Precision Measurement of Microwave Thermal Noise

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119910110
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Precision Measurement of Microwave Thermal Noise by : James Randa

Download or read book Precision Measurement of Microwave Thermal Noise written by James Randa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-11-02 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precision Measurement of Microwave Comprehensive resource covering the foundations and analysis of precision noise measurements with a detailed treatment of their uncertainties Precision Measurement of Microwave Thermal Noise presents the basics of precise measurements of thermal noise at microwave frequencies and guides readers through how to evaluate the uncertainties in such measurement. The focus is on measurement methods used at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), but the general principles and methods are useful in a wide range of applications. Readers will learn how to perform accurate microwave noise measurements using the respected author’s expertise of calculations to aid understanding of the challenges and solutions. The text covers the background required for the analysis of the measurements and the standards employed to calibrate radiofrequency and microwave radiometers. It also covers measurements of noise temperature (power) and the noise characteristics of amplifiers and transistors. In addition to the usual room-temperature two-port devices, cryogenic devices and multiport amplifiers are also discussed. Finally, the connection of these lab-based measurements to remote-sensing measurement (especially from space) is considered, and possible contributions of the lab-based measurements to remote-sensing applications are discussed. Specific topics and concepts covered in the text include: Noise-temperature standards, covering ambient standards, hot (oven) standards, cryogenic standards, and other standards and noise sources Amplifier noise, covering definition of noise parameters, measurement of noise parameters, uncertainty analysis for noise-parameter measurements, and simulations and strategies On-wafer noise measurements, covering on-wafer microwave formalism, noise temperature, on-wafer noise-parameter measurements, and uncertainties Multiport amplifiers, covering formalism and noise matrix, definition of noise figure for multiports, and degradation of signal-to-noise ratio Containing some introductory material, Precision Measurement of Microwave Thermal Noise is an invaluable resource on the subject for advanced students and all professionals working in (or entering) the field of microwave noise measurements, be it in a standards lab, a commercial lab, or academic research.

Considerations for the Precise Measurement of Amplifier Noise

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Considerations for the Precise Measurement of Amplifier Noise by : David F. Wait

Download or read book Considerations for the Precise Measurement of Amplifier Noise written by David F. Wait and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Precision Measurement and Calibration

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Precision Measurement and Calibration by : Arthur J. Estin

Download or read book Precision Measurement and Calibration written by Arthur J. Estin and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Precision Measurement and Calibration: Electricity

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Precision Measurement and Calibration: Electricity by : United States. National Bureau of Standards

Download or read book Precision Measurement and Calibration: Electricity written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Optical Coatings and Thermal Noise in Precision Measurement

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139504681
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Coatings and Thermal Noise in Precision Measurement by : Gregory Harry

Download or read book Optical Coatings and Thermal Noise in Precision Measurement written by Gregory Harry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal noise from optical coatings is a growing area of concern and overcoming limits to the sensitivity of high precision measurements by thermal noise is one of the greatest challenges faced by experimental physicists. In this timely book, internationally renowned scientists and engineers examine our current theoretical and experimental understanding. Beginning with the theory of thermal noise in mirrors and substrates, subsequent chapters discuss the technology of depositing coatings and state-of-the-art dielectric coating techniques used in precision measurement. Applications and remedies for noise reduction are also covered. Individual chapters are dedicated to specific fields where coating thermal noise is a particular concern, including the areas of quantum optics/optomechanics, gravitational wave detection, precision timing, high-precision laser stabilisation via optical cavities and cavity quantum electrodynamics. While providing full mathematical detail, the text avoids field-specific jargon, making it a valuable resource for readers with varied backgrounds in modern optics.

A Guide to Noise in Microwave Circuits

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119859387
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

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Book Synopsis A Guide to Noise in Microwave Circuits by : Peter Heymann

Download or read book A Guide to Noise in Microwave Circuits written by Peter Heymann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A GUIDE TO NOISE IN MICROWAVE CIRCUITS A fulsome exploration of critical considerations in microwave circuit noise In A Guide to Noise in Microwave Circuits: Devices, Circuits, and Measurement, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a comprehensive introduction to noise in microwave circuits, with a strong focus on noise characterization of devices and circuits. The book describes fluctuations beginning with their physical origin and touches on the general description of noise in linear and non-linear circuits. Several chapters are devoted to the description of noise measurement techniques and the interpretation of measured data. A full chapter is dedicated to noise sources as well, including thermal, shot, plasma, and current. A Guide to Noise in Microwave Circuits offers examples of measurement problems—like low noise block (LNB) of satellite television – and explores equipment and measurement methods, like the Y, cold source, and 7-state method. This book also includes: A thorough introduction to foundational terms in microwave circuit noise, including average values, amplitude distribution, autocorrelation, cross-correlation, and noise spectra Comprehensive explorations of common noise sources, including thermal noise, the Nyquist formula and thermal radiation, shot noise, plasma noise, and more Practical discussions of noise and linear networks, including narrowband noise In-depth examinations of calculation methods for noise quantities, including noise voltages, currents, and spectra, the noise correlation matrix, and the noise of simple passive networks Perfect for graduate students specializing in microwave and wireless electronics, A Guide to Noise in Microwave Circuits: Devices, Circuits, and Measurement will also earn a place in the libraries of professional engineers working in microwave or wireless circuits and system design.

Absolute Temperature Measurement at Microwave Frequencies

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis Absolute Temperature Measurement at Microwave Frequencies by : George G. Haroules

Download or read book Absolute Temperature Measurement at Microwave Frequencies written by George G. Haroules and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The measurement of absolute temperature under field operating conditions is usually achieved at the expense of tedious calibration using carefully controlled cryogenic devices. In this report, a technique is described by means of which such measurements can be made using only conventional laboratory hardware. Two Dicke-type radiometers have been developed and constructed which embody this technique. The measurement system that has been developed establishes the rf zero of the radiometer and determines the absolute temperature while operating in a rf-balanced condition. A simplified laboratory calibration of the device and the effect of gain stability on measurement accuracy, while observing temperatures near absolute zero, are discussed. Field measurements of sky temperature using standard gain horns and a 28-foot parabolic antenna were conducted at frequencies of 8 and 15 gHz. The experimental results of the program are compared with theoretical predictions of sky temperature for various atmospheric opacities.

NBS Technical Note

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis NBS Technical Note by :

Download or read book NBS Technical Note written by and published by . This book was released on 1973-08 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Measurement of Noise Performance Factors

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Measurement of Noise Performance Factors by : M. G. Arthur

Download or read book The Measurement of Noise Performance Factors written by M. G. Arthur and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The metrology guide provides the basis for critical comparisons among seven measurement techniques for average noise factor and effective input noise temperature. The techniques that are described, discussed, and analyzed include the (1) Y-Factor, (2) 3-dB, (3) Automatic, (4) Gain Control, (5) CW, (6) Tangential, and (7) Cmparison Techniques. The analyses yield working equations and error equations by which accuracy capabilities are compared. Each technique is also analyzed for (a) frequency range for best measurement results, (b) special instrumentation requirements, (c) speed and convenience, (d) operator skill required, and (e) special measurement problems. General instrumentation requirements and practical measurement problems are discussed for the benefit of the non-expert metrologist. (Modified author abstract).

Space Programs Summary

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Space Programs Summary by : Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.)

Download or read book Space Programs Summary written by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1968-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Measuring Ocean Currents

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Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0123914280
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring Ocean Currents by : Antony Joseph

Download or read book Measuring Ocean Currents written by Antony Joseph and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-08-12 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring Ocean Currents: Tools, Technologies, and Data covers all major aspects of ocean current measurements in view of the implications of ocean currents on changing climate, increasing pollution levels, and offshore engineering activities. Although more than 70% of the Earth is covered by ocean, there is limited information on the countless fine- to large-scale water motions taking place within them. This book fills that information gap as the first work that summarizes the state-of-the-art methods and instruments used for surface, subsurface, and abyssal ocean current measurements. Readers of this book will find a wealth of information on Lagrangian measurements, horizontal mapping, imaging, Eulerian measurements, and vertical profiling techniques. In addition, the book describes modern technologies for remote measurement of ocean currents and their signatures, including HF Doppler radar systems, satellite-borne sensors, ocean acoustic tomography, and more. Crucial aspects of ocean currents are described in detail as well, including dispersion of effluents discharged into the sea and transport of beneficial materials—as well as environmentally hazardous materials—from one region to another. The book highlights several important practical applications, showing how measurements relate to climate change and pollution levels, how they affect coastal and offshore engineering activities, and how they can aid in tsunami detection. Coverage of measurement, mapping and profiling techniques Descriptions of technologies for remote measurement of ocean currents and their signatures Reviews crucial aspects of ocean currents, including special emphasis on the planet-spanning thermohaline circulation, known as the ocean's "conveyor belt," and its crucial role in climate change

NBS Special Publication

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 790 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis NBS Special Publication by :

Download or read book NBS Special Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Publications

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 788 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Publications by : United States. National Bureau of Standards

Download or read book Publications written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Precision Measurement and Calibration

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Precision Measurement and Calibration by : United States. National Bureau of Standards

Download or read book Precision Measurement and Calibration written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Publications of the National Bureau of Standards ... Catalog

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 788 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Publications of the National Bureau of Standards ... Catalog by : United States. National Bureau of Standards

Download or read book Publications of the National Bureau of Standards ... Catalog written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Catalog of National Bureau of Standards Publications, 1966-1976: Key word index

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 788 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalog of National Bureau of Standards Publications, 1966-1976: Key word index by : United States. National Bureau of Standards. Technical Information and Publications Division

Download or read book Catalog of National Bureau of Standards Publications, 1966-1976: Key word index written by United States. National Bureau of Standards. Technical Information and Publications Division and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Catalog of National Bureau of Standards Publications, 1966-1976

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 788 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalog of National Bureau of Standards Publications, 1966-1976 by : United States. National Bureau of Standards

Download or read book Catalog of National Bureau of Standards Publications, 1966-1976 written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: