Pharmacology Of Endogenous Neurotoxins

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Pharmacology of Endogenous Neurotoxins

Author : Andreas Moser
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461220009
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Pharmacology of Endogenous Neurotoxins by : Andreas Moser

Download or read book Pharmacology of Endogenous Neurotoxins written by Andreas Moser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a great pleasure to write the foreword to this important volume for several reasons. First: As far as we know, already primitive societies had to cope with environmental toxins of many kinds and set up regulations to limit their effects on food and drug use. Modem science, synthesizing tens of millions of new compounds has incredibly magnified this challenge. Today, xenobiotic metabolism has become a crucial task for humans and many other species alike. Second: When reading this book, one is impressed by the extraordinary speed at which neurotoxicology has advanced. Obviously, processing (and endogenous formation) oftox ins has become an extremely relevant topic. When I had the chance, almost three decades ago, to work in chemical pharmacology with Bernard B. Brodie at NIH, the drug metabo lizing system of the liver had just been recognized and characterized. We had just started to work on the biogenic amines, newly discovered cyclic nucleotides in rat brain, human cere brospinal fluid, and on the effects of toxic drugs like amphetamines. Today, biochemical neuropharmacology is a mature field of neuroscience.

Pharmacology of Endogenous Neurotoxins

Author : Andreas Moser
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781461220015
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Pharmacology of Endogenous Neurotoxins by : Andreas Moser

Download or read book Pharmacology of Endogenous Neurotoxins written by Andreas Moser and published by . This book was released on 1997-12-18 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neurotoxins and Neurodegenerative Disease

Author : James William Langston
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Neurotoxins and Neurodegenerative Disease by : James William Langston

Download or read book Neurotoxins and Neurodegenerative Disease written by James William Langston and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of neurotoxins as tools to study neurodegenerative disorders is explored by both basic and clinical scientists in this text. The emphasis is on whether or not exogenous or endogenous neurotoxins may be part of the natural etiology of neurodegenerative disorders. An in-depth analysis of the potential mechanism of action of various neurotoxins, including MPTP, methamphetamine, kainic acid and several other excitotoxins, and the cholinergic neurotoxin AF-64A, is featured.

Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants

Author : Lucyna Antkiewicz-Michaluk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461415411
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants by : Lucyna Antkiewicz-Michaluk

Download or read book Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants written by Lucyna Antkiewicz-Michaluk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-06 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The specific topic, “Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants – New Perspectives In Parkinson`S Disease Therapy,” was chosen in light of accumulating neurobiological evidence indicating that, in addition to exogenous neurotoxins (e.g., 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine [MPTP]), endogenous compounds may play an important role in the most common neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Parkinson`s disease). Two groups of amine related compounds, which appeared chemically like MPTP, were detected in human brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): ß-carbolines (BCs) and tetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs). These are heterocyclic compounds formed endogenously from phenylalanine/tyrosine (TIQs) and tryptophan, tryptamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (BCs), respectively and exert a wide spectrum of psychopharmacological and behavioral effects. The TIQs and BCs may bind to their own high affinity sites on neuronal membranes associated with or located close to the receptors of neurotransmitters. Research on TIQs and BCs is stimulated also by their possible role in pathological conditions, especially parkinsonism and alcoholism. Recently, clinical interest has been spurred by their role as neuroprotective, and even neurorestorative, anticonvulsant and antiaddictive, substances. In this book we are going to summarize, for the first time, the results from behavioral, neurochemical and molecular experiments, which demonstrate a wide spectrum of TIQs and BCs effects - from their rather mild neurotoxic actions to the important neuroprotective and antiaddictive properties. Additionally, the recent results of experimental studies in vivo have allowed a much better understanding and simultaneous comparison of the neurochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and neurotoxic actions of endogenous TIQs and BCs and have pointed to the possibility of their therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

Environmental Neurotoxicology

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309045312
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Neurotoxicology by : National Research Council

Download or read book Environmental Neurotoxicology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists agree that exposure to toxic agents in the environment can cause neurological and psychiatric illnesses ranging from headaches and depression to syndromes resembling parkinsonism. It can even result in death at high exposure levels. The emergence of subclinical neurotoxicity-the concept that long-term impairments can escape clinical detection-makes the need for risk assessment even more critical. This volume paves the way toward definitive solutions, presenting the current consensus on risk assessment and environmental toxicants and offering specific recommendations. The book covers: The biologic basis of neurotoxicity. Progress in the application of biologic markers. Reviews of a wide range of in vitro and in vivo testing techniques. The use of surveillance and epidemiology to identify neurotoxic hazards that escape premarket screening. Research needs. This volume will be an important resource for policymakers, health specialists, researchers, and students.

Basic Neurochemistry

Author : Scott Brady
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080959016
Total Pages : 1120 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Basic Neurochemistry by : Scott Brady

Download or read book Basic Neurochemistry written by Scott Brady and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-11-02 with total page 1120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic Neurochemistry: Principles of Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Neurobiology, the outstanding and comprehensive classic text on neurochemistry, is now newly updated and revised in its Eighth Edition. For more than forty years, this text has been the worldwide standard for information on the biochemistry of the nervous system, serving as a resource for postgraduate trainees and teachers in neurology, psychiatry, and basic neuroscience, as well as for medical, graduate, and postgraduate students and instructors in the neurosciences. The text has evolved, as intended, with the science. It is also an excellent source of current information on basic biochemical and cellular processes in brain function and neurological diseases for continuing medical education and qualifying examinations. This text continues to be the standard reference and textbook for exploring the translational nature of neuroscience, bringing basic and clinical neuroscience together in one authoritative volume. Our book title reflects the expanded attention to these links between neurochemistry and neurologic disease. This new edition continues to cover the basics of neurochemistry as in the earlier editions, along with expanded and additional coverage of new research from: Intracellular trafficking; Stem cells, adult neurogenesis, regeneration; Lipid messengers; Expanded coverage of all major neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders; Neurochemistry of addiction; Neurochemistry of pain; Neurochemistry of hearing and balance; Neurobiology of learning and memory; Sleep; Myelin structure, development, and disease; Autism; and Neuroimmunology. Completely updated text with new authors and material, and many entirely new chapters Over 400 fully revised figures in splendid color 61 chapters covering the range of cellular, molecular and medical neuroscience Translational science boxes emphasizing the connections between basic and clinical neuroscience Companion website at http://elsevierdirect.com/companions/9780123749475

Biological Reactive Intermediates V

Author : Robert R. Snyder
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475794800
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Reactive Intermediates V by : Robert R. Snyder

Download or read book Biological Reactive Intermediates V written by Robert R. Snyder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of organic chemistry is based on the ability of suitably structured chemicals to bind together through the formation of covalent bonds. Biochemistry is replete with exam ples of enzymatically catalyzed reactions in which normal body constituents can be linked through covalent bonds during the process of intermediary metabolism. The finding that xenobiotic chemicals that enter the body from the environment, are metabolized to highly reactive species, and then covalently react with cellular macromolecules to induce toxic and carcinogenic effects was an observation that spawned the research featured in the Fifth International Symposium on Biological Reactive Intermediates (BRI V). The group of investigators that became fascinated with this process and its signifi cance in terms of human health began their discussions in Turku, Finland (J 975), and continued them at Guildford, England (1980), College Park, Maryland (1985), Tucson, Arizona (1990), and Munich, Germany (1995). Among the results were a series of reports listed below, as well as the book for which this serves as the Preface. • Jollow, DJ., Kocsis, J.J., Snyder, R. and Vainio, H. (eds), Biological Reactive Intermediates: Formation, Toxicity and Inactivation, Plenum Press, NY, 1975. • Snyder, R., Park, D.V., Kocsis, J.J., Jollow, D.V., Gibson, G.G. and Witmer, C.M. (eds), Biological Reactive Intermediates II: Chemical Mechanisms and Biological Effects, Plenum Press, N.Y., 1982.

War Neurology

Author : L. Tatu
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318056065
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis War Neurology by : L. Tatu

Download or read book War Neurology written by L. Tatu and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the history of neurological science has increased significantly during the last decade, but the significance of war has been overlooked in related research. In contrast, this book highlights war as a factor of progress in neurological science. Light is shed on this little-known topic through accounts given by neurologists in war, experiences of soldiers suffering from neurological diseases, and chapters dedicated to neurology in total and contemporary war. Written by experts, the contributions in this book focus on the Napoleonic Wars, the American Civil War, the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, World Wars I and II, and recent conflicts such as Vietnam or Afghanistan. Comprehensive yet concise and accessible, this book serves as a fascinating read for neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, historians, and anyone else interested in the history of neurology.

Clinical Studies and Therapies in Parkinson's Disease

Author : Juan Segura-Aguilar
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128221585
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Studies and Therapies in Parkinson's Disease by : Juan Segura-Aguilar

Download or read book Clinical Studies and Therapies in Parkinson's Disease written by Juan Segura-Aguilar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-06-12 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 50 years have passed since the use of L-dopa in the palliative treatment of Parkinson’s disease, but it remains the most common treatment despite inducing severe side effects such as dyskinesia after 4–6 years of use. Numerous preclinical investigations based on endogenous neurotoxin models have promised various therapies for Parkinson’s disease, but these efforts have failed when attempting to transfer these successful results to preclinical studies. Although several publications have warned of these failures, the scientific community remains mostly unaware, and there is a need to focus their efforts on potential therapeutics that can slow or halt development of the disease. Clinical Studies and Therapies in Parkinson’s Disease: Translations from Preclinical Models analyzes preclinical models based on exogenous neurotoxins and why they have failed. Neuroscientists, neurologists, and neuropharmacologists will benefit greatly from the book’s discussion of these newer models, their benefits, and the need for their implementation. This book also provides the basic concepts of dopamine metabolism for students taking courses in neurochemistry, neuroscience, neuropharmacology, biochemistry, and medicine. Reviews Parkinson's disease classification, pharmacological therapies, and nonmotor and motor symptoms Analyzes preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease therapies based on exogenous neurotoxins and why they have failed Reviews genetic preclinical models based on genetic mutations and endogenous neurotoxins Proposes a more physiological model directly related to the metabolism of dopaminergic neurons Provides the basic concepts and mechanisms of dopamine metabolism

Valproate

Author : Wolfgang Löscher
Publisher : Birkhäuser
ISBN 13 : 3034887590
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Valproate by : Wolfgang Löscher

Download or read book Valproate written by Wolfgang Löscher and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the fortuitous discovery of its anticonvulsant activIty in 1962, valproate has established itself worldwide as a major antiepileptic drug against several types of epileptic seizures. Clinical experience with valpro ate has continued to grow in recent years, including use of valproate for diseases other than epilepsy, for example in bipolar disorders and migraine. In this volume on valproate emphasis is placed on the scientific back ground leading to the discovery of val pro ate, its subsequent pharmacologi cal and toxicological characterization, and its clinical development into one of the most widely and successfully used anti epileptic drugs, a real mile stone in drug therapy. The current state of knowledge of valproate will be reviewed by experts in the field, including new hypotheses about its mecha nisms of action, its metabolism into pharmacologically active metabolites, its unique distribution characteristics, its unwanted hepatotoxic and terato genic adverse effects and its various clinical uses. Furthermore, the wide variety of available pharmaceutical formulations of valproate, including novel controlled-release formulations, will be outlined. The monograph is aimed at a broad readership, particularly neurologists, psychiatrists and basic scientists working in the field of epilepsy research. Because the monograph also deals with structure-activity relationships of valproate as well as of its metabolites and analogs, the book should also serve for rese archers working in medicinal chemistry, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry.

Pain and Neurogenic Inflammation

Author : S.D. Brain
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3034887531
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Pain and Neurogenic Inflammation by : S.D. Brain

Download or read book Pain and Neurogenic Inflammation written by S.D. Brain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-11 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is intended to bring together recent advances in the often separate fields of pain and neurogenic inflammation. To this end, eminent researchers from both domains have contributed in-depth discussion of the mechanisms underlying these processes. Individual chapters focus on important recent discoveries such as the cloning of the capsaicin receptor and the discovery of RAMP proteins for CGRP receptors. This book provides an integrated account of recent advances in the fields of pain and neurogenic inflammation. The volume is intended to bring together studies from eminent researchers in the often separate research fields of pain and inflammation. "Pain and Neurogenic Inflammation" is aimed primarily at postgraduate researchers as well as academic and industrial researchers in pain and inflammation but is also likely to be of interest to undergraduate students seeking a firm grounding in the mechanisms underlying these important clinical conditions.

Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin

Author : Lance Simpson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323141609
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin by : Lance Simpson

Download or read book Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin written by Lance Simpson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin covers the mechanism of action, pathogenesis, and treatment of clostridial neurotoxins. The book is organized into four parts encompassing 18 chapters that discuss the origin, structure, pharmacology, toxicology, immunology, assays, and clinical issues of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins. The introductory part of the book discusses the discovery and production of neurotoxins in various strains of Clostridium bacteria. This text also describes how specific bacteriophages and plasmids mediate the pathogenicity of some types of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani. The subsequent part provides an overview of issues related to toxin binding, including toxins that may serve as models for botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins. Discussions on the peripheral and central aspects of poisoning transport in the central nervous system and on the antagonistic drugs for clostridial neurotoxins are provided. The third part of the book addresses the antibodies against botulinum neurotoxin. Bioassay in mice and highly sensitive immunoassays, such as reversed passive hemagglutination, reversed passive latex agglutination, radioimmunoassay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, are presented. The concluding part covers the animal models for these toxins and discusses the diagnosis and treatment of botulism and tetanus in human. The clinical use of Clostridium botulinum toxin type A in ocular and neuromuscular disease is also examined. This book will be of value to protein chemists, microbiologists, virologists, pharmacologists, immunologists, and clinicians.

Brain Disorders in Critical Illness

Author : Robert D. Stevens
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107434424
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Disorders in Critical Illness by : Robert D. Stevens

Download or read book Brain Disorders in Critical Illness written by Robert D. Stevens and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain dysfunction is a major clinical problem in intensive care, with potentially debilitating long-term consequences for post-ICU patients of any age. The resulting extended length of stay in the ICU and post-discharge cognitive dysfunction are now recognized as major healthcare burdens. This comprehensive clinical text provides intensivists and neurologists with a practical review of the pathophysiology of brain dysfunction and a thorough account of the diagnostic and therapeutic options available. Initial sections review the epidemiology, outcomes, relevant behavioral neurology and biological mechanisms of brain dysfunction. Subsequent sections evaluate the available diagnostic options and preventative and therapeutic interventions, with a final section on clinical encephalopathy syndromes encountered in the ICU. Each chapter is rich in illustrations, with an executive summary and a helpful glossary of terms. Brain Disorders in Critical Illness is a seminal reference for all physicians and neuroscientists interested in the care and outcome of severely ill patients.

Neurotoxic Factors in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders

Author : Alexander Storch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461512697
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Neurotoxic Factors in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders by : Alexander Storch

Download or read book Neurotoxic Factors in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders written by Alexander Storch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book stems from the 2nd Parkinson's Disease Symposium on Neurotoxic Factors in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, held on Augus 6-7, 1999 at the University of Ulm Medical School in Ulm at the Danube in Germany. The specific topic, neurotoxic factors in Parkinson's Disease, involves neurobiological, epidemiological and environmental factors that bring to light this second most common neurodegenerative disorder. This work is compiled by leading researchers in neurodegeneration from around the world, making it a unique, comprehensive, and useful publication.

Advances in Research on Neurodegeneration

Author : P. Riederer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783211835388
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (353 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Research on Neurodegeneration by : P. Riederer

Download or read book Advances in Research on Neurodegeneration written by P. Riederer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-12-13 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 8th International Winter Conference on Neurodegeneration from Febru ary 9 to 13, 2000 took place in Tegernsee, Bavaria, Germany. The interest shown in this symposium, which was carried by invited speakers only, was striking. 28 lectures in 5 sessions dealt with themes on basic science and therapy strategies for neurodegenerative illness. This time especially basic mechanism of cell death and resulting causal treatment possibilities were centre themes of the lectures and lively discussions. In accordance with tradi tion 5 lectures on Multiple Sclerosis finished the convention. 60 scientists from 13 countries discussed current questions to these themes. The Symposium started with a lecture on the history of the develop ment of modern-L-DOPA-therapy. Lectures on cell death of dopaminergic nerve cells, new valuation regarding assembly, built up and function of neuromelanin of Substantia nigra and with this, the question of the physio logic and pathobiochemical role of dopamine and neuromelanin built the first block of themes which consequently extended to molecular and genetic aspects of cell death. Highlights of the symposium were neuroprotective and neuroregenerative future therapy strategies together with discussions on the difficulties of clinical neuroprotection. Developmental biological aspects on nerve cells, reorganisation and neurodegeneration showed a stimulating point of view of momentary and future development possibilities of new and more causal forms of therapy of neurodegenerative illness."

Information Resources in Toxicology

Author : P.J. Bert Hakkinen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008053466X
Total Pages : 921 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Information Resources in Toxicology by : P.J. Bert Hakkinen

Download or read book Information Resources in Toxicology written by P.J. Bert Hakkinen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-01-10 with total page 921 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information Resources in Toxicology, Third Edition is a sourcebook for anyone who needs to know where to find toxicology information. It provides an up-to-date selective guide to a large variety of sources--books, journals, organizations, audiovisuals, internet and electronic sources, and more. For the Third Edition, the editors have selected, organized, and updated the most relevant information available. New information on grants and other funding opportunities, physical hazards, patent literature, and technical reports have also been added. This comprehensive, time-saving tool is ideal for toxicologists, pharmacologists, drug companies, testing labs, libraries, poison control centers, physicians, legal and regulatory professionals, and chemists. Serves as an all-in-one resource for toxicology information New edition includes information on publishers, grants and other funding opportunities, physical hazards, patent literature, and technical reports Updated to include the latest internet and electronic sources, e-mail addresses, etc. Provides valuable data about the new fields that have emerged within toxicological research; namely, the biochemical, cellular, molecular, and genetic aspects

Snake Venoms

Author : P. Gopalakrishnakone
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789400764095
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Snake Venoms by : P. Gopalakrishnakone

Download or read book Snake Venoms written by P. Gopalakrishnakone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the field of Toxinology has expanded substantially. On the one hand it studies venomous animals, plants and micro organisms in detail to understand their mode of action on targets. While on the other, it explores the biochemical composition, genomics and proteomics of toxins and venoms to understand their three interaction with life forms (especially humans), development of antidotes and exploring their pharmacological potential. Therefore, Toxinology has deep linkages with biochemistry, molecular biology, anatomy and pharmacology. In addition, there is a fast developing applied subfield, clinical toxinology, which deals with understanding and managing medical effects of toxins on human body. Given the huge impact of toxin-based deaths globally, and the potential of venom in generation of drugs for so-far incurable diseases (for example, Diabetes, Chronic Pain), the continued research and growth of the field is imminent. This has led to the growth of research in the area and the consequent scholarly output by way of publications in journals and books. Despite this ever growing body of literature within biomedical sciences, there is still no all-inclusive reference work available that collects all of the important biochemical, biomedical and clinical insights relating to Toxinology. The Handbook of Toxinology aims to address this gap and cover the field of Toxinology comprehensively.