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Reducing Uncertainties Of Evapotranspiration And Preferential Flow In The Estimation Of Groundwater Recharge
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Book Synopsis Reducing Uncertainties of Evapotranspiration and Preferential Flow in the Estimation of Groundwater Recharge by : N. Jovanovic
Download or read book Reducing Uncertainties of Evapotranspiration and Preferential Flow in the Estimation of Groundwater Recharge written by N. Jovanovic and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of a water balance for the Atankwidi catchment, West Africa - A case study of groundwater recharge in a semi-arid climate by :
Download or read book Development of a water balance for the Atankwidi catchment, West Africa - A case study of groundwater recharge in a semi-arid climate written by and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2006-05-31 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regolith aquifers in the weathered zone overlying Precambrian basement rocks serve as the main source of groundwater in a large part of the Volta River basin in West Africa. A prerequisite for sustainable groundwater resources management is the knowledge of recharge processes and the annual recharge rate. This research assesses the water balance, and in particular the groundwater recharge rate, for the Atankwidi catchment, a 275 km² sub-catchment of the White Volta in northern Ghana. Large uncertainties are typically inherent in any singular method to determine groundwater recharge. For this reason, an integrated approach is developed in this work which makes use of several field methods and combines results from these methods with water budget modeling. Field methods included in this approach are groundwater level observations, isotope analyses and a Chloride mass balance. The Atankwidi catchment falls within the semi-arid Sudan-Savanna climate zone. The climate is characterized by high temperatures and a single rainy season from May to October with an average annual rainfall of 990 mm. The hydrogeological system consists of three aquifers: The discontinuous, shallow aquifer, the regolith aquifer and the fracture aquifer. The principal aquifer is the regolith aquifer in the weathered mantle, which is usually targeted for drinking water supply. It forms a continuous aquifer with an average saturated thickness of 25 m and a hydraulic conductivity of 2.5E-6 to 2.5E-5 m/s. Recharge rates vary considerably between wet and dry years and between locations, with a range of 2 % to 13 % of annual rainfall. The long term recharge rate is determined by the Chloride mass balance to be approximately 6 % of average annual rainfall. The research emphasizes the importance of high rainfall intensities in creating groundwater recharge. Interannual comparison of water level fluctuations shows that a decrease in annual rainfall of 20 % causes a reduction of groundwater recharge of 30 % to 60 %. The impact of changing quantities of annual rainfall on groundwater recharge is overestimated by methods that do not account for infiltration by preferential flow. A long term average groundwater recharge of 60 mm/y compares to a total current groundwater abstraction of 4 mm/y in the study area, which is one of the areas with the highest groundwater use per km² in the Volta River basin. Recharge is therefore currently not a limiting factor for groundwater resources development. Water budget modeling using WaSIM-ETH calculates that 63 % of annual rainfall is lost to evapotranspiration in a wet year (2003), and 82 % in a dry year (2004). In the investigated mesoscale catchment 23 % and 11 % of annual rainfall end up as surface run-off in a wet year and a dry year, respectively. Approximately 40 % of surface run-off consists of interflow, while the main fraction is direct run-off. Base flow from groundwater is negligible. Groundwater flow in the regolith aquifer is modeled with Visual Modflow, assuming average hydraulic conductivities as determined by pumping test evaluation. The model calculatesthat only about 5 % of groundwater recharge leaves the basin as groundwater flow. This is evidence that the regolith aquifer does not contribute to a large extent to regional groundwater flow. Leakage to localized zones of high hydraulic conductivity of the fracture aquifer, which underlies the regolith aquifer, could act as a main sink of groundwater recharge. However, the exact location and hydraulic properties of fracture zones are largely unknown, so that the flux from the regolith aquifer to these fractures as well as the amount of flow through fractures is impossible to estimate at present. Pumping tests with observation wells to assess the specific yield, long-term pumping test at the basin outlet and a continuation of groundwater hydrograph recording at high temporal resolution could largely enhance the knowledge of hydraulic properties in the future. The groundwater model could then be improved and extended to gain certainty on the characteristics of groundwater flow.
Book Synopsis Computer Programs for Describing the Recession of Ground-water Discharge and for Estimating Mean Ground-water Recharge and Discharge from Streamflow Records by : A. T. Rutledge
Download or read book Computer Programs for Describing the Recession of Ground-water Discharge and for Estimating Mean Ground-water Recharge and Discharge from Streamflow Records written by A. T. Rutledge and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Surface Water Balance for Recharge Estimation by : Lu Zhang
Download or read book Surface Water Balance for Recharge Estimation written by Lu Zhang and published by CSIRO. This book was released on 2002 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deals with the surface water balance approaches that form the traditional basis of hydrological investigations. It explores both field methods and modelling for measuring or estimating the different parts of the water balance, including rainfall, evaporation, run-off and soil water storage.
Book Synopsis Integrated Groundwater Management by : Anthony J Jakeman
Download or read book Integrated Groundwater Management written by Anthony J Jakeman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to document for the first time the dimensions and requirements of effective integrated groundwater management (IGM). Groundwater management is a formidable challenge, one that remains one of humanity’s foremost priorities. It has become a largely non-renewable resource that is overexploited in many parts of the world. In the 21st century, the issue moves from how to simply obtain the water we need to how we manage it sustainably for future generations, future economies, and future ecosystems. The focus then becomes one of understanding the drivers and current state of the groundwater resource, and restoring equilibrium to at-risk aquifers. Many interrelated dimensions, however, come to bear when trying to manage groundwater effectively. An integrated approach to groundwater necessarily involves many factors beyond the aquifer itself, such as surface water, water use, water quality, and ecohydrology. Moreover, the science by itself can only define the fundamental bounds of what is possible; effective IGM must also engage the wider community of stakeholders to develop and support policy and other socioeconomic tools needed to realize effective IGM. In order to demonstrate IGM, this book covers theory and principles, embracing: 1) an overview of the dimensions and requirements of groundwater management from an international perspective; 2) the scale of groundwater issues internationally and its links with other sectors, principally energy and climate change; 3) groundwater governance with regard to principles, instruments and institutions available for IGM; 4) biophysical constraints and the capacity and role of hydroecological and hydrogeological science including water quality concerns; and 5) necessary tools including models, data infrastructures, decision support systems and the management of uncertainty. Examples of effective, and failed, IGM are given. Throughout, the importance of the socioeconomic context that connects all effective IGM is emphasized. Taken as a whole, this work relates the many facets of effective IGM, from the catchment to global perspective.
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Groundwater Engineering by : John H. Cushman
Download or read book The Handbook of Groundwater Engineering written by John H. Cushman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition adds several new chapters and is thoroughly updated to include data on new topics such as hydraulic fracturing, CO2 sequestration, sustainable groundwater management, and more. Providing a complete treatment of the theory and practice of groundwater engineering, this new handbook also presents a current and detailed review of how to model the flow of water and the transport of contaminants both in the unsaturated and saturated zones, covers the protection of groundwater, and the remediation of contaminated groundwater.
Book Synopsis Quantifying Groundwater Recharge Dynamics Using a Process-based Distributed Hydrologic Model by : Guoting Kang
Download or read book Quantifying Groundwater Recharge Dynamics Using a Process-based Distributed Hydrologic Model written by Guoting Kang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Groundwater by : Walter Dragoni
Download or read book Climate Change and Groundwater written by Walter Dragoni and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2008 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a general consensus that for the next few decades at least, the Earth will continue its warming. This will inevitably bring about serious environmental problems. For human society, the most severe will be those related to alterations of the hydrological cycle, which is already heavily influenced by human activities. Climate change will directly affect groundwater recharge, groundwater quality and the freshwater-seawater interface. The variations of groundwater storage inevitably entail a variety of geomorphological and engineering effects. In the areas where water resources are likely to diminish, groundwater will be one of the main solutions to prevent drought. In spite of its paramount importance, the issue of 'Climate Change and Groundwater' has been neglected. This volume presents some of the current understanding of the topic.
Book Synopsis A Generalized Estimate of Ground-water-recharge Rates in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan by : David J. Holtschlag
Download or read book A Generalized Estimate of Ground-water-recharge Rates in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan written by David J. Holtschlag and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific Investigations Report by : Sharon E. Kroening
Download or read book Scientific Investigations Report written by Sharon E. Kroening and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309492432 Total Pages :29 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (National Academies Press, 2018) provides detailed guidance on how relevant federal agencies can ensure that the United States receives the maximum benefit from its investments in Earth observations from space, while operating within realistic cost constraints. This short booklet, designed to be accessible to the general public, provides a summary of the key ideas and recommendations from the full decadal survey report.
Book Synopsis Ground Water Recharge Using Waters of Impaired Quality by : National Research Council
Download or read book Ground Water Recharge Using Waters of Impaired Quality written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As demand for water increases, water managers and planners will need to look widely for ways to improve water management and augment water supplies. This book concludes that artificial recharge can be one option in an integrated strategy to optimize total water resource management and that in some cases impaired-quality water can be used effectively as a source for artificial recharge of ground water aquifers. Source water quality characteristics, pretreatment and recharge technologies, transformations during transport through the soil and aquifer, public health issues, economic feasibility, and legal and institutional considerations are addressed. The book evaluates three main types of impaired quality water sourcesâ€"treated municipal wastewater, stormwater runoff, and irrigation return flowâ€"and describes which is the most consistent in terms of quality and quantity. Also included are descriptions of seven recharge projects.
Book Synopsis Applied Groundwater Modeling by : Mary P. Anderson
Download or read book Applied Groundwater Modeling written by Mary P. Anderson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-08-13 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition is extensively revised throughout with expanded discussion of modeling fundamentals and coverage of advances in model calibration and uncertainty analysis that are revolutionizing the science of groundwater modeling. The text is intended for undergraduate and graduate level courses in applied groundwater modeling and as a comprehensive reference for environmental consultants and scientists/engineers in industry and governmental agencies. Explains how to formulate a conceptual model of a groundwater system and translate it into a numerical model Demonstrates how modeling concepts, including boundary conditions, are implemented in two groundwater flow codes-- MODFLOW (for finite differences) and FEFLOW (for finite elements) Discusses particle tracking methods and codes for flowpath analysis and advective transport of contaminants Summarizes parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis approaches using the code PEST to illustrate how concepts are implemented Discusses modeling ethics and preparation of the modeling report Includes Boxes that amplify and supplement topics covered in the text Each chapter presents lists of common modeling errors and problem sets that illustrate concepts
Book Synopsis Conceptual Models of Flow and Transport in the Fractured Vadose Zone by : National Research Council
Download or read book Conceptual Models of Flow and Transport in the Fractured Vadose Zone written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluid flow and solute transport within the vadose zone, the unsaturated zone between the land surface and the water table, can be the cause of expanded plumes arising from localized contaminant sources. An understanding of vadose zone processes is, therefore, an essential prerequisite for cost-effective contaminant remediation efforts. In addition, because such features are potential avenues for rapid transport of chemicals from contamination sources to the water table, the presence of fractures and other channel-like openings in the vadose zone poses a particularly significant problem, Conceptual Models of Flow and Transport in the Fractured Vadose Zone is based on the work of a panel established under the auspices of the U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics. It emphasizes the importance of conceptual models and goes on to review the conceptual model development, testing, and refinement processes. The book examines fluid flow and transport mechanisms, noting the difficulty of modeling solute transport, and identifies geochemical and environmental tracer data as important components of the modeling process. Finally, the book recommends several areas for continued research.
Download or read book Urban Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.
Book Synopsis Estimation of Natural Groundwater Recharge by : I. Simmers
Download or read book Estimation of Natural Groundwater Recharge written by I. Simmers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In view of the rapidly expanding urban, industrial and agri cultural water requirements in many areas and the normally associated critical unreliability of surface water supplies in arid and semi-arid zones, groundwater exploration and use is of fundamental importance for logical economic development. Two interrelated facets should be evident in all such groundwater projects : (a) definition of groundwater recharge mechanisms and characteristics for identified geological formations, in order to determine whether exploitation in the long-term involves 'mining' of an es sentially 'fossil' resource or withdrawal from a dynamic supply. A solution to this aspect is essential for development of a re source management policy: (b) determination of recharge variability in time and space to thus enable determination of total aquifer input and to quantify such practical aspects as 'minimum risk' waste disposal locations and artificial recharge potential via (e.g.) devegetation or engi neering works. However, current international developments relating to natural recharge indicate the following 'problems' ; no single comprehensive estimation technique can yet be iden tified from the spectrum of methods available; all are reported to give suspect results.
Book Synopsis Applied Drought Modeling, Prediction, and Mitigation by : Zekâi Şen
Download or read book Applied Drought Modeling, Prediction, and Mitigation written by Zekâi Şen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-08-03 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Drought Modelling, Prediction, and Mitigation provides a practical guide to new and recent methodologies for drought characterizations, change modeling, down-scaling, and future predictions. The modeling procedures covered by the book include recent advancements in regional drought extent, coverage, intensity, and water deficit predictions, which are increasingly significant given current climate change impacts on water resources. Each modeling procedure is explained theoretically prior to the mathematical derivation, and includes book examples, exercises, and case studies that supplement the applied and practical material, thus making the approaches accessible and applicable to the reader. Presents new and recent methodologies for drought characterizations, change modeling, down-scaling, and future predictions Includes online modeling tools to help readers quickly solve drought related problems Presents methodologies, including drought features (duration, intensity, and magnitude) at any desired risk level Include case studies from arid and semi-arid regions
