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Section 702 Of The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
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Author :Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781548261573 Total Pages :102 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (615 download)
Book Synopsis Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act by : Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives
Download or read book Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act written by Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In February of 2016, the Judiciary Committee held a classified hearing that began consideration of the reauthorization of the FISA Amendments Act, which was first signed into law in 2008 and reauthorized in 2012. Much has happened since the law was last reauthorized, however, including the unauthorized disclosures of classified information by Edward Snowden in 2013 that spawned significant public debate on U.S. Government surveillance. There has been jurisprudence upholding the statute's constitutionality. Like congressional oversight, judicial oversight of this program is an integral safeguard. Congress enacted FISA in 1978 to establish statutory guidelines authorizing the use of electronic surveillance in the United States for foreign intelligence purposes. Following enactment, global communications infrastructure shifted from satellite to fiberoptic wire, altering the manner in which domestic and foreign communications are transmitted. This technological shift had the adverse and unintended effect of requiring the government to obtain an individualized FISA court order to monitor foreign communications by non-U.S. persons. In 2008, the FISA Amendments Act established procedures for the collection of foreign intelligence on targets located outside U.S. borders. At its core, Section 702 of the act permits the attorney general and the director of national intelligence to jointly authorize the targeting of non-U.S. persons reasonably believed to be located outside the United States. The intelligence community has deemed Section 702 its most important tool in battling terrorism. However, it has also been criticized by some as an overly broad program that collects communications of U.S. citizens without sufficient legal process.
Book Synopsis Report on the Surveillance Program Operated Pursuant to Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act by : David Medine
Download or read book Report on the Surveillance Program Operated Pursuant to Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act written by David Medine and published by . This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2008, Congress enacted the FISA Amendments Act, which made changes to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA). Those changes included a new provision, Section 702, permitting the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence to jointly authorize surveillance conducted within the U.S. but targeting only non-U.S. persons reasonably believed to be located outside the U.S. The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (PCLOB) began reviewing implementation of the FISA Amendments Act early in 2013, shortly after the Board began operations as an independent agency. This report contains PCLOB's detailed analysis of the Section 702 program, with a focus on increasing transparency to the public regarding the surveillance program. It addresses the Section 702 program's development and operation, statutory basis, constitutional implications, and whether it strikes the right balance between national security and privacy and civil liberties, and will make recommendations for policy reforms. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Power Wars written by Charlie Savage and published by Little, Brown. This book was released on 2015-11-03 with total page 1161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Charlie Savage's penetrating investigation of the Obama presidency and the national security state. Barack Obama campaigned on changing George W. Bush's "global war on terror" but ended up entrenching extraordinary executive powers, from warrantless surveillance and indefinite detention to military commissions and targeted killings. Then Obama found himself bequeathing those authorities to Donald Trump. How did the United States get here? In Power Wars, Charlie Savage reveals high-level national security legal and policy deliberations in a way no one has done before. He tells inside stories of how Obama came to order the drone killing of an American citizen, preside over an unprecendented crackdown on leaks, and keep a then-secret program that logged every American's phone calls. Encompassing the first comprehensive history of NSA surveillance over the past forty years as well as new information about the Osama bin Laden raid, Power Wars equips readers to understand the legacy of Bush's and Obama's post-9/11 presidencies in the Trump era.
Book Synopsis Report on the Surveillance Program Operated Pursuant to Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act by : Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board
Download or read book Report on the Surveillance Program Operated Pursuant to Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act written by Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-07-23 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report, issued by the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, examines the collection of electronic communications under Section 702, and provides analysis and recommendations regarding the program's implementation. Section 702 has its roots in the President's Surveillance Program developed in the immediate aftermath of the September 11th attacks. The Section 702 program is extremely complex, involving multiple agencies, collecting multiple types of information, for multiple purposes. Although U.S. persons may not be targeted under Section 702, communications of or concerning U.S. persons may be acquired in a variety of ways. An example is when a U.S. person communicates with a non-U.S. person who has been targeted, resulting in what is termed "incidental" collection. Another example is when two non-U.S. persons discuss a U.S. person. Communications of or concerning U.S. persons that are acquired in these ways may be retained and used by the government, subject to applicable rules and requirements. The communications of U.S. persons may also be collected by mistake, as when a U.S. person is erroneously targeted or in the event of a technological malfunction, resulting in "inadvertent" collection. Overall, the Board has found that the information the program collects has been valuable and effective in protecting the nation's security and producing useful foreign intelligence.
Book Synopsis The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act by : Elizabeth B. Bazan
Download or read book The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act written by Elizabeth B. Bazan and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Overview & Modifications.
Book Synopsis Surveillance of Foreigners Outside the United States Under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) by : Edward C. Liu
Download or read book Surveillance of Foreigners Outside the United States Under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) written by Edward C. Liu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bulk Collection of Signals Intelligence by : National Research Council
Download or read book Bulk Collection of Signals Intelligence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulk Collection of Signals Intelligence: Technical Options study is a result of an activity called for in Presidential Policy Directive 28 (PPD-28), issued by President Obama in January 2014, to evaluate U.S. signals intelligence practices. The directive instructed the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) to produce a report within one year "assessing the feasibility of creating software that would allow the intelligence community more easily to conduct targeted information acquisition rather than bulk collection." ODNI asked the National Research Council (NRC) -- the operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering -- to conduct a study, which began in June 2014, to assist in preparing a response to the President. Over the ensuing months, a committee of experts appointed by the Research Council produced the report.
Book Synopsis Modernization of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act by : United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence
Download or read book Modernization of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act written by United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :The Federal Bureau of Investigation Publisher :Skyhorse Publishing Inc. ISBN 13 :1616085495 Total Pages :273 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (16 download)
Book Synopsis Domestic Investigations and Operations Guide by : The Federal Bureau of Investigation
Download or read book Domestic Investigations and Operations Guide written by The Federal Bureau of Investigation and published by Skyhorse Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the guidelines the FBI uses in their operations, including protection of First Amendment rights, electronic surveillance, and acquisition of foreign intelligence.
Book Synopsis Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book by :
Download or read book Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Criminal Laws and Procedures Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :148 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (327 download)
Book Synopsis Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1976 by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Criminal Laws and Procedures
Download or read book Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1976 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Criminal Laws and Procedures and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and Its Ramifications by : Brett J. Wills
Download or read book The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and Its Ramifications written by Brett J. Wills and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an overview of The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), which was passed in 1978 and provides a statutory framework for the use of electronic surveillance in the context of foreign intelligence gathering. Congress sought to strike a delicate balance between national security interests and personal privacy rights. Subsequent legislation expanded federal laws dealing with foreign intelligence gathering to address physical searches, pen registers and trap and trace devices and access to certain business records. The Patriot Act of 2001 made significant changes to some of these provisions. In addressing international terrorism or espionage, the same factual situation may be the focus of both criminal investigations and foreign intelligence collection efforts. Some of these changes in FISA under these public laws are intended, in part, to facilitate information sharing between law enforcement and intelligence elements. In its Final Report, the 9/11 Commission noted that the removal of the pre-9/11 "wall" between intelligence and law enforcement "has opened up new opportunities for co-operative action within the FBI".
Book Synopsis Warrantless Surveillance and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
Download or read book Warrantless Surveillance and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Future of Foreign Intelligence by : Laura K. Donohue
Download or read book The Future of Foreign Intelligence written by Laura K. Donohue and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-23 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Revolutionary War, America's military and political leaders have recognized that U.S. national security depends upon the collection of intelligence. Absent information about foreign threats, the thinking went, the country and its citizens stood in great peril. To address this, the Courts and Congress have historically given the President broad leeway to obtain foreign intelligence. But in order to find information about an individual in the United States, the executive branch had to demonstrate that the person was an agent of a foreign power. Today, that barrier no longer exists. The intelligence community now collects massive amounts of data and then looks for potential threats to the United States. As renowned national security law scholar Laura K. Donohue explains in The Future of Foreign Intelligence, global communications systems and digital technologies have changed our lives in countless ways. But they have also contributed to a worrying transformation. Together with statutory alterations instituted in the wake of 9/11, and secret legal interpretations that have only recently become public, new and emerging technologies have radically expanded the amount and type of information that the government collects about U.S. citizens. Traditionally, for national security, the Courts have allowed weaker Fourth Amendment standards for search and seizure than those that mark criminal law. Information that is being collected for foreign intelligence purposes, though, is now being used for criminal prosecution. The expansion in the government's acquisition of private information, and the convergence between national security and criminal law threaten individual liberty. Donohue traces the evolution of U.S. foreign intelligence law and pairs it with the progress of Fourth Amendment jurisprudence. She argues that the bulk collection programs instituted by the National Security Agency amount to a general warrant, the prevention of which was the reason the Founders introduced the Fourth Amendment. The expansion of foreign intelligence surveillanceleant momentum by advances in technology, the Global War on Terror, and the emphasis on securing the homelandnow threatens to consume protections essential to privacy, which is a necessary component of a healthy democracy. Donohue offers a road map for reining in the national security state's expansive reach, arguing for a judicial re-evaluation of third party doctrine and statutory reform that will force the executive branch to take privacy seriously, even as Congress provides for the collection of intelligence central to U.S. national security. Alarming and penetrating, this is essential reading for anyone interested in the future of foreign intelligence and privacy in the United States.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :132 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice
Download or read book Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :President's Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies, The Publisher :Princeton University Press ISBN 13 :1400851270 Total Pages :288 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (8 download)
Book Synopsis The NSA Report by : President's Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies, The
Download or read book The NSA Report written by President's Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies, The and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The official report that has shaped the international debate about NSA surveillance "We cannot discount the risk, in light of the lessons of our own history, that at some point in the future, high-level government officials will decide that this massive database of extraordinarily sensitive private information is there for the plucking. Americans must never make the mistake of wholly 'trusting' our public officials."—The NSA Report This is the official report that is helping shape the international debate about the unprecedented surveillance activities of the National Security Agency. Commissioned by President Obama following disclosures by former NSA contractor Edward J. Snowden, and written by a preeminent group of intelligence and legal experts, the report examines the extent of NSA programs and calls for dozens of urgent and practical reforms. The result is a blueprint showing how the government can reaffirm its commitment to privacy and civil liberties—without compromising national security.
Book Synopsis Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act by : Markus Korjus
Download or read book Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act written by Markus Korjus and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current legislative and oversight activity with respect to electronic surveillance under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) has drawn national attention to several overarching issues. This book outlines three such issues and touches upon some of the perspectives reflected in the ongoing debate. These issues include the inherent and often dynamic tension between national security and civil liberties, particularly rights of privacy and free speech; the need for the intelligence community to be able to efficiently and effectively collect foreign intelligence information from the communications of foreign persons located outside the United States in a changing, fast-paced, and technologically sophisticated international environment or from United States persons abroad, and the differing approaches suggested to meet this need; and limitations of liability for those electronic communication service providers who furnish aid to the federal government in its foreign intelligence collection. Two constitutional provisions are implicated in this debate - the Fourth and Fifth Amendments.
