Palestinian Literature and Film in Postcolonial Feminist Perspective

Download Palestinian Literature and Film in Postcolonial Feminist Perspective PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136228152
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Palestinian Literature and Film in Postcolonial Feminist Perspective by : Anna Ball

Download or read book Palestinian Literature and Film in Postcolonial Feminist Perspective written by Anna Ball and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-27 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palestinian Literature and Film in Postcolonial Feminist Perspective is the first sustained study of gender-consciousness in the Palestinian creative imagination. Drawing on concepts from postcolonial feminist theory, Ball analyses a range of literary and filmic works by major creative practitioners including Michel Khleifi , Liana Badr, Annemarie Jacir, Elia Suleiman, Mona Hatoum and Suheir Hammad, and reveals a hitherto unrecognized trajectory in gender-consciousness under development in the Palestinian imagination from the start of the twentieth century. The book explores how these works resonate with questions of power, identity, nation, resistance, and self-representation in the Palestinian imagination more broadly, and asks how these gender-conscious narratives transform our understanding of Palestine's struggle for postcoloniality. Working at the cusp of postcolonial, feminist and cultural enquiry, Ball seeks to open up vital new directions in the interdisciplinary study of Palestine.

Palestinian Literature and Film in Postcolonial Feminist Perspective

Download Palestinian Literature and Film in Postcolonial Feminist Perspective PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136228144
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Palestinian Literature and Film in Postcolonial Feminist Perspective by : Anna Ball

Download or read book Palestinian Literature and Film in Postcolonial Feminist Perspective written by Anna Ball and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-27 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palestinian Literature and Film in Postcolonial Feminist Perspective is the first sustained study of gender-consciousness in the Palestinian creative imagination. Drawing on concepts from postcolonial feminist theory, Ball analyses a range of literary and filmic works by major creative practitioners including Michel Khleifi , Liana Badr, Annemarie Jacir, Elia Suleiman, Mona Hatoum and Suheir Hammad, and reveals a hitherto unrecognized trajectory in gender-consciousness under development in the Palestinian imagination from the start of the twentieth century. The book explores how these works resonate with questions of power, identity, nation, resistance, and self-representation in the Palestinian imagination more broadly, and asks how these gender-conscious narratives transform our understanding of Palestine's struggle for postcoloniality. Working at the cusp of postcolonial, feminist and cultural enquiry, Ball seeks to open up vital new directions in the interdisciplinary study of Palestine.

Reel Gender

Download Reel Gender PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1501394223
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reel Gender by : Sa'ed Atshan

Download or read book Reel Gender written by Sa'ed Atshan and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2022-10-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reel Gender is a groundbreaking collection that addresses the collective realities and the filmic representations of Palestinian and Israeli societies. The eight essays, by leading scholars, demonstrate how Palestinian and Israeli film production-despite obvious overlaps and similarities and while keeping in mind the inherent asymmetry of power dynamics-are at the forefront of engaging gender and sexuality. The scholars of this volume construct and deconstruct still and moving images, characters, and stories that create an entanglement of Palestinian and Israeli cinema. Together they portray the region's diverse but unexpectedly intermingled ethnic, religious, and national communities, framed or countered by various societal norms, laws, and expectations, while also defined by colonial realities. The essays draw methodologically from the fields of media and cultural studies, critical and postcolonial theory, feminism, post-feminism, and queer theory.

Post-Millennial Palestine

Download Post-Millennial Palestine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 1800347448
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Post-Millennial Palestine by : Rachel Gregory Fox

Download or read book Post-Millennial Palestine written by Rachel Gregory Fox and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Post-Millennial Palestine: Literature, Memory, Resistance confronts how Palestinians have recently felt obliged to re-think memory and resistance in response to dynamic political and regional changes in the twenty-first century; prolonged spatial and temporal dispossession; and the continued deterioration of the peace process. Insofar as the articulation of memory in (post)colonial contexts can be viewed as an integral component of a continuing anti-colonial struggle for self-determination, in tracing the dynamics of conveying the memory of ongoing, chronic trauma, this collection negotiates the urgency for Palestinians to reclaim and retain their heritage in a continually unstable and fretful present. The collection offers a distinctive contribution to the field of existing scholarship on Palestine, charting new ways of thinking about the critical paradigms of memory and resistance as they are produced and represented in literary works published within the post-millennial period. Reflecting on the potential for the Palestinian narrative to recreate reality in ways that both document it and resist its brutality, the critical essays in this collection show how Palestinian writers in the twenty-first century critically and creatively consider the possible future(s) of their nation.

Politics and Palestinian Literature in Exile

Download Politics and Palestinian Literature in Exile PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786731800
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Politics and Palestinian Literature in Exile by : Joseph Farag

Download or read book Politics and Palestinian Literature in Exile written by Joseph Farag and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-14 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite, or even because of their tumultuous history, Palestinians are renowned for being prolific cultural producers, creating many of the Arab world's most iconic works of literature. In particular, the Palestinian short story stands out for its unique interplay between literary texts and the political and historical contexts from which they emerge. Palestinian Literature in Exile is the first English language study to explore this unique genre. Joseph Farag employs an interdisciplinary approach to examine the political function of literary texts and the manner in which cultural production responds to crucial moments in Palestinian history. Drawing from the works of Samira Azzam, Ghassan Kanafani and Ibrahim Nasrallah, Farag traces developments in the short story as they relate to the pivotal events of what the Palestinians call the Nakba ('catastrophe'), Naksa ('defeat') and First Intifada ('uprising'). In analysing several as yet un-translated works, Farag makes an original contribution to the subject of exilic identity and subjectivity in Palestinian literature. This book offers the opportunity to engage with literary works as well to learn from a literary account of history.It is a subject of interest for students and scholars of both Arabic literature and Middle East studies.

Arab Cultural Studies

Download Arab Cultural Studies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317981057
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Arab Cultural Studies by : Anastasia Valassopoulos

Download or read book Arab Cultural Studies written by Anastasia Valassopoulos and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to both showcase and further develop innovative research and debates on contemporary Arab cultural production. Popular culture in the form of cinema, popular music, literature, visual media and cyber-cultures, both local and imported, enjoy a central role in Arab cultural life, and the contributors to this innovative collection showcase the tremendous cultural output emerging from the Arab world. They present sensitive, conceptual readings whilst remaining mindful of the place of this work within a wider framework that seeks to prevent isolationist readings of cultural phenomena. Making sense of the place of culture in the Arab world, and agreeing upon a broadly recognisable and commonly accepted set of terms within which to discuss this output, is a new and urgent challenge. Arab Cultural Studies aspires to understand, communicate and theorise these forms. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal for Cultural Research.

Exile and Expatriation in Modern American and Palestinian Writing

Download Exile and Expatriation in Modern American and Palestinian Writing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319914154
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Exile and Expatriation in Modern American and Palestinian Writing by : Ahmad Rasmi Qabaha

Download or read book Exile and Expatriation in Modern American and Palestinian Writing written by Ahmad Rasmi Qabaha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-23 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the distinction between literary expatriation and exile through a 'contrapuntal reading' of modern Palestinian and American writing. It argues that exile, in the Palestinian case especially, is a political catastrophe; it is banishment by a colonial power. It suggests that, unlike expatriation (a choice of a foreign land over one’s own), exile is a political rather than an artistic concept and is forced rather than voluntary — while exile can be emancipatory, it is always an unwelcome loss. In addition to its historical dimension, exile also entails a different perception of return to expatriation. This book frames expatriates as quintessentially American, particularly intellectuals and artists seeking a space of creativity and social dissidence in the experience of living away from home. At the heart of both literary discourses, however, is a preoccupation with home, belonging, identity, language, mobility and homecoming.

Feminism and Avant-Garde Aesthetics in the Levantine Novel

Download Feminism and Avant-Garde Aesthetics in the Levantine Novel PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137545917
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Feminism and Avant-Garde Aesthetics in the Levantine Novel by : K. Hanna

Download or read book Feminism and Avant-Garde Aesthetics in the Levantine Novel written by K. Hanna and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Writing in response to war and national crisis, al-Samm?n, Khal?feh, Barak?t, and others introduced into the Arabic literary canon aesthetic forms capable of carrying Levantine women's experiences. By assessing their feminism in such a way, this book aims to revive a critical emphasis on aesthetics in Arab women's writing.

What Postcolonial Theory Doesn’t Say

Download What Postcolonial Theory Doesn’t Say PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135096112
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis What Postcolonial Theory Doesn’t Say by : Anna Bernard

Download or read book What Postcolonial Theory Doesn’t Say written by Anna Bernard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reclaims postcolonial theory, addressing persistent limitations in the geographical, disciplinary, and methodological assumptions of its dominant formations. It emerges, however, from an investment in the future of postcolonial studies and a commitment to its basic premise: namely, that literature and culture are fundamental to the response to structures of colonial and imperial domination. To a certain extent, postcolonial theory is a victim of its own success, not least because of the institutionalization of the insights that it has enabled. Now that these insights no longer seem new, it is hard to know what the field should address beyond its general commitments. Yet the renewal of popular anti-imperial energies across the globe provides an important opportunity to reassert the political and theoretical value of the postcolonial as a comparative, interdisciplinary, and oppositional paradigm. This collection makes a claim for what postcolonial theory can say through the work of scholars articulating what it still cannot or will not say. It explores ideas that a more aesthetically sophisticated postcolonial theory might be able to address, focusing on questions of visibility, performance, and literariness. Contributors highlight some of the shortcomings of current postcolonial theory in relation to contemporary political developments such as Zimbabwean land reform, postcommunism, and the economic rise of Asia. Finally, they address the disciplinary, geographical, and methodological exclusions from postcolonial studies through a detailed focus on new disciplinary directions (management studies, international relations, disaster studies), overlooked locations and perspectives (Palestine, Weimar Germany, the commons), and the necessity of materialist analysis for understanding both the contemporary world and world literary systems.

Edinburgh Companion to the Postcolonial Middle East

Download Edinburgh Companion to the Postcolonial Middle East PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 1474427715
Total Pages : 779 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (744 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Edinburgh Companion to the Postcolonial Middle East by : Ball Anna Ball

Download or read book Edinburgh Companion to the Postcolonial Middle East written by Ball Anna Ball and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Edinburgh Companion seeks to develop a postcolonial framework for addressing the Middle East. The first collection of essays on this subject, it assembles some of the world's foremost postcolonialists to explore the critical, theoretical and disciplinary possibilities that inquiry into this region opens for postcolonial studies. Throughout its twenty-four chapters, its focus is on literary and cultural critique. It draws on texts and contexts from the late nineteenth to the early twenty-first centuries as case studies, and deploys the concept of 'post/colonial modernity' to reveal the enduring impact of colonial and imperial power on the shaping of the region. And it covers a wide and significant range of political, social, and cultural issues in the Middle East during that period - including the heritage of Orientalism in the region; the roots and contemporary branches of the Israel-Palestine conflict; colonial history, state formation and cultures of resistance in Egypt, Turkey, the Maghreb and the wider Arab world; the clash of tradition and modernity in regional and transnational expressions of Islam; the politics of gender and sexuality in the Arab world; the ongoing crises in Libya, Iraq, Iran and Syria; the Arab Spring; and the Middle Eastern refugee crisis in Europe.

Imagining Palestine

Download Imagining Palestine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0755617835
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (556 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Imagining Palestine by : Tahrir Hamdi

Download or read book Imagining Palestine written by Tahrir Hamdi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-11-17 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All national identities are somewhat fluid, held together by collective beliefs and practices as much as official territory and borders. In the context of the Palestinians, whose national status in so many instances remains unresolved, the articulation and 'imagination' of national identity is particularly urgent. This book explores the ways that Palestinian intellectuals, artists, activists and ordinary citizens 'imagine' their homeland, examining the works of key Palestinian and other thinkers and writers such as Edward Said, Ghassan Kanafani, Naji Al Ali, Mahmoud Darwish, Mourid Barghouti, Radwa Ashour, Suheir Hammad, and Susan Abulhawa. Deploying decolonial and resistance concepts, such as Palestinian sumud, Tahrir Hamdi argues that the imaginative construction of Palestine is a key element in the Palestinians' ongoing struggle. An interdisciplinary work drawing upon critical theory, postcolonial and decolonial studies and literary analysis, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of Palestine and Middle East studies and Arabic literature.

Israel/Palestine

Download Israel/Palestine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 1474456146
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (744 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Israel/Palestine by : Drew Paul

Download or read book Israel/Palestine written by Drew Paul and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1990s, Israel has greatly expanded a system checkpoints, walls and other barriers in the West Bank and Gaza that restrict Palestinian movement. Israel/Palestine examines how authors and filmmakers have grappled with the spread of these borders. Focusing on the works of Elia Suleiman, Raba'i al-Madhoun, Ghassan Kanafani, Sami Michael and Sayed Kashua, it traces how political engagement in literature and film has shifted away from previously common paradigms of resistance and coexistence and has become reorganised around these now ubiquitous physical barriers. Depictions of these borders interrogate the notion that such spaces are impenetrable and unbreakable, imagine distinct forms of protest, and redefine the relationship between cultural production and political engagement.

Novel Palestine

Download Novel Palestine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520394666
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Novel Palestine by : Dr. Nora E.H. Parr

Download or read book Novel Palestine written by Dr. Nora E.H. Parr and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. Palestinian writing imagines the nation, not as a nation-in-waiting but as a living, changing structure that joins people, place, and time into a distinct set of formations. Novel Palestine examines these imaginative structures so that we might move beyond the idea of an incomplete or fragmented reality and speak frankly about the nation that exists and the freedom it seeks. Engaging the writings of Ibrahim Nasrallah, Nora E. H. Parr traces a vocabulary through which Palestine can be discussed as a changing and flexible national network linking people across and within space, time, and community. Through an exploration of the Palestinian literary scene subsequent to its canonical writers, Parr makes the life and work of Nasrallah available to an English-language audience for the first time, offering an intervention in geography while bringing literary theory into conversation with politics and history.

Sex Trafficking in Postcolonial Literature

Download Sex Trafficking in Postcolonial Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131766793X
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sex Trafficking in Postcolonial Literature by : Laura Barberán Reinares

Download or read book Sex Trafficking in Postcolonial Literature written by Laura Barberán Reinares and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-27 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present, the bulk of the existing research on sex trafficking originates in the social sciences. Sex Trafficking in Postcolonial Literature adds an original perspective on this issue by examining representations of sex trafficking in postcolonial literature. This book is a sustained interdisciplinary study bridging postcolonial literature, in English and Spanish, and sex trafficking, as analyzed through literary theory, anthropology, sociology, history, trauma theory, journalism, and globalization studies. It encompasses postcolonial theory and literature’s aesthetic analysis of sex trafficking together with research from social sciences, psychology, anthropology, and economics with the intention of offering a comprehensive analysis of the topic beyond the type of Orientalist discourse so prevalent in the media. This is an important and innovative resource for scholars in literature, postcolonial studies, gender studies, human rights and global justice.

Postcolonial Custodianship

Download Postcolonial Custodianship PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317818083
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Postcolonial Custodianship by : Filippo Menozzi

Download or read book Postcolonial Custodianship written by Filippo Menozzi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-05 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book engages with current developments in postcolonial research, exploring notions of cultural transmission, tradition and modernity, authenticity, cross-cultural aesthetics and postcolonial ethics. The author considers the ethical responsibility of the postcolonial intellectual, enhancing our understanding of this topic through the concept of custodianship, which may be defined as a responsibility towards the other in forms of cultural and literary inheritance. The author introduces custodianship as a central theme and a vital question for the committed intellectual today, proposing original interpretations of major postcolonial texts by key figures including Anita Desai, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Mahasweta Devi and Arundhati Roy. Through close reading and historical analysis, Postcolonial Custodianship reveals that a practice of custodianship has always been an essential element of these writers’ ethical engagement, yet in a way that has never been explored. The author contends that the question of custodianship should not be seen as a merely negative designation; it is by redefining the very meaning of custodianship that the ethical dimension of postcolonialism can be rediscovered.

An Atonal Cinema

Download An Atonal Cinema PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1501384996
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Atonal Cinema by : Robert G. White

Download or read book An Atonal Cinema written by Robert G. White and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2023-06-29 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book about Palestinians elsewhere and Palestinian elsewheres. Articulating an ambiguous right to remain out-of-place as a spatialized response to the fossilized present, the films and filmmakers in this book examine Palestine, as a place and idea, from the dissonance of exile. An Atonal Cinema: Resistance, Counterpoint and Dialogue in Transnational Palestine theorizes a transnational consciousness within contemporary Palestinian cinema as one which articulates an 'atonal' cinema, utilizing contrapuntal dialogue as a mode of resistance with which to respond critically to the 'place-myth' of Palestine in films produced within Palestine but without Palestinians. Drawing on a genealogy of Edward Said's atonal thinking of counterpoint, I argue that the films in this book display a 'double-consciousness', through which Palestine is simultaneously elided and re-inscribed in a contrapuntal dialogue between the 'here' of its contemporary reality and the 'elsewhere' of its historical image. An Atonal Cinema's radical approach includes cinematic texts from Europe, South America and Israel in its corpus, which have both triggered and been shaped by critical responses in contemporary Palestinian Cinema. Drawing on both literature and cinema, An Atonal Cinema draws on the work of Edward Said, Mahmoud Darwish, Jean Genet and Carlo Levi. Films by Pier Paolo Pasolini, Jean-Luc Godard, Menahem Golan and Miguel Littín are read contrapuntally through contemporary responses from Ayreen Anastas, Basma Alsharif, Mohanad Yaqubi, Elia Suleiman and Kamal Aljafari.

Arab, Muslim, Woman

Download Arab, Muslim, Woman PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134138776
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Arab, Muslim, Woman by : Lindsey Moore

Download or read book Arab, Muslim, Woman written by Lindsey Moore and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-05-14 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given a long history of representation by others, what themes and techniques do Arab Muslim women writers, filmmakers and visual artists foreground in their presentation of postcolonial experience? Lindsey Moore’s groundbreaking book demonstrates ways in which women appropriate textual and visual modes of representation, often in cross-fertilizing ways, in challenges to Orientalist/colonialist, nationalist, Islamist, and ‘multicultural’ paradigms. She provides an accessible but theoretically-informed analysis by foregrounding tropes of vision, visibility and voice; post-nationalist melancholia and mother/daughter narratives; transformations of ‘homes and harems’; and border crossings in time, space, language, and media. In doing so, Moore moves beyond notions of speaking or looking ‘back’ to encompass a diverse feminist poetics and politics and to emphasize ethical forms of representation and reception. Aran, Muslim, Woman is distinctive in the eclectic body of work that it brings together. Discussing Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the Palestinian territories, and Tunisia, as well as postcolonial Europe, Moore argues for better integration of Arab Muslim contexts in the postcolonial canon. In a book for readers interested in women's studies, history, literature, and visual media, we encounter work by Assia Djebar, Mona Hatoum, Fatima Mernissi, Ahlam Mosteghanemi, Nawal el Saadawi, Leila Sebbar, Zineb Sedira, Ahdaf Soueif, Moufida Tlatli, Fadwa Tuqan, and many other women.