Poverty, Poverty Alleviation, and Social Disadvantage

Download Poverty, Poverty Alleviation, and Social Disadvantage PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Serials Publications
ISBN 13 : 9788183871112
Total Pages : 1284 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (711 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Poverty, Poverty Alleviation, and Social Disadvantage by : Clement Allan Tisdell

Download or read book Poverty, Poverty Alleviation, and Social Disadvantage written by Clement Allan Tisdell and published by Serials Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 1284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite Rapid Economic Progress And Pledges By The Developed Nations To Eliminate Poverty, Millions Of People Still Remain In Poverty Globally. Most Of The Poverty-Stricken, But Not All, Live In Developing Countries. Those Who Continue To Be In Poverty Have Been Unable To Share In The Benefits Of Global Economic Growth. This Shameful Situation, One In Which Poverty Persists Amongst Global Plenty, Has Resulted In The United Nations Declaring Poverty Reduction, With The Ultimate Aim Of Eliminating Poverty, To Be Its Major Goal For The 21St Century. Consequently, This Book, Poverty, Poverty Alleviation And Social Disadvantage, Provides A Relevant And Timely Worldwide Coverage And Analysis Of The Occurrence Of Poverty, Of Policies For Its Alleviation, And Of Issues Involving Social Disadvantage. Social Disadvantage Usually Accompanies Poverty. Most Contributions To This Book Are Interdisciplinary In Character, Even Though Economic Aspects Predominate. This Book, After Providing New General Perspectives On Poverty And Social Disadvantage And Policies To Address Those, Follows Up By Presenting A Wide-Range Of Original National And Regional Studies, Including Some In-Depth Unique Case Studies Of Situations Involving Poverty And Social Disadvantage. The Relative Coverage Of Topics In This Book Broadly Reflects The Comparative Geographical Incidence Of Poverty Globally. A Feature Of This Book Is That The Contributions Have Been Written By Experts Who Have First-Hand Knowledge Of The Social Issues They Address.

Policies to Address Poverty in America

Download Policies to Address Poverty in America PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815726473
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Policies to Address Poverty in America by : Melissa Kearney

Download or read book Policies to Address Poverty in America written by Melissa Kearney and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2014-06-19 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One-in-seven adults and one-in-five children in the United States live in poverty. Individuals and families living in povertyÊnot only lack basic, material necessities, but they are also disproportionally afflicted by many social and economic challenges. Some of these challenges include the increased possibility of an unstable home situation, inadequate education opportunities at all levels, and a high chance of crime and victimization. Given this growing social, economic, and political concern, The Hamilton Project at Brookings asked academic experts to develop policy proposals confronting the various challenges of AmericaÕs poorest citizens, and to introduce innovative approaches to addressing poverty.ÊWhen combined, the scope and impact of these proposals has the potential to vastly improve the lives of the poor. The resulting 14 policy memos are included in The Hamilton ProjectÕs Policies to Address Poverty in America. The main areas of focus include promoting early childhood development, supporting disadvantaged youth, building worker skills, and improving safety net and work support.

Psychology of Poverty and Disadvantage

Download Psychology of Poverty and Disadvantage PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Concept Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9788170228059
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Psychology of Poverty and Disadvantage by : Ajit K. Mohanty

Download or read book Psychology of Poverty and Disadvantage written by Ajit K. Mohanty and published by Concept Publishing Company. This book was released on 2000 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at the Seminar on "Psychology of Poverty and Disadvantage", 18-20 December, 1997, organized by Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, at Bhubaneswar.

Key Policies for Addressing the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities

Download Key Policies for Addressing the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9289052651
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Key Policies for Addressing the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities by : Centers of Disease Control

Download or read book Key Policies for Addressing the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities written by Centers of Disease Control and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2017-09-27 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence indicates that actions within four main themes (early child development fair employment and decent work social protection and the living environment) are likely to have the greatest impact on the social determinants of health and health inequities. A systematic search and analysis of recommendations and policy guidelines from intergovernmental organizations and international bodies identified practical policy options for action on social determinants within these four themes. Policy options focused on early childhood education and care; child poverty; investment strategies for an inclusive economy; active labour market programmes; working conditions; social cash transfers; affordable housing; and planning and regulatory mechanisms to improve air quality and mitigate climate change. Applying combinations of these policy options alongside effective governance for health equity should enable WHO European Region Member States to reduce health inequities and synergize efforts to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Globalization and Poverty

Download Globalization and Poverty PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226318001
Total Pages : 675 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Globalization and Poverty by : Ann Harrison

Download or read book Globalization and Poverty written by Ann Harrison and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.

Poverty Reduction Policies and Practices in Developing Asia

Download Poverty Reduction Policies and Practices in Developing Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9812874208
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (128 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Poverty Reduction Policies and Practices in Developing Asia by : Almas Heshmati

Download or read book Poverty Reduction Policies and Practices in Developing Asia written by Almas Heshmati and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-31 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the major policy challenges facing developing Asia and how the region sustains rapid economic growth to reduce multidimensional poverty through socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable measures. Asia is facing many challenges arising from population growth, rapid urbanization, provision of services, climate change and the need to redress declining growth after the global financial crisis. This book examines poverty and related issues and aims to advance the development of new tools and measurement of multidimensional poverty and poverty reduction policy analysis. The book covers a wide range of issues, including determinants and causes of poverty and its changes; consequences and impacts of poverty on human capital formation, growth and consumption; assessment of poverty strategies and policies; the role of government, NGOs and other institutions in poverty reduction; rural-urban migration and poverty; vulnerability to poverty; breakdown of poverty into chronic and transitory components; and a comparative study on poverty issues in Asia and other regions. The book will appeal to all those interested in economic development, resources, policies and economic welfare and growth.

$2.00 a Day

Download $2.00 a Day PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN 13 : 0544303180
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (443 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis $2.00 a Day by : Kathryn Edin

Download or read book $2.00 a Day written by Kathryn Edin and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2015 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of a kind of poverty in America so deep that we, as a country, don't even think exists--from a leading national poverty expert who "defies convention" (New York Times)

A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty

Download A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309483980
Total Pages : 619 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.

Poverty, Poverty Alleviation, and Social Disadvantage

Download Poverty, Poverty Alleviation, and Social Disadvantage PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Poverty, Poverty Alleviation, and Social Disadvantage by : Clement Allan Tisdell

Download or read book Poverty, Poverty Alleviation, and Social Disadvantage written by Clement Allan Tisdell and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite Rapid Economic Progress And Pledges By The Developed Nations To Eliminate Poverty, Millions Of People Still Remain In Poverty Globally. Most Of The Poverty-Stricken, But Not All, Live In Developing Countries. Those Who Continue To Be In Poverty Have Been Unable To Share In The Benefits Of Global Economic Growth. This Shameful Situation, One In Which Poverty Persists Amongst Global Plenty, Has Resulted In The United Nations Declaring Poverty Reduction, With The Ultimate Aim Of Eliminating Poverty, To Be Its Major Goal For The 21St Century. Consequently, This Book, Poverty, Poverty Alleviation And Social Disadvantage, Provides A Relevant And Timely Worldwide Coverage And Analysis Of The Occurrence Of Poverty, Of Policies For Its Alleviation, And Of Issues Involving Social Disadvantage. Social Disadvantage Usually Accompanies Poverty. Most Contributions To This Book Are Interdisciplinary In Character, Even Though Economic Aspects Predominate. This Book, After Providing New General Perspectives On Poverty And Social Disadvantage And Policies To Address Those, Follows Up By Presenting A Wide-Range Of Original National And Regional Studies, Including Some In-Depth Unique Case Studies Of Situations Involving Poverty And Social Disadvantage. The Relative Coverage Of Topics In This Book Broadly Reflects The Comparative Geographical Incidence Of Poverty Globally. A Feature Of This Book Is That The Contributions Have Been Written By Experts Who Have First-Hand Knowledge Of The Social Issues They Address.

The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty

Download The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789287040138
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty by : World Bank Group

Download or read book The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty written by World Bank Group and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade will have an important role at the global level in generating the growth necessary for reducing extreme poverty to 3 percent and boosting prosperity for the poorest 40 percent by 2030. To identify the most important challenges that exist in maximizing the positive impact of trade on poverty, we need to understand who the poor are, where they are, and what economic activities they undertake. To this end, the study highlights particularly relevant dimensions of poverty: rural poverty in remote areas, informality, fragile and conflict situations, and women. For each of these issues, this study considers the main traderelated barriers and challenges, along with policy responses to address them. It shows the importance of the multilateral trading system and of the Doha Round, as well as the important role of the WBG and WTO in promoting coherence and implementing trade policies in a way that delivers the greatest possible benefits for the poor.

Social Capital and Poor Communities

Download Social Capital and Poor Communities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610444825
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Social Capital and Poor Communities by : Susan Saegert

Download or read book Social Capital and Poor Communities written by Susan Saegert and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2002-01-10 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neighborhood support groups have always played a key role in helping the poor survive, but combating poverty requires more than simply meeting the needs of day-to-day subsistence. Social Capital and Poor Communities shows the significant achievements that can be made through collective strategies, which empower the poor to become active partners in revitalizing their neighborhoods. Trust and cooperation among residents and local organizations such as churches, small businesses, and unions form the basis of social capital, which provides access to resources that would otherwise be out of reach to poor families. Social Capital and Poor Communities examines civic initiatives that have built affordable housing, fostered small businesses, promoted neighborhood safety, and increased political participation. At the core of each initiative lie local institutions—church congregations, parent-teacher groups, tenant associations, and community improvement alliances. The contributors explore how such groups build networks of leaders and followers and how the social power they cultivate can be successfully transferred from smaller goals to broader political advocacy. For example, community-based groups often become platforms for leaders hoping to run for local office. Church-based groups and interfaith organizations can lobby for affordable housing, job training programs, and school improvement. Social Capital and Poor Communities convincingly demonstrates why building social capital is so important in enabling the poor to seek greater access to financial resources and public services. As the contributors make clear, this task is neither automatic nor easy. The book's frank discussions of both successes and failures illustrate the pitfalls—conflicts of interest, resistance from power elites, and racial exclusion—that can threaten even the most promising initiatives. The impressive evidence in this volume offers valuable insights into how goal formation, leadership, and cooperation can be effectively cultivated, resulting in a remarkable force for change and a rich public life even for those communities mired in seemingly hopeless poverty. A Volume in the Ford Foundation Series on Asset Building

U.S. Health in International Perspective

Download U.S. Health in International Perspective PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264146
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis U.S. Health in International Perspective by : National Research Council

Download or read book U.S. Health in International Perspective written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

The Colors of Poverty

Download The Colors of Poverty PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 0871545403
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (715 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Colors of Poverty by : Ann Chih Lin

Download or read book The Colors of Poverty written by Ann Chih Lin and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2010-09 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the increasing diversity of the nation—particularly with respect to its growing Hispanic and Asian populations—why does racial and ethnic difference so often lead to disadvantage? In The Colors of Poverty, a multidisciplinary group of experts provides a breakthrough analysis of the complex mechanisms that connect poverty and race. The Colors of Poverty reframes the debate over the causes of minority poverty by emphasizing the cumulative effects of disadvantage in perpetuating poverty across generations. The contributors consider a kaleidoscope of factors that contribute to widening racial gaps, including education, racial discrimination, social capital, immigration, and incarceration. Michèle Lamont and Mario Small grapple with the theoretical ambiguities of existing cultural explanations for poverty disparities. They argue that culture and structure are not competing explanations for poverty, but rather collaborate to produce disparities. Looking at how attitudes and beliefs exacerbate racial stratification, social psychologist Heather Bullock links the rise of inequality in the United States to an increase in public tolerance for disparity. She suggests that the American ethos of rugged individualism and meritocracy erodes support for antipoverty programs and reinforces the belief that people are responsible for their own poverty. Sociologists Darren Wheelock and Christopher Uggen focus on the collateral consequences of incarceration in exacerbating racial disparities and are the first to propose a link between legislation that blocks former drug felons from obtaining federal aid for higher education and the black/white educational attainment gap. Joe Soss and Sanford Schram argue that the increasingly decentralized and discretionary nature of state welfare programs allows for different treatment of racial groups, even when such policies are touted as "race-neutral." They find that states with more blacks and Hispanics on welfare rolls are consistently more likely to impose lifetime limits, caps on benefits for mothers with children, and stricter sanctions. The Colors of Poverty is a comprehensive and evocative introduction to the dynamics of race and inequality. The research in this landmark volume moves scholarship on inequality beyond a simple black-white paradigm, beyond the search for a single cause of poverty, and beyond the promise of one "magic bullet" solution. A Volume in the National Poverty Center Series on Poverty and Public Policy

Poverty in the Philippines

Download Poverty in the Philippines PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
ISBN 13 : 9292547410
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (925 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Poverty in the Philippines by : Asian Development Bank

Download or read book Poverty in the Philippines written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the backdrop of the global financial crisis and rising food, fuel, and commodity prices, addressing poverty and inequality in the Philippines remains a challenge. The proportion of households living below the official poverty line has declined slowly and unevenly in the past four decades, and poverty reduction has been much slower than in neighboring countries such as the People's Republic of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Economic growth has gone through boom and bust cycles, and recent episodes of moderate economic expansion have had limited impact on the poor. Great inequality across income brackets, regions, and sectors, as well as unmanaged population growth, are considered some of the key factors constraining poverty reduction efforts. This publication analyzes the causes of poverty and recommends ways to accelerate poverty reduction and achieve more inclusive growth. it also provides an overview of current government responses, strategies, and achievements in the fight against poverty and identifies and prioritizes future needs and interventions. The analysis is based on current literature and the latest available data, including the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey.

Haiti

Download Haiti PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498355137
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Haiti by : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

Download or read book Haiti written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-06-10 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper focuses on Haiti’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and 2014–2016 Three-Year Investment Program. The Haiti Strategic Development Plan presents the new framework for the planning, programming, and management of Haitian development, the vision and the strategic guidelines for the country’s development, and the four major work areas to be implemented to ensure the recovery and development of Haiti. The Three-Year Investment Program, 2014–2016 (PTI 2014–2016) concerns implementation of the Strategic Plan for Development of Haiti and more specifically implementation of the government’s priorities for the period.

Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015

Download Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9781464803369
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015 by : World Bank;International Monetary Fund

Download or read book Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015 written by World Bank;International Monetary Fund and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-10-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015: Ending Poverty and Sharing Prosperity was written jointly by the World Bank Group (WBG) and the International Monetary Fund, with substantive inputs from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. This year's report details, for the first time, progress toward the WBG's twin goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and promoting shared prosperity and assesses the state of policies and institutions that are important for achieving them. The report continues to monitor progress on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Also for the first time, the report includes information about high-income countries. It finds that while gaps in living standards have been closing in many countries, the well-being of households in the bottom 40 percent, as measured by the non-income MDGs such as access to education and health services, remains below that of households in the top 60 percent. The focus of this year's report is on three elements needed to make growth more inclusive and sustainable: investment in human capital that favors the poor, the best use of safety nets, and steps to ensure the environmental sustainability of economic growth. These three elements are imperative to all countries' development strategies, and are also fundamental to global efforts to achieve the twin goals, the MDGs, and the Sustainable Development Goals that will succeed the MDGs. Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015 was prepared in collaboration with regional development banks and other multilateral partners.

Rural Development

Download Rural Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1839686170
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (396 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rural Development by : Paola de Salvo

Download or read book Rural Development written by Paola de Salvo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-02-02 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book brings together a series of contributions with a common goal of reflecting the links between economic development and rural development. The scenario is dotted not only with old and new wounds but also with innovative strategies in an attempt to overcome existing delays. The chapters of the book are composed of scenarios full of case studies. The plans to be adopted to help the countries that have lagged behind fueled an intense debate since the obstacles to development, as evidenced by the extensive scientific literature available, now appeared to be the realities present in the socio-economic structures of a large number of villages. Although the data available are still few, it is assumed that the Covid-19 pandemic will make a landscape already full of criticalities even more fragile.