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Phosgene
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Download or read book Phosgene written by T.A. Ryan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-05-24 with total page 979 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosgene, COCl2 is a C1 chemical of major industrial importance. The annual production, worldwide, is more than 1 million tons; 90% of which is used in the manufacture of isocyanates and of polyurethane and polycarbonate resins. Phosgene is also extensively used as a synthetic reagent in organic chemistry, in particular in the preparation of acyl chlorides, chloroformate esters, organic carbonates and carbamoyl chlorides.Although more than 7000 papers have appeared on phosgene and some 1000 papers on its analogues, this is the first book on these interesting chemicals. It presents a critical treatise of phosgene, ranging from its discovery and subsequent use as a war gas to some potential applications of the material into the 21st century. It includes chapters on biological effects and industrial hygiene; on synthesis, formation and manufacture; analysis, uses, environmental effects, and physical and thermodynamic properties. Reactions with organic and inorganic materials are described. Four of the seventeen chapters are devoted to a description of the carbonyl halides (especially carbonyl difluoride) related to phosgene, and a special section deals collectively with the electronic structures of carbonyl halide molecules.Featuring the first-ever comprehensive discussion of the medical effects of phosgene poisoning and the most modern methods of treating exposure victims, the book will be of interest to historians and militarists and those working in the chemical industries (heavy chemicals, agricultural and pharmaceutical), university libraries, hospitals, medical research centres, museums, environmental research centres, poison units and health and safety institutions world-wide.
Download or read book Phosgenations written by Livius Cotarca and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this manual, the authors compare the range of applications for phosgene with that of the alternative compounds, dealing in detail with the possible uses of diphosgene, triphosgene, carbon dioxide, organic carbonates, oxalylchloride and many other alternative materials used in synthesis. However, they clearly point out those cases where phosgene continues to have the advantage. The result is a mine of information for synthetic chemists working in industry and academia faced with the question of where the toxic phosgene can be replaced by an unproblematic compound - including the safety phosgenation.
Download or read book Phosgene Toxicity written by and published by IChemE. This book was released on 1993 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series of Major Hazards Monographs consider topics as diverse as ammonia toxicity, explosive overpressure, thermal radiation, source terms and piping failures.
Book Synopsis Phosgene Detector by : Ambrose R. Nichols (Jr.)
Download or read book Phosgene Detector written by Ambrose R. Nichols (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Emergency Response Guidebook by : U.S. Department of Transportation
Download or read book Emergency Response Guidebook written by U.S. Department of Transportation and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2013-06-03 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does the identification number 60 indicate a toxic substance or a flammable solid, in the molten state at an elevated temperature? Does the identification number 1035 indicate ethane or butane? What is the difference between natural gas transmission pipelines and natural gas distribution pipelines? If you came upon an overturned truck on the highway that was leaking, would you be able to identify if it was hazardous and know what steps to take? Questions like these and more are answered in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Learn how to identify symbols for and vehicles carrying toxic, flammable, explosive, radioactive, or otherwise harmful substances and how to respond once an incident involving those substances has been identified. Always be prepared in situations that are unfamiliar and dangerous and know how to rectify them. Keeping this guide around at all times will ensure that, if you were to come upon a transportation situation involving hazardous substances or dangerous goods, you will be able to help keep others and yourself out of danger. With color-coded pages for quick and easy reference, this is the official manual used by first responders in the United States and Canada for transportation incidents involving dangerous goods or hazardous materials.
Book Synopsis Chemical and Biological Terrorism by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Chemical and Biological Terrorism written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-12 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The threat of domestic terrorism today looms larger than ever. Bombings at the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City's Federal Building, as well as nerve gas attacks in Japan, have made it tragically obvious that American civilians must be ready for terrorist attacks. What do we need to know to help emergency and medical personnel prepare for these attacks? Chemical and Biological Terrorism identifies the R&D efforts needed to implement recommendations in key areas: pre-incident intelligence, detection and identification of chemical and biological agents, protective clothing and equipment, early recognition that a population has been covertly exposed to a pathogen, mass casualty decontamination and triage, use of vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and the psychological effects of terror. Specific objectives for computer software development are also identified. The book addresses the differences between a biological and chemical attack, the distinct challenges to the military and civilian medical communities, and other broader issues. This book will be of critical interest to anyone involved in civilian preparedness for terrorist attack: planners, administrators, responders, medical professionals, public health and emergency personnel, and technology designers and engineers.
Book Synopsis Toxicologic Assessment of the Army's Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests by : National Research Council
Download or read book Toxicologic Assessment of the Army's Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-05-30 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. Army conducted atmospheric dispersion tests in many American cities using fluorescent particles of zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) to develop and verify meteorological models to estimate the dispersal of aerosols. Upon learning of the tests, many citizens and some public health officials in the affected cities raised concerns about the health consequences of the tests. This book assesses the public health effects of the Army's tests, including the toxicity of ZnCdS, the toxicity of surrogate cadmium compounds, the environmental fate of ZnCdS, the extent of public exposures from the dispersion tests, and the risks of such exposures.
Book Synopsis Chemical Warfare Agents by : Timothy T. Marrs
Download or read book Chemical Warfare Agents written by Timothy T. Marrs and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-04-04 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Warfare Agents, Second Edition has been totally revised since the successful first edition and expanded to about three times the length, with many new chapters and much more in-depth consideration of all the topics. The chapters have been written by distinguished international experts in various aspects of chemical warfare agents and edited by an experienced team to produce a clear review of the field. The book now contains a wealth of material on the mechanisms of action of the major chemical warfare agents, including the nerve agent cyclosarin, formally considered to be of secondary importance, as well as ricin and abrin. Chemical Warfare Agents, Second Edition discusses the physico-chemical properties of chemical warfare agents, their dispersion and fate in the environment, their toxicology and management of their effects on humans, decontamination and protective equipment. New chapters cover the experience gained after the use of sarin to attack travellers on the Tokyo subway and how to deal with the outcome of the deployment of riot control agents such as CS gas. This book provides a comprehensive review of chemical warfare agents, assessing all available evidence regarding the medical, technical and legal aspects of their use. It is an invaluable reference work for physicians, public health planners, regulators and any other professionals involved in this field. Review of the First Edition: "What more appropriate time for a title of this scope than in the post 9/11 era? ...a timely, scholarly, and well-written volume which offers much information of immense current and...future benefit." —VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY
Book Synopsis Chemical Warfare Agents by : M. Somani Satu
Download or read book Chemical Warfare Agents written by M. Somani Satu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-07 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many books cover the emergency response to chemical terrorism. But what happens after the initial crisis? Chlorine, phosgene, and mustard were used in World War I. Only years after the war were the long-term effects of these gases realized. In the 60s, 70s, and 80s, these and other agents were used in localized wars. Chemical Warfare Agents: Tox
Book Synopsis The Poisonous Cloud by : L. F. Haber
Download or read book The Poisonous Cloud written by L. F. Haber and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1986-02-20 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author examines fully the military role of chemical warfare and its effects on the people, industries, and administrations on both sides; he also considers the growing moral problems it created. The launching of an entirely new weapon that did not discriminate between soldiers and civilians raised complex issues which were debated endlessly between the wars and which, in recent years, have led to agreement among the powers not to use chemical or biological warfare.
Book Synopsis Adsorption and Its Applications in Industry and Environmental Protection: Applications in environmental protection by : A. Dąbrowski
Download or read book Adsorption and Its Applications in Industry and Environmental Protection: Applications in environmental protection written by A. Dąbrowski and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1999 with total page 1106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardbound. Volume II contains chapters written by authoritative specialists on the broad spectrum of environmental topics in order to find a way for intense anthropogenic activities to coexist with the natural environment. The book highlights a wide spectrum of themes referring to the environmental analysis and control and molecular modelling of both sorbents and adsorption environmentally-friendly processes. Also covered are new trends in applications of colloidal science for protecting soil systems, purification and production of drinking water, water and groundwater treatment, new environmental adsorbents for removal of pollutants from wastewaters and sewages, selective sorbents for hot combustion gases, some corrosion aspects and ecological adsorption of heating and cooling pumps.The volume concludes with a comprehensive bibliography, which includes the period 1967-1997, on adsorptive separations, environmental applications, PSA, parametric pumping
Book Synopsis Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory by : George Lunn
Download or read book Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory written by George Lunn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes practical procedures for the destruction of hazardous chemicals and biological agents in the laboratory in which they are used. The book is a continuation and expansion of “Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory.” It follows the same general approach as the first and second editions but includes a number of new chapters including one on using advanced oxidation techniques as a general means of degrading chemicals. All the monographs from the second edition are incorporated in this volume and are revised and extended as necessary. A number of new monographs describing procedures for the destruction of hazardous chemicals have also been added. The destruction of many pharmaceuticals is also described in this book. This subject has become of increasing importance with recent reports of the detection of pharmaceuticals in the water supply. Finally a new addition is the chapter “General Methods for the Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory.” This chapter describes recent advanced oxidation methods that should be generally applicable to all organic compounds. The methods use commonly available laboratory equipment and reagents.
Book Synopsis Veterans at Risk by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Veterans at Risk written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, World War II veterans have come forward to claim compensation for health effects they say were caused by their participation in chemical warfare experiments. In response, the Veterans Administration asked the Institute of Medicine to study the issue. Based on a literature review and personal testimony from more than 250 affected veterans, this new volume discusses in detail the development and chemistry of mustard agents and Lewisite followed by interesting and informative discussions about these substances and their possible connection to a range of health problems, from cancer to reproductive disorders. The volume also offers an often chilling historical examination of the use of volunteers in chemical warfare experiments by the U.S. militaryâ€"what the then-young soldiers were told prior to the experiments, how they were "encouraged" to remain in the program, and how they were treated afterward. This comprehensive and controversial book will be of importance to policymakers and legislators, military and civilian planners, officials at the Department of Veterans Affairs, military historians, and researchers.
Download or read book Toxic written by Dan Kaszeta and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nerve agents are the world's deadliest means of chemical warfare. Nazi Germany developed the first military-grade nerve agents and massive industry for their manufacture--yet, strangely, the Third Reich never used them. At the end of the Second World War, the Allies were stunned to discover this advanced and extensive programme. The Soviets and Western powers embarked on a new arms race, amassing huge chemical arsenals. From their Nazi invention to the 2018 Novichok attack in Britain, Dan Kaszeta uncovers nerve agents' gradual spread across the world, despite international arms control efforts. They've been deployed in the Iran-Iraq War, by terrorists in Japan, in the Syrian Civil War, and by assassins in Malaysia and Salisbury--always with bitter consequences. Toxic recounts the grisly history of these weapons of mass destruction: a deadly suite of invisible, odourless killers.
Book Synopsis Noxious Gases and the Principles of Respiration Influencing Their Action by : Yandell Henderson
Download or read book Noxious Gases and the Principles of Respiration Influencing Their Action written by Yandell Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals by : National Research Council
Download or read book Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-25 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals contains a detailed and comprehensive methodology for developing acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for toxic substances from inhalation exposures. The book provides guidance on what documents and databases to use, toxicity endpoints that need to be evaluated, dosimetry corrections from animal to human exposures, selection of appropriate uncertainty factors to address the variability between animals and humans and within the human population, selection of modifying factors to address data deficiencies, time scaling, and quantitative cancer risk assessment. It also contains an example of a summary of a technical support document and an example of AEGL derivation. This book will be useful to persons in the derivation of levels from other exposure routesâ€"both oral and dermalâ€"as well as risk assessors in the government, academe, and private industry.
Download or read book Hazardous Gases written by Jaspal Singh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-17 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hazardous Gases: Risk Assessment on Environment and Human Health examines all relevant routes of exposure, inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion, and control measures of specifics hazardous gases resulting from workplace exposure from industrial processes, traffic fumes, and the degradation of waste materials and how they impacts the health and environment of workers. The book examines the risk assessment and effect of poisonous gases on the environment human health. It also covers necessary emergency guidelines, safety measures, physiological impact, hazard control measures, handling and storage of hazardous gases. Each chapter is formatted to include an introduction, historical background, physicochemical properties, physiological role discussing mechanisms of toxicity, its effect on human health as well as environment, followed by case studies and recent research on toxic gases. Hazardous Gases: Risk Assessment on Environment and Human Health is a helpful resource for academics and researchers in toxicology, occupational health and safety, and environmental sciences as well as those in the field who work to assess and mitigate the impact of toxic gases on the work environment and the health of the workforce. - Emphasizes the environmental monitoring in the workplace of hazardous materials - Includes all relevant storage and handling information required for detailing all personnel on the hazards and risks from the substances with which they work - Offers practical examples and case studies related to toxic gases and their impact on health
