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Download or read book Prognostic tissue markers in stage II colon cancer. a population based study written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sanne Kjær-Frifeldt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (828 download)
Download or read book Prognostic Tissue Markers in Stage II Colon Cancer written by Sanne Kjær-Frifeldt and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789464732641
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (326 download)
Download or read book Prognostic Biomarkers for Stage II and III Colon Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we learn more and more about the underlying biology of colon cancer, biomarkers will play a prominent role in the improvement of the identification of patients with high risk of recurrence. Once the identification of the prognostic tumour characteristics has been optimized an appropriate therapy can be advised, whereas others may safely choose to refrain from adjuvant therapy. In this thesis we tried to optimize the process of identification of patients with poor prognosis, the efficacy, the safety and the cost-effectiveness of adjuvant therapies need to be addressed separately, and was beyond the scope of this thesis. In Chapter 2 we described the prognostic value of microvessel density (MVD) as a surrogate marker for angiogenesis, one of the hallmarks of cancer. As angiogenesis itself remains difficult to measure directly, MVD may provide insight in this microenvironmental process. This computerized morphological study showed that MVD increases with stage, which may explain the observation that stage II patients with high MVD had poor prognosis, biologically being a kind of pre-stage III. Actual stage III patients with high MVD, that were all treated with adjuvant 5-FU based chemotherapy, showed better prognosis on the contrary. We hypothesized that residual or recurrent tumour tissue in stage III patients, from primary tumours with high MVD, were better penetrable for chemotherapy, explaining the improved survival. In Chapter 3 we tried to validate CDX2 immunohistochemically, being a promising biomarker published in a high-impact journal by Dalerba et al. Our study showed the practical hurdles involved in validating biomarkers in other cohorts. For disease free survival we were not able to find significant differences between high and low expression of CDX2. However, for disease specific survival we did find comparable results. For a subset of 41 patients we analysed expression of CDX2 by both immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry. Interestingly, discriminatory power of CDX2 as a prognostic biomarker detected by mass spectrometry outperformed the immunohistochemical detection method. This observation shows that in some cases the biomarker itself may be promising, but the method ought to be fine-tuned to benefit from that marker’s full potential. In chapter 4 we presented a new biomarker, obtained from promising research in mice. Expression of KCNQ1 and CD44, both regulated by Wnt-signalling, was analysed immunohistochemically in 386 stage II and III patients, and on mRNA in an external cohort of 90 patients. We concluded that KCNQ1 was a strong prognostic biomarker for disease recurrence. KCNQ1 may be particularly useful in stage II MSS patients, where the question remains which patients are at risk for recurrence and might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In Chapter 5 MACROD2 was discussed, a relatively unknown gene, although a tumour suppressing function by activating PARP1 and DNA repair is suspected. We indeed found that low nuclear expression was associated with poor prognosis in stage III MSS colon cancer patients, treated with 5-FU based ACT. Even more, high expression of MACROD2 may serve as a predictive biomarker in stage III MSS tumours, favouring adjuvant treatment with 5-FU compared to no adjuvant treatment at all. In the final chapter, Chapter 6, we describe an ultimate attempt to improve the identification of high risk patients. Several biomarkers have been studied on our cohort over the years, some with promising and some with disappointing results. For this study we intended to analyse all these markers combined, to find out which (combination of) biomarkers was able to estimate prognosis best, and whether or not previous less important biomarkers became more interesting. Although other techniques were also used on (some subsets of) this cohort, i.e. mass spectrometry, next generation sequencing and morphological analysis (MVD), for this study we chose for a feasible and widely applicable technique like immunohistochemistry. Therefore, all immunohistochemical biomarkers examined previously on tissue micro arrays were included, in addition to all common clinical and pathological parameters available in our cohort. These were all included in a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis, which showed that both lymphovascular invasions (LVI) and KCNQ1 were the key features for estimating prognosis in stage II and III colon cancer.
Author : Melinda Morris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (278 download)
Download or read book Clinical and Pathological Predictors of Survival for Stage II and III Colon Cancer Patients Treated with Or Without Chemotherapy written by Melinda Morris and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] Clinical and pathological predictors of survival for stage II and III colon cancer patients treated with or without chemotherapy: a population-based study. Aim: Using a population-based cohort of colorectal cancer (CRC), the major aims of this study were to: 1. Identify clinico-pathological markers that can be used to define a subset of stage II colon cancer patients with excellent prognosis and who therefore do not require referral for adjuvant chemotherapy; 2. Investigate whether there is a survival benefit from the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in a population-based cohort of stage II colon cancer; 3. Investigate stage III colon cancer patients for evidence of predictive markers for response to 5FU chemotherapy; 4. Investigate CRC for age-related differences in clinico-pathological and molecular features. Hypotheses to be tested: 1. A subset of good prognosis stage II colon cancers can be defined using routine pathological markers; 2. Females colon cancer patients gain more survival advantage from 5FU chemotherapy than males; 3. Tumours from young CRC patients have different molecular characteristics to those from older patients; 4. The underlying molecular characteristics of tumour can impact upon the response to 5FU chemotherapy. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 5,971 cases diagnosed between 1993 and 2003 representing over 90% of the CRCs diagnosed in the state of Western Australia. Results: The major findings of this translational research into colon cancer can be summarized as follows: The morphological features of serosal and vascular invasion allow for prognostic stratification of stage II colon cancer into "good" and "poor" prognosis groups. Good prognosis patients can confidently be spared adjuvant chemotherapy, however greater effort should be directed towards ensuring that more poor prognosis patients are referred for chemotherapy. Evidence was obtained for a survival advantage from the use of 5FU chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer patients, particularly women and those with poor prognosis features. Completion of chemotherapy confers a survival advantage, whereas failure to complete regimens results in a survival disadvantage, when compared with patients treated by surgery alone. This was observed for both stage II and III colon cancers. The factors associated with a survival advantage from the use of chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer were patient age more than 55 years, female gender, perforation and lymphocytic response. The age, site and sex distribution of CRCs revealed in this study provides further evidence for two major pathways of colorectal tumourigenesis. The CIN 7 pathway is predominant in distal tumours from young males, while the CIMP+ is predominant in proximal tumours from older females. Conclusions: Population based studies are an important component of translational research. In part, they allow for auditing of disease management in a population. Guideline verification and analysis of the reasons for lack of adherence to guidelines is integral to improving the management of a disease. Laboratory-based research that is linked to clinical databases allows elucidation of the mechanisms of the disease and the response to treatments.
Author : Annabelle Lucy Greenwood
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Biomarkers and Lymph Node Morphology in Early-stage Colon Cancer written by Annabelle Lucy Greenwood and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Zealand has one of the highest rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the world, resulting in approximately 1200 deaths per year. Optimising the use of adjuvant chemotherapy is one key area to reduce CRC-related mortalities. Stage II colon cancer patients are clinically and biologically heterogenous. Despite 60-80% of these patients being cured from surgery alone, a subset of these patients have a recurrence risk approximating stage III disease. Current risk stratification for the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy fails to accurately detect subgroups with different prognostic and treatment sensitivities. The discovery and use of molecular biomarkers could be used to improve the power of this risk stratification.The aim of this exploratory, pilot study was to characterise the expression of potential prognostic biomarkers, CD147, microRNA-29a and microRNA-21, in a small pilot cohort of stage II colon cancer patients. These markers are strongly associated with aggressiveness and progression in later-stage CRC. However, their prognostic potential in early stage colon cancer has not been well defined. Additionally, these markers are expressed on tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) which can home to nearby lymph nodes and promote the spread of cancer. Considering the lymph nodes are the first site for dissemination of tumour cells in CRC, tEVs may be particularly relevant to stage II colon cancer patients who undergo recurrence. Therefore, the overexpression of these markers could be risk-factors in the tumour and draining lymph nodes of these patients.Tumour, normal mucosa, and the draining lymph nodes were collected from 13 stage II colon cancer patients at the time of surgical resection. Immunohistochemical and quantitative reverse transcription PCR techniques were optimised for the detection of CD147, miR-21 and miR-29a in all tissue types. The histological morphology of the lymph nodes was also explored.We found CD147 was overexpressed in 60% of tumours while miR-21 was overexpressed in 50% of tumours. When combined, CD147 and miR-21 potentially highlight specific subsets of patients. Tumour-associated expression of miR-21 was dysregulated in the lymph nodes, while tumour-specific CD147 expression was not detectable due to immunological-associated expression. Instead, histomorphological findings suggested a large variation in the number, size and shape of lymph node B cell compartments. Specifically, changes in follicle and germinal centre size density and size were associated with pathological risk factors such as, the presence of lymphatic invasion and T stage.CD147 and miR-21 are considerably dysregulated in stage II colon tumours and combined with our knowledge of their functionality in preclinical and clinical studies, they represent potential prognostic biomarkers for this population. We have also demonstrated how the heterogenous histomorphology of B cell compartments, within the lymph nodes, could be a reflection of the observed clinical heterogeneity in these patients. Altogether, these potential biomarkers could be used to strengthen the current risk stratification in stage II colon cancer patients. While our preliminary data warrants validation in a future, larger cohort, our findings demonstrate the clinical feasibility of detecting potential biomarkers and direct the research design of future studies.
Author : M.W. Büchler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540274499
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Rectal Cancer Treatment written by M.W. Büchler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-10-11 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers world-wide. It is also a paradigm for multimodal management, as the combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is often necessary to achieve the optimal outcome. Recently, international experts met in Heidelberg, Germany to discuss the latest developments in the management of rectal cancer, including the anatomic and pathologic basis, staging tools, surgical concepts including fast-track surgery and laparoscopic resection, functional outcome after surgery and the role of radio- and chemotherapy. This monograph summarizes this meeting and gives an extensive overview of the current concepts in management of rectal cancer.
Author : Frederick L, Greene
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475736568
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book AJCC Cancer Staging Manual written by Frederick L, Greene and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American Joint Committee on Cancer's Cancer Staging Manual is used by physicians throughout the world to diagnose cancer and determine the extent to which cancer has progressed. All of the TNM staging information included in this Sixth Edition is uniform between the AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) and the UICC (International Union Against Cancer). In addition to the information found in the Handbook, the Manual provides standardized data forms for each anatomic site, which can be utilized as permanent patient records, enabling clinicians and cancer research scientists to maintain consistency in evaluating the efficacy of diagnosis and treatment. The CD-ROM packaged with each Manual contains printable copies of each of the book’s 45 Staging Forms.
Author : Edgar R. Black
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (847 download)
Download or read book Gene Expression Profiling for Predicting Outcomes in Stage II Colon Cancer written by Edgar R. Black and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: While adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in patients with stage III colon cancer, its role in stage II disease is unclear. In treating 100 stage II patients with adjuvant chemotherapy, three or four will benefit, while others will suffer significant adverse effects. Research is underway to improve this decisionmaking. Gene expression profiling (GEP) is one of the techniques being studied. PURPOSE: The objective of this Technical Brief is to provide a summary of the state of the science on use of GEP in predicting outcomes, including benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, in patients with stage II colon cancer. This Brief also summarizes key uncertainties. METHODS: Four guiding questions were used to frame this Technical Brief. A scan of the published literature through May 2012 identified studies describing the relationship between GEPs and outcomes in stage II colon cancer. Other sources included the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Web site, Key Informants, clinical trial Web sites, and scan of the grey literature. FINDINGS: Results have been published for GEP assays in stage II colon cancer; 13 GEP assays for prognosis, one GEP for prediction (reduced tumor recurrence from adjuvant therapy), and one microRNA profile for prognosis. Five GEP assays are available commercially. Published studies have not provided information related to clinical utility, the effect that using the GEP result in patient care has on net health outcome. Limited information was found for analytic validity. The current evidence does not provide the type of information needed to answer major questions about use of GEP assays in these patients. CONCLUSION: Although information is emerging about use of GEP assays to inform the decision about use of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II colon cancer, studies to date have not provided the type of information needed to address major uncertainties.
Author : Kevin M. Haigis, Ph.D.
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146148412X
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Molecular Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer written by Kevin M. Haigis, Ph.D. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colorectal cancer has for more than two decades served as the paradigm for the multi-step concept of cancer initiation and progression. Perhaps more than any other organ site, cancer of the colon is extensively characterized at the molecular level. We are now entering a time when molecular classification, rather than histologic classification, of cancer subtypes is driving the development of clinical trials with emerging targeted therapies. The book will focus on the progression from the identification of mutations that drive colorectal cancer initiation and progression to the search for novel therapies to treat the disease.
Author : Cornelis F. M. Sier
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832509843
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book Prognostic and predictive markers in colorectal cancer written by Cornelis F. M. Sier and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-28 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sam Thiagalingam
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521493390
Total Pages : 597 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (214 download)
Download or read book Systems Biology of Cancer written by Sam Thiagalingam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the current systems biology-based knowledge and the experimental approaches for deciphering the biological basis of cancer.
Author : Bulent Aydogan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119432448
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)
Download or read book Precision Medicine in Oncology written by Bulent Aydogan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-02 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A FRESH EXAMINATION OF PRECISION MEDICINE'S INCREASINGLY PROMINENT ROLE IN THE FIELD OF ONCOLOGY Precision medicine takes into account each patient's specific characteristics and requirements to arrive at treatment plans that are optimized towards the best possible outcome. As the field of oncology continues to advance, this tailored approach is becoming more and more prevalent, channelling data on genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and other areas into new and innovative methods of practice. Precision Medicine in Oncology draws together the essential research driving the field forward, providing oncology clinicians and trainees alike with an illuminating overview of the technology and thinking behind the breakthroughs currently being made. Topics covered include: Biologically-guided radiation therapy Informatics for precision medicine Molecular imaging Biomarkers for treatment assessment Big data Nanoplatforms Casting a spotlight on this emerging knowledge base and its impact upon the management of tumors, Precision Medicine in Oncology opens up new possibilities and ways of working – not only for oncologists, but also for molecular biologists, radiologists, medical geneticists, and others.
Author : Richard D. Riley
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192516655
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)
Download or read book Prognosis Research in Healthcare written by Richard D. Riley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-17 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What is going to happen to me?" Most patients ask this question during a clinical encounter with a health professional. As well as learning what problem they have (diagnosis) and what needs to be done about it (treatment), patients want to know about their future health and wellbeing (prognosis). Prognosis research can provide answers to this question and satisfy the need for individuals to understand the possible outcomes of their condition, with and without treatment. Central to modern medical practise, the topic of prognosis is the basis of decision making in healthcare and policy development. It translates basic and clinical science into practical care for patients and populations. Prognosis Research in Healthcare: Concepts, Methods and Impact provides a comprehensive overview of the field of prognosis and prognosis research and gives a global perspective on how prognosis research and prognostic information can improve the outcomes of healthcare. It details how to design, carry out, analyse and report prognosis studies, and how prognostic information can be the basis for tailored, personalised healthcare. In particular, the book discusses how information about the characteristics of people, their health, and environment can be used to predict an individual's future health. Prognosis Research in Healthcare: Concepts, Methods and Impact, addresses all types of prognosis research and provides a practical step-by-step guide to undertaking and interpreting prognosis research studies, ideal for medical students, health researchers, healthcare professionals and methodologists, as well as for guideline and policy makers in healthcare wishing to learn more about the field of prognosis.
Author : H. William Strauss
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387488944
Total Pages : 873 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (874 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Oncology written by H. William Strauss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-27 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the reader with a comprehensive understanding of both the basic principles and the clinical applications of nuclear oncology imaging techniques. The authors have assembled a distinguished group of leaders in the field who provide valuable insight on the subject. The book also includes major chapters on the cancer patient and the pathophysiology of abnormal tissue, the evaluation of co-existing disease, and the diagnosis and therapy of specific tumors using functional imaging studies. Each chapter is heavily illustrated to assist the reader in understanding the clinical role of nuclear oncology in cancer disease therapy and management.
Author : Nereo Segnan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Diagnosis written by Nereo Segnan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge: 1. Introduction -- 2. Organisation -- Guiding principles for organising a colorectal cancer screening programme -- 3. Evaluation and interpretation of screening outcomes -- 4. Faecal occult blood testing -- 5. Quality assurance in endoscopy in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis -- 6. Professional requirements and training -- 7. Quality assurance in pathology in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis -- 8. Management of lesions detected in colorectal cancer screening -- 9. Colonoscopic surveillance following adenoma removal --10. Communication -- Appendices.
Author : Mu Wang
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535125052
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Role of Biomarkers in Medicine written by Mu Wang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-08-17 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of biomarkers in basic and clinical research has become routine in many areas of medicine. They are accepted as molecular signatures that have been well characterized and repeatedly shown to be capable of predicting relevant disease states or clinical outcomes. In Role of Biomarkers in Medicine, expert researchers in their individual field have reviewed many biomarkers or potential biomarkers in various types of diseases. The topics address numerous aspects of medicine, demonstrating the current conceptual status of biomarkers as clinical tools and as surrogate endpoints in clinical research. This book highlights the current state of biomarkers and will aid scientists and clinicians to develop better and more specific biomarkers for disease management.
Author : Jeremy R. Jass
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642836933
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)
Download or read book Histological Typing of Intestinal Tumours written by Jeremy R. Jass and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classification is based primarily on the microscopic characteris tics of tumours. It is therefore concerned with the identification of cell types and histological patterns as seen by conventional light micro scopy. In general, time-honoured terms have been retained. Syn onyms are listed only if they have been widely used or if they are con sidered to be important for understanding the disease process. In such cases, the preferred term is given first, followed by the synonym in parentheses. The individuality of a tumour manifests itself principally in its histological appearance and the extent of spread at the time of diag nosis. This volume is concerned only with the histological classific ation of tumours. Anatomical extent or staging is covered in the TNM Classification.! The histological classification of a tumour de pends on two main parameters, typing and grading, and a number of additional parameters which may apply to selected examples. Histological Typing This divides tumours of a given organ into different types according to their direction of differentiation. Although this may frequently in dicate the underlying histogenesis of the tumour, it may be difficult or impossible to identify the cell of origin. Note is taken of the structure and function of cell types, as well as the overall growth pattern of the tumour, with the aim of matching these features to those of a normal tissue found in the same organ.
