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Author : I. Balásházy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (355 download)
Download or read book Particle Deposition in Airway Bifurcations for Inspiratory Flow written by I. Balásházy and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Chiu-sen Wang
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080455018
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Inhaled Particles written by Chiu-sen Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-01-20 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaled Particles integrates all that is known about inhaled particles in a unified treatment. It aims to provide a scientific framework essential to a reasonable understanding of inhaled particles. The emphasis is placed on demonstrating the key roles of lung morphology on airflow and particle transport as well as identifying physical and biological factors that influence deposition. Special attention is paid to maintaining consistency of treatment and a balance between theoretical modeling and experimental measurements. The book covers all important aspects of inhaled particles including inhalability, aerosol dispersion, particle deposition, and clearance. It reviews concisely the basic background of lung morphology, respiratory physiology, aerodynamics, and aerosol science pertinent to the subject. Essential aspects of health effects and applications are also included. An easy-to-read, self contained introduction to the field An excellent source of updated research information Useful for students and professionals in aerosol science, environmental health science, occupational hygiene, health physics and biomedical engineering
Author : I. Balásházy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (476 download)
Download or read book Particle Deposition in Airway Bifurcations for Inspiratoryflow written by I. Balásházy and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : I. Balásházy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (476 download)
Download or read book Particle Deposition in Airway Bifurcations for Inspiratoryflow written by I. Balásházy and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Folke Morén
Publisher : Elsevier Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Aerosols in Medicine written by Folke Morén and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1985 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309037263
Total Pages : 703 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health written by Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.
Author : James D. Crapo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Extrapolation of Dosimetric Relationships for Inhaled Particles and Gases written by James D. Crapo and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extrapolation Modeling, Advancements and Research Issues in Lung Dosimetry; Lung Structure, Function Relationships; Species Differences in Airway Cell Distribution and Morphology; Alternative Methods to Evaluate Species Differences in Upper Airway Structure, Function; Preparation of Rat Nasal Airway Casts and Their Application to Studies of Nasal Airflow; Age Related Morphometric Analysis of Human Lung Casts; Anatomical Modeling of Microdosimetry of Inhaled Particles and Gases in the Lung; Experimental Dosimetry; Particle Deposition at the Alveolar Duct Bifurcations; Effects of Airway Branch Angle, Branch Point Number, and Gravity on Particle Deposition and Retention; Regional Deposition of Inhaled Particulates in Conducting Airways and Lung Segments; The Physical Properties of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke and Their Relationship to Deposition in the Respiratory Tract; Localization of 14C Dotriacontane Labeled Cigarette Smoke Particulate in the Dog Lung; Human Lung Clearance Following Bolus Inhalation of Radioaerosols; Effects of Ventilatory Patterns and Pre-existing Disease on Deposition of Inhaled Particles in Animals; Nasopharyngeal Uptake of Ozone in Humans and Animals; New Methods; Regional Dosimetry of Inhaled Particles Using SPECT; Dual Laser Doppler System for Real Time, Simultaneous Characterization of Aerosols by Size and Concentration; Dosimetry of Inhaled Particles by Means of Light Scattering; Modeling Approaches; Issues That Must Be Addressed When Constructing Anatomical Models of the Developing Lung; Significances of the Variability of Tracheobronchial Airway Paths and Their Air Flow Rates to Dosimetry Model Predictions of the Absorption of Gases; Predicting Respiratory Tract Clearance in Man; The Role of Particle Hygroscopicity in Aerosol Therapy and Inhalation Toxicology; Age-Dependent Lung Dosimetry of Radon Progeny; Deposition and Retention Modeling of Inhaled Cadmium in Rat and Human Lung, An Example for Extrapolation of Effects and Risk Estimation.
Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Airborne Particles
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Airborne Particles written by National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Airborne Particles and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Joshua Gurman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (819 download)
Download or read book Particle Deposition Patterns in Human Upper Bronchial Airways Under Simulated Inspiratory Flow written by Joshua Gurman and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jonathan Steffens
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (664 download)
Download or read book Comparison of Particle Deposition for Realistic Adult and Adolescent Upper Airway Geometries Using Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics written by Jonathan Steffens and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Particle deposition in the respiratory tract is studied in order to better understand the negative health effects due to cigarette smoke inhalation. Until recently, idealized models of the respiratory airways based on the original Weibel model have been used to calculate deposition. These models consist of symmetric bifurcating airways and do not take into account variations of airway diameter, and asymmetry in the human respiratory tract. Until recently, little work has been done to accurately recreate the entire upper respiratory tract including the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Technological improvement has changed the way in which researchers approach this problem. With the advent of high resolution scans of the respiratory tract, accurate replica models can be created to better predict cigarette smoke particle (CSP) deposition. These models recreate actual lung geometries found in patients. For this thesis, two realistic geometric models are created. One is based on an adult male and the other on an adolescent male. CSP deposition is determined for both models in order to compare the difference cased by age in smoking. In addition, an unsteady breathing curve, indicative of realistic smoking behavior is utilized to more accurately represent the breathing conditions. Both models consist of the oral cavity, throat, larynx, trachea, and first five to seven generations of the lungs. The adult model is based on a dental cast of the mouth, a CT scan of the throat and larynx, and images based on the National Institute of Health's Visible Human Project for the tracheobronchial tree. The adolescent model is based upon a scaled oral cavity and CT scans of the rest of the reparatory tract. The program 3D Doctor is used to reconstruct the two dimensional CT scan images into a three dimensional model. VPSculpt and SolidWorks are used to combine the different parts of the models and clean up the geometry. The geometry is meshed in Gambit and exported to the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package Fluent to perform the fluid flow and particle deposition analysis. The Fluent Discrete Phase Model (DPM) is used to determine particle trajectories and deposition. It is found that deposition increases with the size of the inhaled particles. Particles tend to deposit towards the back of the throat, the area of the trachea just below the glottis, and at bifurcations in the airways. However, when compared to other studies in literature, deposition tended to be higher with smaller particle sizes, but more comparable with larger particle sizes. Adolescent deposition was found to be lower than adult deposition for all particle sizes."--Abstract.
Author : Xiaobo Zhu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (51 download)
Download or read book Computer Simulation of Inspiratory Flow and Particle Deposition in Human Oral Airway written by Xiaobo Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard A. Parent
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124047262
Total Pages : 835 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)
Download or read book Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung written by Richard A. Parent and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-03-13 with total page 835 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung, Second Edition, offers a rigorous and comprehensive reference for all those involved in pulmonary research. This fully updated work is divided into sections on anatomy and morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and immunological response. It continues to provide a unique comparative perspective on the mammalian lung. This edition includes several new chapters and expanded content, including aging and development of the normal lung, mechanical properties of the lung, genetic polymorphisms, the comparative effect of stress of pulmonary immune function, oxygen signaling in the mammalian lung and much more. By addressing scientific advances and critical issues in lung research, this 2nd edition is a timely and valuable work on comparative data for the interpretation of studies of animal models as compared to the human lung. - Edited and authored by experts in the field to provide an excellent and timely review of cross-species comparisons that will help you interpret and compare data from animal studies to human findings - Incorporates lung anatomy and physiology, cell specific interactions and immunological responses to provide you with a single and unique multidisciplinary source on the comparative biology of the normal lung - Includes new and expanded content on neonatal and aged lungs, developmental processes, cell signaling, antioxidants, airway cells, safety pharmacology and much more - Section IV on Physical and Immunological Defenses has been significantly updated with 9 new chapters and an increased focus on the pulmonary immunological system
Author : Ewald R. Weibel
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483225798
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Morphometry of the Human Lung written by Ewald R. Weibel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Morphometry of the Human Lung considers the developments in understanding the quantitative anatomy of the lung, and in the correlation of anatomy with physiology. This book is composed of 11 chapters, and begins with an overview of a systematic approach to a quantitative morphologic analysis of the architecture of the human lung, followed by a presentation of general problems of methodology and the derivation of reliable dimensional models of this organ. The subsequent chapters describe the methods of preparation of tissues, methods of random sampling, and adaptation of methodologies from other fields of science. These topics are followed by discussions the mathematical formulations for the translation of the data into the desired geometric forms and a technique of counting. The final chapters look into the mode of distribution and geometric forms that should eventually facilitate mathematical and physical considerations regarding the function of the lungs. These chapters also consider the application of these quantitative methods to the study of pathologic specimens, providing a most timely renovation of morphologic pathology. This book will be of value to pulmonologists, physiologists, and researchers who are interested in lung morphometry.
Author : Samir C. Vinchurkar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (341 download)
Download or read book Numerical Analysis of Respiratory Aerosol Deposition written by Samir C. Vinchurkar and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamics of particle laden flows are integral to the analysis of toxic particle deposition and medical respiratory aerosol delivery. Computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) can play a critical role in developing a better understanding of particle laden flows, especially in a number of under-explored areas. The applications considered in this study include both the numerical aspects and the physical phenomena of respiratory aerosol transport. Objective I: Considering the effects of mesh type and grid convergence, four commonly implemented mesh styles were applied to a double bifurcation respiratory geometry and tested for flow patterns and aerosol deposition. Results indicated that the mesh style employed had a significant effect on the transport and deposition of aerosols with hexahedral meshes being most accurate. Objective II: In order to evaluate the effects of bronchoconstriction under exhalation conditions, normal and constricted pediatric airway models were considered. Results include (i) a significant increase in deposition for constricted airways, and (ii) a novel correlation for deposition during exhalation based on the Dean and Stokes numbers. Objective IIIa: Considering evaluation of an aerosol size sampler, an eight-stage Andersen cascade impactor (ACI) was numerically analyzed. The numerical simulations indicated high non-uniformity and recirculation in the flow field. Numerical predictions of retention fraction matched well with existing experiments (0.5 - 11% error). Objective IIIb: As an extension to this study, numerical predictions of electrostatic charge effects on aerosol transport and deposition in the ACI were presented. Charges consistent with standard pharmaceutical pressurized metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers were considered. The numerical predictions indicated that charged aerosols deposit as if they were 5 - 85% larger due to electrostatic effects. Applications of the studies considered include (i) quantitative guidance in selecting numerical mesh styles and development of standard grid convergence criteria, (ii) the development of more accurate whole-lung deposition models that better evaluate exhalation conditions, (iii) improvements in the design of pharmaceutical assessment and delivery devices, and (vi) correction values to account for electrostatic charge on pharmaceutical aerosols.
Author : Karl A. Bell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (436 download)
Download or read book Theory of Particle Deposition by Inertial Forces at Bifurcations in the Human Respiratory Tract written by Karl A. Bell and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter Gehr
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420072579
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Particle-Lung Interactions written by Peter Gehr and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-25 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an expanded team of leading international scientists, the second edition thoroughly investigates research and therapies for managing adverse physiological effects of air-borne particles on the respiratory tract. The book examines the lung as the gateway for particle damage to organs outside the respiratory system and provide the informat
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309074568
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Environmental Tobacco Smoke written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1986-02-01 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book examines the recent research investigating the characteristics and composition of different types of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and discusses possible health effects of ETS. The volume presents an overview of methods used to determine exposures to environmental smoke and reviews both chronic and acute health effects. Many recommendations are made for areas of further research, including the differences between smokers and nonsmokers in absorbing, metabolizing, and excreting the components of ETS, and the possible effects of ETS exposure during childhood and fetal life.
