Predatory Bureaucracy

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Predatory Bureaucracy

Author : Michael J. Robinson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Predatory Bureaucracy by : Michael J. Robinson

Download or read book Predatory Bureaucracy written by Michael J. Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predatory Bureaucracy is the definitive history of America's wolves and our policies toward predators. Tracking wolves from Coronado's day to the present, author Michael Robinson shows that their story merges with that of the U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey. This federal agency was chartered to research insects and birds but'because of various pressures'morphed into a political powerhouse operating wildlife-extermination programs. Drawing on deep research and wide reading, Robinson's narrative follows the wolves from the eras of explorers and mountain men through the wolves' 120-year entanglement with the federal government. He shares the parallel story of the Survey's rise, detailing the forces that allowed extermination programs to continue'despite opposition from hunters, animal lovers, scientists, environmentalists, and presidents'though the agency's mission and even its name changed. Predatory Bureaucracy will fascinate readers interested in environmental politics and wildlife.

Managing the Commons, Second Edition

Author : John A. Baden
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780253211538
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing the Commons, Second Edition by : John A. Baden

Download or read book Managing the Commons, Second Edition written by John A. Baden and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 1998-04-22 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Garrett Hardin's seminal essay "The Tragedy of the Commons" appeared in 1968 and has been at the center of the debate on commonly owned ground or resources such as Western public grazing or the oceans. This is the second edition of a book exploring the issues raised in Hardin's essay. As scarce resources are increasingly strained. It is ever more crucial to identify those resources which are held in common and are therefore prone to "tragic" waste and abuses. The essay in this volume focus on alternate institutional approaches to managing these resources to prevent such tragedy.

Dispossessed

Author : Noelle Stout
Publisher : University of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520291786
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Dispossessed by : Noelle Stout

Download or read book Dispossessed written by Noelle Stout and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, more than 14 million U.S. homeowners filed for foreclosure. Focusing on the hard-hit Sacramento Valley, Noelle Stout uncovers the predacious bureaucracy that organized the largest bank seizure of residential homes in U.S. history. Stout reveals the failure of Wall Street banks’ mortgage assistance programs—backed by over $300 billion of federal funds—to deliver on the promise of relief. Unlike the programs of the Great Depression, in which the government took on the toxic mortgage debt of Americans, corporate lenders and loan servicers ultimately denied over 70 percent of homeowner applications. In the voices of bank employees and homeowners, Stout unveils how call center representatives felt about denying appeals and shares the fears of families living on the brink of eviction. Stout discloses the impacts of rising inequality on homeowners—from whites who felt their middle-class life unraveling to communities of color who experienced a more precipitous and dire decline. Trapped in a Kafkaesque maze of mortgage assistance, borrowers began to view debt refusal as a moral response to lenders, as seemingly mundane bureaucratic dramas came to redefine the meaning of debt and dispossession.

Varmints and Victims

Author : Frank Van Nuys
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700621318
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Varmints and Victims by : Frank Van Nuys

Download or read book Varmints and Victims written by Frank Van Nuys and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It used to be: If you see a coyote, shoot it. Better yet, a bear. Best of all, perhaps? A wolf. How we've gotten from there to here, where such predators are reintroduced, protected, and in some cases revered, is the story Frank Van Nuys tells in Varmints and Victims, a thorough and enlightening look at the evolution of predator management in the American West. As controversies over predator control rage on, Varmints and Victims puts the debate into historical context, tracing the West's relationship with charismatic predators like grizzlies, wolves, and cougars from unquestioned eradication to ambivalent recovery efforts. Van Nuys offers a nuanced and balanced perspective on an often-emotional topic, exploring the intricacies of how and why attitudes toward predators have changed over the years. Focusing primarily on wolves, coyotes, mountain lions, and grizzly bears, he charts the logic and methods of management practiced by ranchers, hunters, and federal officials Broad in scope and rich in detail, this work brings new, much-needed clarity to the complex interweaving of economics, politics, science, and culture in the formulation of ideas about predator species, and in policies directed at these creatures. In the process, we come to see how the story of predator control is in many ways the story of the American West itself, from early attempts to connect the frontier region to mainstream American life and economics to present ideas about the nature and singularity of the region.

Making Bureaucracy Work

Author : Akshay Mangla
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009258044
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Bureaucracy Work by : Akshay Mangla

Download or read book Making Bureaucracy Work written by Akshay Mangla and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines when and how public bureaucracies work for disadvantaged citizens through a comparative study of primary education in rural India.

State, Market, and Bureau-contracting in Reform China

Author : Yuen Yuen Ang
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis State, Market, and Bureau-contracting in Reform China by : Yuen Yuen Ang

Download or read book State, Market, and Bureau-contracting in Reform China written by Yuen Yuen Ang and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2009 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why and how has China succeeded as a developmental state despite a seemingly rents-ridden bureaucracy? Following conventional wisdom, "Weberian" bureaucracies are an institutional precondition for development, especially in interventionist states like China. However, my research finds that China's fast-growing economy has not been governed by a purely salaried civil service. Instead, Chinese bureaucracies still remain partially prebendal; at every level of government, each office systematically appropriates authority to generate income for itself. My study unravels the paradox of "developmentalism without Weberianness" by illuminating China's unique path of bureaucratic adaptation in the reform era -- labeled as bureau-contracting -- where contracting takes place within the state bureaucracy. In a bureau-contracting structure, the state at each level contracts the tasks of governance to its own bureaucracies, assigning them revenue-making privileges and property rights over income earned in exchange for services rendered. Contrasting previous emphases on the prevalence of illicit corruption in China, my study shows how and why bureaucracies in this context are actually authorized by the state to profit from public office. Specifically, I identify two factors that constrain arbitrary and excessively predatory behavior among Chinese bureaucracies: first, mechanisms of rents management, and second, the mediation of narrow departmental interests by local developmental incentives. In short, I argue that it is the combination of an incentive-compatible fiscal design and increasingly sophisticated instruments of oversight that have sustained an otherwise unorthodox structure of governance in China. In a phrase, bureau-contracting presents a high-powered but opportunistic alternative to the Weberian ideal-type. The Chinese experience suggests that "market-compatible" bureaucratic institutions need not necessarily conform to -- and may even diverge significantly -- from standard Western models, at least at early stages of development. My research draws on interviews with 165 cadres across different regions and governmental sectors, as well as statistical analysis of previously unavailable budget data.

Producing Predators

Author : Michael D. Wise
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 0803290489
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Producing Predators by : Michael D. Wise

Download or read book Producing Predators written by Michael D. Wise and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2016-08 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Producing Predators, Michael D. Wise argues that contestations between Native and non-Native people over hunting, labor, and the livestock industry drove the development of predator eradication programs in Montana and Alberta from the 1880s onward. The history of these anti-predator programs was significant not only for their ecological effects, but also for their enduring cultural legacies of colonialism in the Northern Rockies. By targeting wolves and other wild carnivores for extermination, cattle ranchers disavowed the predatory labor of raising domestic animals for slaughter, representing it instead as productive work. Meanwhile, federal agencies sought to purge the Blackfoot, Salish-Kootenai, and other indigenous peoples of their so-called predatory behaviors through campaigns of assimilation and citizenship that forcefully privatized tribal land and criminalized hunting and its related ritual practices. Despite these colonial pressures, Native communities resisted and negotiated the terms of their dispossession by representing their own patterns of work, food, and livelihood as productive. By exploring predation and production as fluid cultural logics for valuing labor, rather than just a set of biological processes, Producing Predators offers a new perspective on the history of the American West and the modern history of colonialism more broadly.

Governing and Ruling

Author : Changdong Zhang
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472129406
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)

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Book Synopsis Governing and Ruling by : Changdong Zhang

Download or read book Governing and Ruling written by Changdong Zhang and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2021-10-27 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid social economic changes, the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, or even economic liberalization can lead to political instability and the collapse of authoritarian regimes. Despite experiencing all of these unprecedented changes in the past forty years, China under the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership has so far successfully transformed and improved both its governance capacity and its ruling capacity. Governing and Ruling addresses this regime resilience puzzle by examining the political logic of its taxation system, especially the ways in which taxation helps China handle three governance problems: maneuvering social control, improving agent discipline, and eliciting cooperation. Changdong Zhang argues that a taxation system plays an important role in sustaining authoritarian rule, in China and elsewhere, by combining co-optation and repression functions. The book collects valuable firsthand and secondhand data; studies China’s taxation system, intergovernmental fiscal relationships, composition of fiscal revenue sources, and tax administration; and discusses how each dimension influences the three governance problems.

The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity and Growth: A Comparative Study

Author : Deepak Lal
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191522260
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity and Growth: A Comparative Study by : Deepak Lal

Download or read book The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity and Growth: A Comparative Study written by Deepak Lal and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1998-10-08 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This wide-ranging and innovative book synthesises the findings of a major international study of the political economy of poverty, equity, and growth. It is based primarily on analytical economic histories of 21 developing countries from 1950 to 1985, but also takes account of the wider literature on the subject. The authors take an ambitious interdisciplinary approach to identify patterns in the interplay of initial conditions, instiuttions, interests, and ideas which can help to explain the different growth and poverty alleviation outcomes in the Third World. Three different types of poverty are distinguished, based on their causes, and a more nebulous idea of equityin contrast to egalitarianismis shown to have influenced policy. Since growth is found to be the major means of alleviating mass structural poverty, much of the book is concerned with discovering explanations for policies which are found to be the most important influences on the proximate causes of growth. Lal and Mynt also consider the available evidence on the role of direct transferspublic and privatein alleviating destitution and conjunctural poverty. The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity, and Growth develops a novel framework for the comparative analysis of different growth outcomes. This framework distinguishes between the different relative factor endowments of land, labour, and capital, and between the different organizational structures of pesent versus plantation and mining economies. It also differentiates between the polities of 'autonomous' and 'factional' states in the countries studied, breaking the analysis down into further typological subdivisions and providing important new insights into the differing behaviour of economies that are rich in natural resources and those with abundant labour. These insights constitute a richer explanation for the divergent developmental outcomes in East Asia compared with Latin America and Africa. The evidence collated is used to argue for the continuing relevance of the classical liberal viewpoint on public policies for development, and to show why, even so, nationalist ideologies are likely to be adopted and lead to cycles of interventionism and liberalism. The evidence is also used to provide an explanation for the surprising current worldwide Age of Reform.

The Predator Paradox

Author : John A. Shivik
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807080772
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Predator Paradox by : John A. Shivik

Download or read book The Predator Paradox written by John A. Shivik and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2015-04-14 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An expert in wildlife management tells the stories of those who are finding new ways for humans and mammalian predators to coexist. Stories of backyard bears and cat-eating coyotes are becoming increasingly common—even for people living in non-rural areas. Farmers anxious to protect their sheep from wolves aren’t the only ones concerned: suburbanites and city dwellers are also having more unwanted run-ins with mammalian predators. And that might not be a bad thing. After all, our government has been at war with wildlife since 1914, and the death toll has been tremendous: federal agents kill a combined ninety thousand wolves, bears, coyotes, and cougars every year, often with dubious biological effectiveness. Only recently have these species begun to recover. Given improved scientific understanding and methods, can we continue to slow the slaughter and allow populations of mammalian predators to resume their positions as keystone species? As carnivore populations increase, however, their proximity to people, pets, and livestock leads to more conflict, and we are once again left to negotiate the uneasy terrain between elimination and conservation. In The Predator Paradox, veteran wildlife management expert John Shivik argues that we can end the war while still preserving and protecting these key species as fundamental components of healthy ecosystems. By reducing almost sole reliance on broad scale “death from above” tactics and by incorporating nonlethal approaches to managing wildlife—from electrified flagging to motion-sensor lights—we can dismantle the paradox, have both people and predators on the landscape, and ensure the long-term survival of both. As the boundary between human and animal habitat blurs, preventing human-wildlife conflict depends as much on changing animal behavior as on changing our own perceptions, attitudes, and actions. To that end, Shivik focuses on the facts, mollifies fears, and presents a variety of tools and tactics for consideration. Blending the science of the wild with entertaining and dramatic storytelling, Shivik’s clear-eyed pragmatism allows him to appeal to both sides of the debate, while arguing for the possibility of coexistence: between ranchers and environmentalists, wildlife managers and animal-welfare activists, and humans and animals.

Managing the Commons

Author : John A. Baden
Publisher : FREE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 6069446801
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (694 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing the Commons by : John A. Baden

Download or read book Managing the Commons written by John A. Baden and published by FREE Publishing. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing natural resources that are held in common is a great and grave challenge. It requires addressing the community of users, beneficiaries, and managers. It also requires consideration of how those communities interact with the commons itself. At stake is the prosperity, and even survival, of both the people and the environment. Understanding and improving how we relate to commons has been the focus of much scholarly and practical research in the last 30 years. A quick look at the various natural resource commons surrounding us indicates that this will no doubt continue. Pacific Northwest salmon fisheries represent a system of commons, both complex and illustrative. My past history as administrator of the US. Environmental Protection Agency and my fisherman’s interest in salmon has heightened my sensitivity to the plight of the salmon and the people whose lives they affect. Recently, my wife and I moved back to the Pacific North-west—something the salmon try to do every year as they live out their inspiring life cycles. Unlike us, the salmon do not always find a hospitable environment when they return. There are many reasons: Simply put, there are more people in the salmon’s way, and they struggle more with the problems that come with expanding human populations. A number of reports issued over the past few years have chronicled the broad declines and local extinction of many salmon, steelhead, and sea-run cutthroat stocks in the region. The people who fish for a living and the communities in which they live have been hit hard. Our resource agencies are in danger of being overwhelmed by the complexity and magnitude of the problem. Why are salmon faring so poorly? Who is responsible? What can be done to reverse the recent declines in salmon populations? When tragedy befalls a commons as it has the salmon, I come to no conclusion about who is at fault, and I don’t intend to. The one thing that I am certain of is that the only truly innocent parties in all of this are the salmon and the generations of people yet to come. It seems to me that the responsibility falls upon all of us—fishermen, resource managers, and concerned citizens alike—to take the steps necessary to ensure that salmon populations recover to the point that our children will be able to enjoy the quality of life we once took for granted. While many people focus on how to get the most from commons, groups like the Sustainable Fisheries Foundation emphasize providing and maintaining those natural resources. Their goal is deceptively simple: ”We are trying to put more salmon back in the rivers and lakes of the Pacific Northwest.” Determining exactly how to accomplish this goal has defied the efforts of a great many dedicated and talented people. Many papers and panel discussions, especially reports on the status and trend ofwild salmon populations in the North Pacific, make it clear that many salmon stocks in parts of the lower United States, southern British Columbia, and the west coast of Vancouver Island are not faring well. The decline in salmon numbers in these areas corresponds with a rapidly expanding human population, alterations in land and water use, increasing sediment and containment loads, and heavy fishing pressure by a combination of sport, commercial, and tribal groups.

Back from the Collapse

Author : Curtis H. Freese
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 1496236645
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis Back from the Collapse by : Curtis H. Freese

Download or read book Back from the Collapse written by Curtis H. Freese and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2023-07 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Back from the Collapse is a clarion call for restoring one of North America’s most underappreciated and overlooked ecosystems: the grasslands of the Great Plains. This region has been called America’s Serengeti in recognition of its historically extraordinary abundance of wildlife. Since Euro-American colonization, however, populations of at least twenty-four species of Great Plains wildlife have collapsed—from pallid sturgeon and burrowing owls to all major mammals, including bison and grizzly bears. In response to this incalculable loss, Curtis H. Freese and other conservationists founded American Prairie, a nonprofit organization with the mission of supporting the region’s native wildlife by establishing a 3.2-million-acre reserve on the plains of eastern Montana, one of the most intact and highest-priority areas for biodiversity conservation in the Great Plains. In Back from the Collapse Freese explores the evolutionary history of the region’s ecosystem over millions of years, as it transitioned from subtropical forests to the edge of an ice sheet to today’s prairies. He details the eventual species collapse and American Prairie’s work to restore the habitat and wildlife, efforts described by National Geographic as “one of the most ambitious conservation projects in American history.”

The Politics of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization

Author : Hui Feng
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134203535
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (342 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization by : Hui Feng

Download or read book The Politics of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization written by Hui Feng and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grounded on a series of first-hand interviews with Chinese government officials, this book examines China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, providing an ‘inside’ look at Chinese WTO accession negotiations. Presenting a systematic political economy model in analyzing Beijing’s decision-making mechanisms, the book argues that China’s WTO policy making is a state-led, leadership driven, and top-down process. Feng explores how China’s determined political elite partly bypassed and partly restructured a largely reluctant and resistant bureaucracy, under constant pressure from an increasingly globalized international system. By addressing China’s accession to the WTO from a political analysis perspective, the book provides a theoretically informed and intriguing examination of China’s foreign economic policy making regime. The book highlights contemporary debates relating to state and institutionalist theory and provides new and useful insights into a significant development of this century.

The State of Peacebuilding in Africa

Author : Terence McNamee
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030466361
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis The State of Peacebuilding in Africa by : Terence McNamee

Download or read book The State of Peacebuilding in Africa written by Terence McNamee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-02 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book on the state of peacebuilding in Africa brings together the work of distinguished scholars, practitioners, and decision makers to reflect on key experiences and lessons learned in peacebuilding in Africa over the past half century. The core themes addressed by the contributors include conflict prevention, mediation, and management; post-conflict reconstruction, justice and Disarmament Demobilization and Reintegration; the role of women, religion, humanitarianism, grassroots organizations, and early warning systems; and the impact of global, regional, and continental bodies. The book's thematic chapters are complemented by six country/region case studies: The Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan/South Sudan, Mozambique and the Sahel/Mali. Each chapter concludes with a set of key lessons learned that could be used to inform the building of a more sustainable peace in Africa. The State of Peacebuilding in Africa was born out of the activities of the Southern Voices Network for Peacebuilding (SVNP), a Carnegie-funded, continent-wide network of African organizations that works with the Wilson Center to bring African knowledge and perspectives to U.S., African, and international policy on peacebuilding in Africa. The research for this book was made possible by a grant from Carnegie Corporation of New York.

Grizzly West

Author : Michael J. Dax
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 080327856X
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Grizzly West by : Michael J. Dax

Download or read book Grizzly West written by Michael J. Dax and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2015-08 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmentalists and the timber industry do not often collaborate, but in the years immediately following gray wolf reintroduction in the interior American West, a plan to reintroduce grizzly bears to the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness of Idaho and Montana brought these odd bedfellows together. The partnership won praise from diverse interests across the country and in 2000 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service approved a plan for reintroduction. When the Bush Administration took office, however, it promptly shelved the project. In Grizzly West Michael J. Dax explores the political, cultural, and social forces at work in the West and around the country that gave rise to this innovative plan but also contributed to its downfall. Observers at the time blamed the project’s collapse on simple partisan politics, but Dax reveals how the American West’s changing culture and economy over the second half of the twentieth century dramatically affected this bold vision. He examines the growth of the New West’s political potency, while at the same time revealing the ways in which the Old West still holds a significant grip over the region’s politics. Grizzly West explores the great divide between the Old and the New West, one that has lasting consequences for the modern West and for our country's relationship with its wildlife.

Public Organizations in Asia

Author : Tobin Im
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317285042
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Organizations in Asia by : Tobin Im

Download or read book Public Organizations in Asia written by Tobin Im and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public Organizations in Asia introduces students to the fundamental theories of organizations and teaches them how to analyze different types of public organizations in East and Southeast Asia. Moving away from traditional Western theory and examples, this textbook provides numerous case studies of Asian organizations where different ideologies, administrative tradition, and social circumstances prevail. Key pedagogical features of Public Organizations in Asia include: Learning objectives for each chapter End of chapter discussion questions Short student exercises Concise case studies throughout the chapters Training students to be future leaders of Asian public organizations, this book is an essential text for undergraduate and graduate courses on public administration in Asia. It will also be a useful supplementary text for courses on comparative public administration.

Taxing Choice

Author : William Shughart II
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351291580
Total Pages : 652 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Taxing Choice by : William Shughart II

Download or read book Taxing Choice written by William Shughart II and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taxing behavior deemed "politically incorrect" has long been a convenient way for politicians to fund programs benefiting special interest groups, to the public's disadvantage. Government policy toward various goods - drugs, tobacco and alcohol, for example - has been locked into a regulatory cycle of tax and taboo. Support for legalizing other substances is buttressed by the revenue-generating power of so-called "sin" taxesi And the products subjected to excise taxation have varied from soft drinks, fishing gear and margarine to airline tickets, telephone calls and gasoline. Taxing Choice thoroughly addresses the costs and benefits of these predatory public policies.Shughart notes that the record of such punitive selective taxation has been anything but successful, hindering economic progress and failing to deliver the promised social benefits. In addition, the costs of selective taxes fall disproportionately on lower-income people, while more politically powerful interest groups benefit. At the same time, such policies are a poor way to raise funding for public services, and foster political corruption and self-serving bureaucracies accountable to no one. Indeed, policies discriminating against certain products may represent ominous trends easily extended into virtually every facet of people's lives. One can envision policies proscribing foods, sun bathing, obesity, and even books, films, and political and religious beliefs deemed "dangerous."Part I is devoted to the political economy of selective taxation. Contributors trace the history and politics of selective excise taxes in the United States, discussing the range of products that have been subject to such taxation from the founding period to the present. Part II explains how these taxes emerge in a political marketplace with opposing pressure groups scrambling for wealth transfers in their own favor. Part III looks at taxes on specific products as well as such banning policies as Prohibition and the war on drugs. Constitutional, economic, and civil liberty issues, including civil asset forfeiture and product liability, are discussed in Part IV. With the accelerating national debate over tax reform and the downsizing of government, Taxing Choice is a timely and far-reaching contribution to a debate of great interest to economists, policymakers, historians, sociologists, and taxpayers in general.