political constructions of who "the middle class" is and what it means to be middle class. Designed with the classroom and non-specialist reader in mind, the book has a comprehensive critical introduction, and each selection is preceded by a short description setting the context and introducing key themes.
Book Synopsis The Middle Classes in Latin America by : Mario Barbosa Cruz
Download or read book The Middle Classes in Latin America written by Mario Barbosa Cruz and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-07-13 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a collective effort, this volume locates the formation of the middle classes at the core of the histories of Latin America in the last two centuries. Featuring scholars from different places across the Americas, it is an interdisciplinary contribution to the world histories of the middle classes, histories of Latin America, and intersectional studies. It also engages a larger audience about the importance of the middle classes to understand modernity, democracy, neoliberalism, and decoloniality. By including research produced from a variety of Latin American, North American, and other audiences, the volume incorporates trends in social history, cultural studies and discursive theory. It situates analytical categories of race and gender at the core of class formation. This volume seeks to initiate a critical and global conversation concerning the ways in which the analysis of the middle classes provides crucial re-readings of how Latin America, as a region, has historically been understood.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Contemporary Latin America by : Beatriz Armendariz
Download or read book The Economics of Contemporary Latin America written by Beatriz Armendariz and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-05-05 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of Latin America's economy focusing on development, covering the colonial roots of inequality, boom and bust cycles, labor markets, and fiscal and monetary policy. Latin America is richly endowed with natural resources, fertile land, and vibrant cultures. Yet the region remains much poorer than its neighbors to the north. Most Latin American countries have not achieved standards of living and stable institutions comparable to those found in developed countries, have experienced repeated boom-bust cycles, and remain heavily reliant on primary commodities. This book studies the historical roots of Latin America's contemporary economic and social development, focusing on poverty and income inequality dating back to colonial times. It addresses today's legacies of the market-friendly reforms that took hold in the 1980s and 1990s by examining successful stabilizations and homemade monetary and fiscal institutional reforms. It offers a detailed analysis of trade and financial liberalization, twenty–first century-growth, and the decline in poverty and income inequality. Finally, the book offers an overall analysis of inclusive growth policies for development—including gender issues and the informal sector—and the challenges that lie ahead for the region, with special attention to pressing demands by the vibrant and vocal middle class, youth unemployment, and indigenous populations.
Book Synopsis Latin America's Emerging Middle Classes by : J. Dayton-Johnson
Download or read book Latin America's Emerging Middle Classes written by J. Dayton-Johnson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-27 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Politicians, business leaders and citizens look with hope to the Latin American middle class for political stability and purchasing power, but the economic position of the middle class remains vulnerable. The contributors document the remarkable emergence of this middle group in Latin America, whose measurement turns out not to be an easy task.
Book Synopsis Mexico's Middle Class in the Neoliberal Era by : Dennis Gilbert
Download or read book Mexico's Middle Class in the Neoliberal Era written by Dennis Gilbert and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2022-07-12 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mexico’s modern middle class emerged in the decades after World War II, a period of spectacular economic growth and social change. Though little studied, the middle class now accounts for one in five Mexican households. This path-breaking book explores the changing fortunes and political transformation of the middle class, especially during the last two decades, as Mexico has adopted new, market-oriented economic policies and has abandoned one-party rule. Blending the personal narratives of middle-class Mexicans with analyses of national surveys of households and voters, Dennis Gilbert traces the development of the middle class since the 1940s. He describes how middle-class Mexicans were affected by the economic upheavals of the 1980s and 1990s and examines their shifting relations with the ruling Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI). Long faithful to the PRI, the middle class gradually grew disenchanted. Gilbert examines middle-class reactions to the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre, the 1982 debt crisis, the government’s feeble response to the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, and its brazen manipulation of the vote count in the 1988 presidential election. Drawing on detailed interviews with Mexican families, he describes the effects of the 1994–95 peso crisis on middle-class households and their economic and political responses to it. His analysis of exit poll data from the 2000 elections shows that the lopsided middle-class vote in favor of opposition candidate Vicente Fox played a critical role in the election that drove the PRI from power after seven decades. The book closes with an epilogue on the middle class and the July 2006 presidential elections.
Book Synopsis The New Black Middle Class in South Africa by : Roger Southall
Download or read book The New Black Middle Class in South Africa written by Roger Southall and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2016 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the most comprehensive account since the early 1960s of South Africa's black middle class.
Book Synopsis The New Pakistani Middle Class by : Ammara Maqsood
Download or read book The New Pakistani Middle Class written by Ammara Maqsood and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Images of religious extremism and violence in Pakistan—and the narratives that interpret them—inform global events but also twist back to shape local class politics. Ammara Maqsood focuses on life in Lahore, where she untangles these narratives to show how central they are for understanding competition between middle-class groups.
Book Synopsis The Global Middle Classes by : Rachel Heiman
Download or read book The Global Middle Classes written by Rachel Heiman and published by School for Advanced Research Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surging middle-class aspirations and anxieties throughout the world have recently compelled anthropologists to pay serious attention to middle classes and middle-class spaces, sentiments, lifestyles, labors, and civic engagements. Middle classness has become a powerful category for self-identification, as political and corporate leaders increasingly hail "the middle classes" as the ideal subject-citizenry. Ethnographically rich and culturally particular, the essays in this volume elucidate middle-class experience and discourse and in so doing add critical nuance to theories of class itself.
Book Synopsis Two Cities of Latin America by : Andrew Hunter Whiteford
Download or read book Two Cities of Latin America written by Andrew Hunter Whiteford and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cradle of the Middle Class by : Mary P. Ryan
Download or read book Cradle of the Middle Class written by Mary P. Ryan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1981 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 1981 Bancroft Prize. Focusing primarily on the middle class, this study delineates the social, intellectual and psychological transformation of the American family from 1780-1865. Examines the emergence of the privatized middle-class family with its sharp division of male and female roles.
Book Synopsis Makers of Democracy by : A. Ricardo López-Pedreros
Download or read book Makers of Democracy written by A. Ricardo López-Pedreros and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Makers of Democracy A. Ricardo López-Pedreros traces the ways in which a thriving middle class was understood to be a foundational marker of democracy in Colombia during the second half of the twentieth century. Drawing on a wide array of sources ranging from training manuals and oral histories to school and business archives, López-Pedreros shows how the Colombian middle class created a model of democracy based on free-market ideologies, private property rights, material inequality, and an emphasis on a masculine work culture. This model, which naturalized class and gender hierarchies, provided the groundwork for Colombia's later adoption of neoliberalism and inspired the emergence of alternate models of democracy and social hierarchies in the 1960s and 1970s that helped foment political radicalization. By highlighting the contested relationships between class, gender, economics, and politics, López-Pedreros theorizes democracy as a historically unstable practice that exacerbated multiple forms of domination, thereby prompting a rethinking of the formation of democracies throughout the Americas.
Book Synopsis Citizenship in the Latin American Upper and Middle Classes by : Fiorella Montero-Diaz
Download or read book Citizenship in the Latin American Upper and Middle Classes written by Fiorella Montero-Diaz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of citizenship has long affected Latin America, simultaneously producing inclusion and exclusion, division and unity. Its narrative and practice both reflect and contribute to the region’s profound inequalities. However, citizenship is usually studied on the margins of society. Despite substantial public interest in recent mass mobilizations, the middle and upper classes are rarely approached as political agents or citizens. As the region’s middle classes continue to grow and new elites develop, their importance can only increase. This interdisciplinary volume addresses this gap, showcasing recent ethnographic research on middle- and upper-class citizenship in contemporary Latin America. It explores how the region’s middle and upper classes constitute themselves as citizens through politics and culture, and questions how these processes interact with the construction of difference and commonality, division and unity. Subsequently, this collection highlights how elite citizenships are constructed in dialogue with other identities, how these co-constructions reproduce or challenge inequality, and whether they have the potential to bring about change. Citizenship in the Latin American Upper and Middle Classes will appeal to scholars, advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students interested in fields such as Latin American Studies, Citizenship Studies, Political Science and Cultural Studies; and to a general readership interested in Latin American politics and society.
Book Synopsis Chile's Middle Class by : Larissa Adler de Lomnitz
Download or read book Chile's Middle Class written by Larissa Adler de Lomnitz and published by Lynne Rienner Pub. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past ten years, most Latin American countries have experienced dramatic economic changes as a result of their enormous debt burden, with a diminished economic role for the state and a consequent drastic cut in state social expenditures. The authors of this provocative book explore the clearly negative impact of these changes on the middle class in Chile, where the military government was able to take draconian measures in applying the neoliberal model, without fear of political opposition.
Book Synopsis How’s Life in Latin America? Measuring Well-being for Policy Making by : OECD
Download or read book How’s Life in Latin America? Measuring Well-being for Policy Making written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-10-28 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many Latin American countries have experienced improvements in income over recent decades, with several of them now classified as high-income or upper middle-income in terms of conventional metrics. But has this change been mirrored in improvements across the different areas of people’s lives? How’s Life in Latin America? Measuring Well-being for Policy Making addresses this question by presenting comparative evidence for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) with a focus on 11 LAC countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay).
Book Synopsis Intimate Ironies by : Brian P. Owensby
Download or read book Intimate Ironies written by Brian P. Owensby and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the period between 1920 and 1950, the author looks beyond ideologies to reveal how middle-class men and women strained to wrest order from the ordeal of change.
