Remote Sensing Of The Changing Oceans

Download Remote Sensing Of The Changing Oceans full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Remote Sensing Of The Changing Oceans ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Remote Sensing of the Changing Oceans

Author : DanLing Tang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642165419
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of the Changing Oceans by : DanLing Tang

Download or read book Remote Sensing of the Changing Oceans written by DanLing Tang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-24 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of the Changing Oceans is a comprehensive account of the basic concepts, theories, methods and applications used in ocean satellite remote sensing. The book provides a synthesis of various new ideas and theories and discusses a series of key research topics in oceanic manifestation of global changes as viewed from space. A variety of research methods used in the analysis and modeling of global changes are introduced in detail along with numerous examples from around the world’s oceans. The authors review the changing oceans at different levels, including Global and Regional Observations, Natural Hazards, Coastal Environment and related scientific issues, all from the unique perspective of Satellite Observation Systems. Thus, the book not only introduces the basics of the changing oceans, but also new developments in satellite remote sensing technology and international cooperation in this emerging field. Danling Tang (Lingzis) received her Ph.D from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. She conducted research and teaching in Hong Kong, USA, Japan, and South Korea for more than 10 years; in 2004, she received “100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences” and returned to China. She was a professor of Fudan University, and now is a Leading Professor of “Remote Sensing of Marine Ecology and Environment” at the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Dr. Tang has been working on satellite remote sensing of marine ecology and environment; her major research interests include ocean dynamics of phytoplankton bloom, global environmental changes, and natural hazards. Dr. Tang has organized several international conferences, workshops, and training, she also services as member of organizing committee for several international scientific organizations; she was the Chairman of the 9th Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC 2008), and currently is the President-elect of PORSEC Association.

Remote Sensing of the Changing Oceans

Author : Dan Ling Tang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642165405
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (654 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of the Changing Oceans by : Dan Ling Tang

Download or read book Remote Sensing of the Changing Oceans written by Dan Ling Tang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-03-26 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of the Changing Oceans is a comprehensive account of the basic concepts, theories, methods and applications used in ocean satellite remote sensing. The book provides a synthesis of various new ideas and theories and discusses a series of key research topics in oceanic manifestation of global changes as viewed from space. A variety of research methods used in the analysis and modeling of global changes are introduced in detail along with numerous examples from around the world’s oceans. The authors review the changing oceans at different levels, including Global and Regional Observations, Natural Hazards, Coastal Environment and related scientific issues, all from the unique perspective of Satellite Observation Systems. Thus, the book not only introduces the basics of the changing oceans, but also new developments in satellite remote sensing technology and international cooperation in this emerging field. Danling Tang (Lingzis) received her Ph.D from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. She conducted research and teaching in Hong Kong, USA, Japan, and South Korea for more than 10 years; in 2004, she received “100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences” and returned to China. She was a professor of Fudan University, and now is a Leading Professor of “Remote Sensing of Marine Ecology and Environment” at the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Dr. Tang has been working on satellite remote sensing of marine ecology and environment; her major research interests include ocean dynamics of phytoplankton bloom, global environmental changes, and natural hazards. Dr. Tang has organized several international conferences, workshops, and training, she also services as member of organizing committee for several international scientific organizations; she was the Chairman of the 9th Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC 2008), and currently is the President-elect of PORSEC Association.

Remote Sensing of Ocean and Coastal Environments

Author : Meenu Rani
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128231602
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Ocean and Coastal Environments by : Meenu Rani

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Ocean and Coastal Environments written by Meenu Rani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-09-27 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of Ocean and Coastal Environments advances the scientific understanding and application of technologies to address a variety of areas relating to sustainable development, including environmental systems analysis, environmental management, clean processes, green chemistry and green engineering. Through each contributed chapter, the book covers ocean remote sensing, ocean color monitoring, modeling biomass and the carbon of oceanic ecosystems, sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity, ocean monitoring for oil spills and pollutions, coastal erosion and accretion measurement. This book is aimed at those with a common interest in oceanography techniques, sustainable development and other diverse backgrounds within earth and ocean science fields. This book is ideal for academicians, scientists, environmentalists, meteorologists, environmental consultants and computing experts working in the areas of earth and ocean sciences. Provides a comprehensive assessment of various ocean processes and their relative phenomena Includes graphical abstract and photosets in each chapter Presents literature reviews, case studies and applications

Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans

Author : Xiaofeng Li
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351235818
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans by : Xiaofeng Li

Download or read book Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans written by Xiaofeng Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-12 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans cover approximately 71% of Earth’s surface, 90% of the biosphere and contains 97% of Earth’s water. Since the first launch of SEASAT satellite in 1978, an increasing number of SAR satellites have or will become available, such as the European Space Agency’s ERS-1/-2, ENVISAT, and Sentinel-1 series; the Canadian RADARSAT-1/-2 and the upcoming RADARSAT Constellation Mission series satellites; the Italian COSMO-SkyMed satellites, the German TERRASAR-X and TANDEM-X, and the Chinese GAOFEN-3 SAR, among others. Recently, European Space Agency has launched a new generation of SAR satellites, Sentinel-1A in 2014 and Sentinel-1B in 2016. These SAR satellites provide researchers with free and open SAR images necessary to carry out their research on the global oceans. The scope of Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans is to demonstrate the types of information that can be obtained from SAR images of the oceans, and the cutting-edge methods needed for analysing SAR images. Written by leading experts in the field, and divided into four sections, the book presents the basic principles of radar backscattering from the ocean surface; introduces the recent progresses in SAR remote sensing of dynamic coastal environment and management; discusses the state-of-the-art methods to monitor parameters or phenomena related to the dynamic ocean environment; and deals specifically with new techniques and findings of marine atmospheric boundary layer observations. Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans is a very comprehensive and up-to-date reference intended for use by graduate students, researchers, practitioners, and R&D engineers working in the vibrant field of oceans, interested to understand how SAR remote sensing can support oceanography research and applications.

Measuring the Oceans from Space

Author : Ian S. Robinson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540426479
Total Pages : 752 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (264 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Measuring the Oceans from Space by : Ian S. Robinson

Download or read book Measuring the Oceans from Space written by Ian S. Robinson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-06-30 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the fundamental principles of measuring oceans from space, and also contains state-of-the-art developments in data analysis and interpretation and in sensors. Completely new will be material covering advances in oceanography that have grown out of remote sensing, including some of the global applications of the data. The variety of applications of remotely sensed data to ocean science has grown significantly and new areas of science are emerging to exploit the gobal datasets being recovered by satellites, particularly in relation to climate and climate change, basin-scale, air-sea interaction processes (e.g. El Nino) and the modelling, forecasting and prediction of the ocean.

Discovering the Ocean from Space

Author : Ian S. Robinson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540683224
Total Pages : 638 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (46 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Discovering the Ocean from Space by : Ian S. Robinson

Download or read book Discovering the Ocean from Space written by Ian S. Robinson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-12 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a survey of the contribution of satellite data to the study of the ocean, focusing on the special insights that only satellite data can bring to oceanography. Topics range from ocean waves to ocean biology, spanning scales from basins to estuaries. Some chapters cover applications to pure research while others show how satellite data can be used operationally for tasks such as pollution monitoring or oil-spill detection.

An Introduction to Ocean Remote Sensing

Author : Seelye Martin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107019389
Total Pages : 541 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis An Introduction to Ocean Remote Sensing by : Seelye Martin

Download or read book An Introduction to Ocean Remote Sensing written by Seelye Martin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-27 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering significant new advances in satellite oceanography, this new edition introduces remote sensing for graduate and advanced undergraduate students.

Introduction to Satellite Remote Sensing

Author : William Emery
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128092599
Total Pages : 860 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Introduction to Satellite Remote Sensing by : William Emery

Download or read book Introduction to Satellite Remote Sensing written by William Emery and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Satellite Remote Sensing: Atmosphere, Ocean and Land Applications is the first reference book to cover ocean applications, atmospheric applications, and land applications of remote sensing. Applications of remote sensing data are finding increasing application in fields as diverse as wildlife ecology and coastal recreation management. The technology engages electromagnetic sensors to measure and monitor changes in the earth’s surface and atmosphere. The book opens with an introduction to the history of remote sensing, starting from when the phrase was first coined. It goes on to discuss the basic concepts of the various systems, including atmospheric and ocean, then closes with a detailed section on land applications. Due to the cross disciplinary nature of the authors’ experience and the content covered, this is a must have reference book for all practitioners and students requiring an introduction to the field of remote sensing. Provides study questions at the end of each chapter to aid learning Covers all satellite remote sensing technologies, allowing readers to use the text as instructional material Includes the most recent technologies and their applications, allowing the reader to stay up-to-date Delves into laser sensing (LIDAR) and commercial satellites (DigitalGlobe) Presents examples of specific satellite missions, including those in which new technology has been introduced

Polar Remote Sensing

Author : Robert Massom
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540305653
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Polar Remote Sensing by : Robert Massom

Download or read book Polar Remote Sensing written by Robert Massom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-31 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polar Remote Sensing is a two-volume work providing a comprehensive, multidisciplinary discussion of the applications of satellite sensing. Volume 2 focuses on the ice sheets, icebergs, and interactions between ice sheets and the atmosphere and ocean. It contains information about the applications of satellite remote sensing in all relevant polar related disciplines, including glaciology, meteorology, climate and radiation balance and oceanogaraphy. It also provides a brief review of the state-of-the-art of each discipline, including current issues and questions. Various passive and active remote sensor types are discussed, and the book then concentrates on specific geophysical applications. Its interdisciplinary approach means that major advances and publications are highlighted. Polar Remote Sensing: Ice Sheets summarizes fundamental principles of detectors, imaging and geophysical product retrieval includes a chapter on the important new field of satellite synthetic-aperture radar interferometry is a "one stop shop" for polar remote sensing information contains significant new information on the Earth's polar regions describes sophisticated groundbased remote sensing applications with specific reference to their use in polar regions.

Oceanography from Space

Author : Vittorio Barale
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048186811
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Oceanography from Space by : Vittorio Barale

Download or read book Oceanography from Space written by Vittorio Barale and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-26 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To all those sailors / Who dreamed before us / Of another way to sail the oceans. The dedication of this Volume is meant to recall, and honour, the bold pioneers of ocean exploration, ancient as well as modern. As a marine scientist, dealing with the oceans through the complex tools, ?lters and mechanisms of contemporary research, I have always wondered what it was like, in centuries past, to look at that vast ho- zon with the naked eye, not knowing what was ahead, and yet to sail on. I have tried to imagine what ancient sailors felt, when “the unknown swirls around and engulfs the mind”, as a forgotten author simply described the brave, perhaps reckless, act of facing such a hostile, menacing and yet fascinating adventure. Innovation has always been the key element, I think, for their success: another way, a better way, a more effective, safer and worthier way was the proper answer to the challenge. The map of our world has been changed time and again, from the geographical as well as the social, economic and scienti?c points of view, by the new discoveries of those sailors. One of the positive qualities of human beings is without doubt the inborn desire to expand their horizons, to see what lies beyond, to learn and understand.

A Strategy for Active Remote Sensing Amid Increased Demand for Radio Spectrum

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309373085
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Strategy for Active Remote Sensing Amid Increased Demand for Radio Spectrum by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book A Strategy for Active Remote Sensing Amid Increased Demand for Radio Spectrum written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-21 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Active remote sensing is the principal tool used to study and to predict short- and long-term changes in the environment of Earth - the atmosphere, the oceans and the land surfaces - as well as the near space environment of Earth. All of these measurements are essential to understanding terrestrial weather, climate change, space weather hazards, and threats from asteroids. Active remote sensing measurements are of inestimable benefit to society, as we pursue the development of a technological civilization that is economically viable, and seek to maintain the quality of our life. A Strategy for Active Remote Sensing Amid Increased Demand for Spectrum describes the threats, both current and future, to the effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum required for active remote sensing. This report offers specific recommendations for protecting and making effective use of the spectrum required for active remote sensing.

Optical Remote Sensing of Ocean Hydrodynamics

Author : Victor Raizer
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351119168
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Optical Remote Sensing of Ocean Hydrodynamics by : Victor Raizer

Download or read book Optical Remote Sensing of Ocean Hydrodynamics written by Victor Raizer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Remote Sensing is one of the main technologies used in sea surface monitoring. Optical Remote Sensing of Ocean Hydrodynamics investigates and demonstrates capabilities of optical remote sensing technology for enhanced observations and detection of ocean environments. It provides extensive knowledge of physical principles and capabilities of optical observations of the oceans at high spatial resolution, 1-4m, and on the observations of surface wave hydrodynamic processes. It also describes the implementation of spectral-statistical and fusion algorithms for analyses of multispectral optical databases and establishes physics-based criteria for detection of complex wave phenomena and hydrodynamic disturbances including assessment and management of optical databases. This book explains the physical principles of high-resolution optical imagery of the ocean surface, discusses for the first time the capabilities of observing hydrodynamic processes and events, and emphasizes the integration of optical measurements and enhanced data analysis. It also covers both the assessment and the interpretation of dynamic multispectral optical databases and includes applications for advanced studies and nonacoustic detection. This book is an invaluable resource for researches, industry professionals, engineers, and students working on cross-disciplinary problems in ocean hydrodynamics, optical remote sensing of the ocean and sea surface remote sensing. Readers in the fields of geosciences and remote sensing, applied physics, oceanography, satellite observation technology, and optical engineering will learn the theory and practice of optical interactions with the ocean.

Remote Sensing Advances for Earth System Science

Author : Diego Fernández-Prieto
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319169521
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Remote Sensing Advances for Earth System Science by : Diego Fernández-Prieto

Download or read book Remote Sensing Advances for Earth System Science written by Diego Fernández-Prieto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-13 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents cutting-edge remote sensing research, outlining the advanced use of European Space Agency (ESA) satellite data in the context of climate change. The ESA, through its Support to Science Element (STSE) Programme, funds a network of young post-doc scientists pursuing 2-year cutting-edge research projects in the field of remote sensing. This “Changing Earth Science Network” focuses on the exploitation of Earth Observation (EO) data to address major issues concerning the broader context of climate change in five scientific research domains: the oceans, atmosphere, cryosphere, land and solid earth.

Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change

Author : Sam J. Purkis
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444340255
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change by : Sam J. Purkis

Download or read book Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change written by Sam J. Purkis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-03 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing plays a key role in monitoring the various manifestations of global climate change. It is used routinely in the assessment and mapping of biodiversity over large areas, in the monitoring of changes to the physical environment, in assessing threats to various components of natural systems, and in the identification of priority areas for conservation. This book presents the fundamentals of remote sensing technology, but rather than containing lengthy explanations of sensor specifications and operation, it concentrates instead on the application of the technology to key environmental systems. Each system forms the basis of a separate chapter, and each is illustrated by real world case studies and examples. Readership The book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in earth science, environmental science, or physical geography taking a course in environmental remote sensing. It will also be an invaluable reference for environmental scientists and managers who require an overview of the use of remote sensing in monitoring and mapping environmental change at regional and global scales. Additional resources for this book can be found at: http://www.wiley.com/go/purkis/remote.

Satellite Altimetry Over Oceans and Land Surfaces

Author : Detlef Stammer
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351647814
Total Pages : 1072 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Satellite Altimetry Over Oceans and Land Surfaces by : Detlef Stammer

Download or read book Satellite Altimetry Over Oceans and Land Surfaces written by Detlef Stammer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satellite remote sensing, in particular by radar altimetry, is a crucial technique for observations of the ocean surface and of many aspects of land surfaces, and of paramount importance for climate and environmental studies. This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of the satellite altimetry techniques and related missions, and reviews the most-up-to date applications to ocean dynamics and sea level. It also discusses related space-based observations of the ocean surface and of the marine geoid, as well as applications of satellite altimetry to the cryosphere and land surface waters; operational oceanography and its applications to navigation, fishing and defense.

Polar Remote Sensing

Author : Dan Lubin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540307850
Total Pages : 868 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Polar Remote Sensing by : Dan Lubin

Download or read book Polar Remote Sensing written by Dan Lubin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-31 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The polar regions, perhaps more than any other places on Earth, give the geophysical scientist a sense of exploration. This sensibility is genuine, for not only is high-latitude ?eldwork arduous with many locations seldom or never visited, but there remains much fundamental knowledge yet to be discovered about how the polar regions interact with the global climate system. The range of opportunities for new discovery becomes strikingly clear when we realize that the high latitudes are not one region but are really two vastly di?erent worlds. The high Arctic is a frozen ocean surrounded by land, and is home to fragile ecosystems and unique modes of human habitation. The Antarctic is a frozen continent without regular human habitation, covered by ice sheets taller than many mountain ranges and surrounded by the Earth’s most forbidding ocean. When we consider global change as applied to the Arctic, we discuss impacts to a region whose surface and lower atmospheric temperatures are near the triple point of water throughout much of the year. The most consistent signatures of climate warming have occurred at northern high latitudes (IPCC, 2001), and the potential impacts of a few degrees increase in surface temperature include a reduction in sea ice extent, a positive feedback to climate warming due to lowering of surface albedo, and changes to surface runo? that might a?ect the Arctic Ocean’s salinity and circulation.

Transforming Remote Sensing Data into Information and Applications

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309183391
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Transforming Remote Sensing Data into Information and Applications by : National Research Council

Download or read book Transforming Remote Sensing Data into Information and Applications written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-12-26 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade renewed interest in practical applications of Earth observations from space has coincided with and been fueled by significant improvements in the availability of remote sensing data and in their spectral and spatial resolution. In addition, advances in complementary spatial data technologies such as geographic information systems and the Global Positioning System have permitted more varied uses of the data. During the same period, the institutions that produce remote sensing data have also become more diversified. In the United States, satellite remote sensing was until recently dominated largely by federal agencies and their private sector contractors. However, private firms are increasingly playing a more prominent role, even a leadership role, in providing satellite remote sensing data, through either public-private partnerships or the establishment of commercial entities that serve both government and private sector Earth observation needs. In addition, a large number of private sector value-adding firms have been established to work with end users of the data. These changes, some technological, some institutional, and some financial, have implications for new and continuing uses of remote sensing data. To gather data for exploring the importance of these changes and their significance for a variety of issues related to the use of remote sensing data, the Space Studies Board initiated a series of three workshops. The first, "Moving Remote Sensing from Research to Applications: Case Studies of the Knowledge Transfer Process," was held in May 2000. This report draws on data and information obtained in the workshop planning meeting with agency sponsors, information presented by workshop speakers and in splinter group discussions, and the expertise and viewpoints of the authoring Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization. The recommendations are the consensus of the steering committee and not necessarily of the workshop participants.