Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Rubber Tear

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Scanning Electron Microscopy of Rubber Tear

Author : Willard D. Bascom
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Scanning Electron Microscopy of Rubber Tear by : Willard D. Bascom

Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy of Rubber Tear written by Willard D. Bascom and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A simple technique was devised for SEM observation into tears or cuts in rubber or other flexible polymers. A rectangular specimen (about 2 x 1 x 0.5 cm) was held in a bent configuration in a SEM holder and a shallow razor cut made at the top of the bend. Tensile stresses cause the rubber to tear and advance the cut depth. Observing along the tearing direction the highly stressed rubber at the tear tip (damage zone) could be observed in detail. A number of commercial rubbers including natural, nitrile, neoprene, polybutadiene and fluorocarbon compositions were examined using this technique. Initially, the stressed rubber at the tear tip was more or less continuous although some structure and occasionally cavitation were observed at high magnifications (> 5000X). Removal of the specimens from the microscope and exposure to laboratory air resulted in gradual (2-20 hr) development of an open network of fibers and nodules, due to oxygen/ozone attack on the stressed rubber. The process resembled the slow relaxation of a stretched film of a highly viscous liquid under the action of surface forces. The rate of the network formation was generally proportional to the oxidation resistance of the rubber. The significance of these observations is discussed in reference to the practice of cyclizing rubber surfaces as a pretreatment for adhesive bonding. (Author).

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Scanning Electron Microscopy by :

Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1968-77 include the proceedings of the annual Scanning Electron Microscope Symposium, sponsored by the IIT Research Institute, and other workshops.

Rubber Nano Blends

Author : Gordana Markovic
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319487205
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Rubber Nano Blends by : Gordana Markovic

Download or read book Rubber Nano Blends written by Gordana Markovic and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the preparation, characterization and applications of rubber based nano blends. Rubbers from natural and synthetic polymers and their blends are discussed in the individual chapters, including nitrile, polyurethane, chlorosulphonated, polybutadiene, styrene butadiene, polychloroprene rubbers. In each chapter, contributors from academia and industry describe the preparation and characterization of the rubber blends. Therefore, a variety of characterization methods like tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamical mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, electron microscopy, scattering and diffraction techniques, and rheology measurements are utilized. The authors evaluate the properties of the different materials and discuss numerous fields of application, ranging from biomedicine, packaging, coatings and automobile to aerospace.

Fatigue of Materials II

Author : T.S. Srivatsan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319481053
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Fatigue of Materials II by : T.S. Srivatsan

Download or read book Fatigue of Materials II written by T.S. Srivatsan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-06 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in this collection cover a diverse range of topics on the topic of fatigue of materials. The editors have grouped the papers into five sections. Sections 1 and 2 contain papers that (i) review the current state of knowledge both related and relevant to the subject of fatigue behavior of materials, and (ii) present new, innovative, and emerging techniques for experimental evaluation of the fatigue behavior. Sections 3 and 4 focus on advanced materials that are used in performance-critical applications in the aerospace and automotive industries, such as the alloys of titanium, nickel, aluminum, and magnesium. Section 5 presents papers relating to other materials of engineering interest, such as iron and steel, polymer, rubber, and composites.

Report of NRL Progress

Author : Naval Research Laboratory (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Report of NRL Progress by : Naval Research Laboratory (U.S.)

Download or read book Report of NRL Progress written by Naval Research Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fractography of Rubbery Materials

Author : Anil K. Bhowmick
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Fractography of Rubbery Materials by : Anil K. Bhowmick

Download or read book Fractography of Rubbery Materials written by Anil K. Bhowmick and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of the best efforts of technologists, rubber components fail in service from time to time. In some cases replacement of a particular item serves the purpose, but in others the failure may lead to serious consequences involving financial loss, environmental contamination or loss of life. The fractographer is required to establish the root causes in terms of design, choice, and quality of material, and to determine the mechanism of failure based on the nature/details or appearance of fracture surfaces. It is the purpose of the present book to treat under a single title the morphology of fracture surfaces obtained from tear, fatigue, abrasion and combinations of these. The book attempts to analyse fracture surfaces of simple rubber and rubber components and to correlate the failure/strength properties with the morphology of fracture surface. Although there is literature coming out from every corner of the world on fracture surface morphology, there is no single book devoted to this important class of material, namely rubber. Needless to say a similar attempt in the field of metallurgy has solved many intricate problems which are beyond the reach of simple mathematical analysis. The first six chapters deal with simple rubber and rubber-based com posites failed under controlled mode, namely, tensile, tear, fatigue, and abrasion. The remaining four chapters deal with the failure of rubber products and, hence, involve complicated analyses. As such, this book may serve as a guideline for further development of the subject in this field.

Constitutive Models for Rubber IV

Author : Per-Erik Austrell
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351458272
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis Constitutive Models for Rubber IV by : Per-Erik Austrell

Download or read book Constitutive Models for Rubber IV written by Per-Erik Austrell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unique properties of elastomeric materials offer numerous advantages in many engineering applications. Elastomeric units are used as couplings or mountings between rigid components, for example in shock absorbers, vibration insulators, flexible joints, seals and suspensions, etc. However, the complicated nature of the behaviour of such material makes it difficult to accurately predict the performance of these units using finite element modelling, for example. It is imperative that constitutive models accurately capture relevant aspects of mechanical behaviour. The latest developments concerning constitutive modelling of rubber is collected in these Proceedings. Topics included in this volume are, Hyperelastic models, Strength, fracture & fatigue, Dynamic properties & the Fletcher-Gent effect, Micro-mechanical & statistical approaches, Stress softening, iscoelasticity, Filler reinforcement, and Tyres, fibre & cord reinforced rubber.

An Atlas of Polymer Damage

Author : Lothar Engel
Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis An Atlas of Polymer Damage by : Lothar Engel

Download or read book An Atlas of Polymer Damage written by Lothar Engel and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1981 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good,No Highlights,No Markup,all pages are intact, Slight Shelfwear,may have the corners slightly dented, may have slight color changes/slightly damaged spine.

Rubber Products

Author : Bireswar Banerjee
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 311066853X
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Rubber Products by : Bireswar Banerjee

Download or read book Rubber Products written by Bireswar Banerjee and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-04-22 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rubber Products describes cost-effective and environmentally friendly technologies in the field of rubber. The book covers rubber compounding, innovations in rubber-based products, devulcanisation of cured rubber and provides lean management techniques. It explains the commercial advantages of graphene-rubber nanocomposites, details the morphology of most common reinforcing carbon blacks and explores innovative applications of rubber in automotive and Defence sectors. The title is also discussing potential alternative technologies which could disrupt the rubber industry in the future. All chapters are written by prominent rubber scientists from both the industry and academia.

Natural Rubber

Author : M.R. Sethuraj
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444597808
Total Pages : 623 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Rubber by : M.R. Sethuraj

Download or read book Natural Rubber written by M.R. Sethuraj and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No other book on natural rubber covers such a broad spectrum of subjects as this unique publication. Subjects related to the biology, cultivation and technology of natural rubber are dealt with, along with such important aspects as its history, production and processing, through to its sophisticated engineering applications. Every chapter follows a monograph style of presentation, with comprehensive citations and depth of treatment. Contributions from highly experienced, and still active, renowned scientists reflect the truly international effort to the development of this commodity. In addition to the wealth of information presented, most of the chapters contain elaborate lists of earlier contributions in the respective fields; one chapter each has been included on rubber wood, ancillary products and guayule.

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

In-situ Structure Characterization of Elastomers during Deformation and Fracture

Author : Karsten Brüning
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319069071
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis In-situ Structure Characterization of Elastomers during Deformation and Fracture by : Karsten Brüning

Download or read book In-situ Structure Characterization of Elastomers during Deformation and Fracture written by Karsten Brüning and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-21 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis offers novel insights into the time-dependent structural evolution of polymers under deformation. In-situ tensile experiments at high-brilliance synchrotron sources allowed to characterize the material with unrivaled resolution in time and space. The strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber was studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Special emphasis was put on the establishment of new structure-property relationships to give a more in-depth understanding of the mechanical performance of rubber parts, e.g. in tear fatigue loading. To this end, the kinetics of strain-induced crystallization were investigated, subjecting the material to high strain rates. The local structure around a crack tip was observed by scanning wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Ultra-small angle X-ray scattering served to study filled elastomers under deformation, from specially prepared model filler systems to industrially relevant carbon black filled rubbers. Other methods include electron microscopy coupled with in-situ tensile testing and optical dilatometry to examine cavitation in rubbers. The underlying theory as well as a literature review are covered by an extensive introductory chapter, followed by a description of the experimental techniques. The results are presented in more detail than in the original journal publications.

Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Rubber Industry

Author : Ronald W. Smith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Rubber Industry by : Ronald W. Smith

Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Rubber Industry written by Ronald W. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Elastomers

Author : Anil K. Bhowmick
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482270366
Total Pages : 941 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Elastomers by : Anil K. Bhowmick

Download or read book Handbook of Elastomers written by Anil K. Bhowmick and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 941 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the latest authoritative research on the developments, technology, and applications of rubbery materials. Presents structures, manufacturing techniques, and processing details for natural and synthetic rubbers, rubber-blends, rubber composites, and thermoplastic elastomers. 80% revised and rewritten material covers major advances since publication of the previous edition.

Tyre Retreading

Author : Bireswar Banerjee
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110643898
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Tyre Retreading by : Bireswar Banerjee

Download or read book Tyre Retreading written by Bireswar Banerjee and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the different elastomers utilized in tyre retreading. Among others, it discusses reinforcing fillers in terms of their efficacy, the use of bonding agents, and their relevance to the tyre retreading process. The authors give specific guidelines for the practical compounding of different rubber compounds to make retread. A practical approach is also taken to describing the manufacturing technology used in tyre retreading.

Short Fibre-Polymer Composites

Author : S K De
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781855732209
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (322 download)

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Book Synopsis Short Fibre-Polymer Composites by : S K De

Download or read book Short Fibre-Polymer Composites written by S K De and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 1996-07-03 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed insight into short fibers of different types (metallic and organic) in a polymer matrix, as well as reporting on the design considerations and applications of such composites. It relates unparalleled research into a diverse range of composites.

Mineral-Filled Polymer Composites Handbook, Two-Volume Set

Author : Hanafi Ismail
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000465268
Total Pages : 542 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Mineral-Filled Polymer Composites Handbook, Two-Volume Set by : Hanafi Ismail

Download or read book Mineral-Filled Polymer Composites Handbook, Two-Volume Set written by Hanafi Ismail and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-07-30 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mineral-filled polymer composites exhibit several advantages that make this material class attractive for a variety of applications, including their low cost, light weight, excellent rigidity, and high mechanical strength. Mineral-Filled Polymer Composites Handbook serves as a comprehensive overview of the latest research, trends, applications, and future directions of advanced mineral fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Comprised of 2 volumes: Mineral-Filled Polymer Composites: Perspective, Properties, and New Materials Mineral-Filled Polymer Composites: Selection, Processing, and Applications Presents details on processing, applications, and ageing of macro- to nanosized mineral reinforced polymer composites Examines fabrication techniques, novel synthesis methods, and mechanical behavior, thermal, flammability, and functional properties of a wide array of mineral filled polymer composite materials Covers a broad range of different research fields, including organic and inorganic filler used in the development of composites for various types of engineering applications Offers the latest developments in nano/micromineral-based polymer composites This book serves as an excellent reference guide for researchers, advanced students, academics, and industry professionals interested in the synthesis of mineral-filled polymer and biopolymer composites, as well as those pursuing research in the broad fields of composite materials, polymers, organic/inorganic hybrid materials, and nano-assembly.