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Optimization Of Pretreatment And Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Oil Palm Fronds For Xylooligosaccharides Production
Download Optimization Of Pretreatment And Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Oil Palm Fronds For Xylooligosaccharides Production full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Optimization Of Pretreatment And Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Oil Palm Fronds For Xylooligosaccharides Production ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Optimization of Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Fronds for Xylooligosaccharides Production by : Siti Sabrina Mohd. Sukri
Download or read book Optimization of Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Fronds for Xylooligosaccharides Production written by Siti Sabrina Mohd. Sukri and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optimization of Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunch for Xylose Production by : Agnese Jati Anak Charlie
Download or read book Optimization of Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunch for Xylose Production written by Agnese Jati Anak Charlie and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optimization of Delignification and Enzyme Hydrolysis of Steam Exploded Oil Palm Trunk for Ethanol Production by : Teerayut Khunrong
Download or read book Optimization of Delignification and Enzyme Hydrolysis of Steam Exploded Oil Palm Trunk for Ethanol Production written by Teerayut Khunrong and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optimization of Crystalline Nanocellulose (CNC) Preparation Condition from Oil Palm Fronds (OPF) by : Sin Ye Chuah
Download or read book Optimization of Crystalline Nanocellulose (CNC) Preparation Condition from Oil Palm Fronds (OPF) written by Sin Ye Chuah and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaysia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. About 90% of the biomass waste is produced from oil palm industries and oil palm fronds (OPF) consist of 57.96% of the biomass waste. OPF contain higher percentage of cellulose which can further break down into crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) by acid hydrolysis. Optimization was done on the preparation condition of CNC to increases the yield of CNC produced. The effect of the reaction time, reaction temperature and sulfuric acid concentration on the yield of CNC were investigated by single-factor experiment (Preliminary Process) and the preparation conditions were optimized with response surface methodology. The obtained CNC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the yield of CNC tend to increases when the reaction time, reaction temperature and sulfuric acid concentration is increases to 40 minutes, 60 °C and 65% v/v, but reduced after that. Under optimal conditions, the yield and the crystallinity of CNC with the crystal form of cellulose is 30.35%.
Book Synopsis Screening of Factors Affecting the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Fiber Pressed Palm Frond (FPOPF) by : Nur Fatin Muhammad
Download or read book Screening of Factors Affecting the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Fiber Pressed Palm Frond (FPOPF) written by Nur Fatin Muhammad and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the alkaline pretreatment and factors that affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis oil palm frond (OPF). The factors studied in enzymatic hydrolysis are enzyme concentration, pH, temperature, reaction time and agitation speed. OPF is one type of agricultural wastes that consist of lignocellulosic material which comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin is extremely strong component which resistant against chemical, enzymatic and bacteria breakdown. Thus, usage of lignocellulosic as a raw material involves alkaline pretreatment to be able to make the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions easily accessible for enzymatic hydrolysis. Dried OPF was pretreated by soaking into sodium hydroxide solution at 100°C for about 1 hour. For hydrolysis, the pretreated OPF was soaked into sodium acetate buffer and enzyme was applied too. The, the mixture was incubated in an incubator shaker. After that, the mixture was boiled in water bath for 10 minutes. The hydrolysates were quantified by using DNS method. After analyzed with Design Expert Software, pH gives the most contribution to the enzymatic hydrolysis. Lignocellulose material is known as a potential biomass for conversion into renewable sugar to produce value-added product such as biofuels, animal feeds, enzyme and healthy food products.
Book Synopsis Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Ionic Liquid-pretreated Lignocellulose by : Kierston Ellen Shill
Download or read book Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Ionic Liquid-pretreated Lignocellulose written by Kierston Ellen Shill and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on Earth, and is found in lignocellulosic biomass. In order to access this carbon source for biofuel production, a process must be developed that breaks down the natural barriers the plant has in place to protect itself from degradation. The natural breakdown of biomass by organisms involves a variety of enzymes that work together to make the carbon source available. Cellulose can be hydrolyzed in an acid-catalyzed process by cellulase enzymes to form glucose. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose relies on the initial adsorption of cellulases to the solid lignocellulose surface, and thus the reaction can be limited by surface area. Additionally, hemicellulose and lignin combine to act as barriers to adsorption, both physically and through competitive binding that inactivates the enzymes. Cellulose crystallinity also inhibits enzymatic degradation by limiting surface area and decreasing the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis. All of these factors make enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose slow for untreated biomass, and make pretreatment a necessary step for biofuel production. Several pretreatment methods have been developed to make biomass more amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis. A promising approach is biomass dissolution in ionic liquids (ILs) followed by the addition of an anti-solvent to precipitate the cellulosic fraction of the biomass prior to hydrolysis. A cellulase mixture can then quickly and efficiently hydrolyze the precipitated biomass. The enzymatic hydrolysis by a cellulase cocktail of Miscanthus x giganteus, a lignocellulosic biomass, pretreated with the IL 1-ethyl,3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]) was studied. The IL pretreatment time and temperature parameters have been studied, and a kinetic model was developed to optimize the pretreatment conditions for improved cellulose and hemicellulose enzymatic conversion. This kinetic model indicated a wide range of optimal pretreatment conditions, from high temperatures / short times to lower temperatures / long times. Variables obtained from the kinetic model are within reported ranges of experimentally obtained values for other pretreatments, indicating that the model may be broadly applicable to a variety of lignocellulosic pretreatment processes. Since ionic liquid pretreatment provides a readily-hydrolysable substrate, other factors, such as enzyme loading, product inhibition, and solids loading, become important. For industrially-relevant processes, the enzymatic hydrolysis must produce and tolerate high levels of glucose. We have investigated the effects of glucose concentration on the enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel, [Emim][OAc]-pretreated Avicel, and [Emim][OAc]-pretreated Miscanthus. Both cellobiose and glucose production were monitored over time, and cellobiose was found to be present at appreciable concentrations when high levels of glucose were present. This effect is more pronounced with [Emim][OAc]-pretreated substrates. A competitive inhibition model was fit to the hydrolysis data and found to fit moderately well. However, this model was unable to capture both the fast initial glucose production and prolonged cellobiose presence, highlighting the need for a more mechanistic kinetic model. By studying the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose, we will be able to better understand and direct the engineering of substrates, enzymes, and processes for more effective hydrolysis under industrially relevant conditions.
Book Synopsis Optimization of Oil Palm Trunk Core Biodelignification Using Pleurotus Ostreatus by : Zulsyazwan Ahmad Khushairi
Download or read book Optimization of Oil Palm Trunk Core Biodelignification Using Pleurotus Ostreatus written by Zulsyazwan Ahmad Khushairi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodelignification is essential in recovering cellulose from any lignocellulosic material especially for glucose production. Oil palm trunk (OPT) core, a waste from logging activity, has the potential as the source of glucose production due to its high cellulose content. The presence of lignin in OPT core inhibits any reaction occurred on cellulose. This research focused on the optimization of lignin removal on OPT core using local fungi Pleurotus ostreatus. Chemical analysis on OPT core resulted an 18.47% of lignin content. Enzyme assay showed manganese peroxidase activity 1.6±1.5 U ml-1 at day 6. The screening and optimization experiments were done in 250 mL laboratory glass bottle. During the screening process, seven factors factors were screened at various values; temperature (20°C and 30°C), pH value (5 and 8), humidity (controlled by the presence of silica gel), light exposure, moisture (0.50 mL and 5.00 mL water added per 12 hour), the weight of fungi to medium ratio (1:2 and 1:10) and contact time (2 and 10 days). Design Expert 6.08 software was used for experimental design. Two-level factorial analysis with a fraction of 1/8 was used for the screening process. The lignin content was analyzed via Klason-lignin determination method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) proved the stability of this model with the coefficient of determination (R2) value at 0.8584. TheNcoefficient regression for linear equation regression showed proved there was a peak point in the model that can be achieved through optimization. Four factors screened were discovered to be the highest contributors to biodelignification; temperature (32.20% contribution), pH value (10.08% contribution), the fungi to medium ratio (8.82% contribution) and moisture content (7.63% contribution). The interactions between temperature and pH value, and the interaction between temperature and the fungi to medium ratio were discovered from the screening process. These four factors were studied in the optimization process with the factors value ranging from temperature (23°C to 27°C), pH value (5.5 to 7.5), moisture content (2.0 mL to 3.5 mL water added per 12 hour) and weight of fungi to medium ratio (2:10 to 4:10). Design Expert 6.08 was used in the optimization process. A central composite design (CCD) with 32 runs and six centre points was applied. From the optimization, the ANOVA showed R2 value was 0.8779 proving that the model was fit for regression. The optimum condition was at; temperature (25.16°C), pH value (7.54), moisture content (2.38 mL water added per 12 hour) and the fungi to medium ratio (1:3.125) with the predicted lignin content of 14.36%. Validation test was conducted to justify this optimum condition with initial lignin content of OPT at 18.47%. The final lignin content was 14.68%. This showed that 20.52% of lignin removal from OPT through biodelignification. It showed an error of 2.23% between the theoretical value and the experimental value. As an additional analysis towards the application of biodelignification, a comparison of sugar produced from treated OPT (biodelignification treatment) and untreated OPT was done via acid hydrolysis process. Glucose concentration was determined using DNS method. The analysis showed that the OPT that went through biodelignification (0.04769 g glucose/ g OPT) had a 25% higher glucose concentration compared to the untreated OPT (0.03792 g glucose/ g OPT). The results from the optimization showed that biodelignification using P. ostreatus was a suitable method for lignin removal of OPT. Along with the acid hydrolysis process; the biodelignification is proved to be applicable as a pretreatment method for glucose production.
Download or read book Biofuels written by Jonathan R. Mielenz and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2012-03-07 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This editor believes the public finally understands that bioenergy should be a critical new 39 component of our world’s future energy supply. While this new enlightenment might have 40 come from bioenergy’s environmentally friendly attributes and its renewable and sustain- 41 able nature, the reality is that the primary driver has been both the high cost of energy, 42 led recently by petroleum products, and the unique climatic changes such as local weather 43 events and reports of melting of ancient glaciers. I believe that much of the public under- 44 stands the primary cause of these changes is the growing demand for fossil fuels for heat- 45 ing and transportation needs driven by both population increases and dramatic economic 46 development around the globe. This increased demand, as well as global politics, has 47 impacted the costs for these energy products. At the same time, increased use of fossil fuels 48 has been liberating unprecedented levels of CO and other greenhouse gasses (GHGs) 49 2 that must be impacting the global climate. As a result, the world is looking for alternative 50 solutions. Renewable energy is one of the leading options as long as it is pursued in a sus- 51 tainable fashion. Of course, renewable energy has numerous sources, including wind, solar, 52 geothermal, ocean currents/tides, and bio-based energy. The latter category of renewable 53 energy is centered primarily on use of green plant matter, i. e.
Book Synopsis Palm Trees and Fruits Residues by : Mejdi Jeguirim
Download or read book Palm Trees and Fruits Residues written by Mejdi Jeguirim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-09-02 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palm Trees and Fruits Residues: Recent Advances for Integrated and Sustainable Management places the wastes of palm trees and fruit residues in the international context of sustainable development, providing sustainable applications that are detailed based on sector to help readers from specific fields identify applications. Furthermore, successful processing case studies using valorization are presented. As the expansion of palm tree fruit crops processing industries (manufacture of syrup, honey, non-alcoholic beverages, flours, confectionery products, fruit paste, etc.) is generating growing quantities of wastes in different forms, this book covers sustainable aspects. Written by an international team of contributors, this title is aimed at professionals and enterprises who aspire to develop real, high-scale industrial applications for palm tree and fruit residue valorization. - Includes palm tree wastes and fruit processing by-products, their quantification and classification - Brings identification, quantification and characterization of palm-tree and fruit wastes - Thoroughly explores biotechnological, agricultural, environmental and energy applications of fruit processing by-products - Contains case studies of a palm tree fruit processing by-products valorization
Book Synopsis Microbial Bioprocessing of Agri-food Wastes by : Gustavo Molina
Download or read book Microbial Bioprocessing of Agri-food Wastes written by Gustavo Molina and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-04-28 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymes are biological molecules of great relevance. In addition to the fundamental role in metabolic reactions, they have diverse applications in industrial processes in generating products of great commercial utility for the most diverse areas. Thus, industries seek to expand research to select microorganisms capable of producing enzymes according to their commercial objectives. Considering the diversity of the microbiota kingdom, as well as the diversity of mode of action of different classes of enzymes, this is an area that deserves constant investments to elucidate new applications, considering that these biological catalysts have great selectivity and a diversity of mode of action, reusable, and operate under mild process conditions, becoming the bridge for the development of sustainable processes and for adding value to commercial products. This book is intended for bioengineers, biologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, food technologists, enzymologists, and related professionals/ researchers. • Explores recent advances in the valorization of agri-food waste into enzymes • Explores the main technological advances in the recovery of residues and their use for the production of enzymes • Provides technical concepts on the production of various enzymes of commercial interest • Presents the main classes of enzymes obtained from alternative raw materials.
Book Synopsis Effect of Pretreatment on the Ultrastructure of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by : Darnoko K. Pamin
Download or read book Effect of Pretreatment on the Ultrastructure of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches written by Darnoko K. Pamin and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major problem in the bioconversion of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) for fermentable sugar production is the presence of non-cellulose materials which should be removed before enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, the high silica content of EFB also inhibits the enzymatic hydrolysis. In this experiment EFB were pretreated with acid and alkali at various concentrations to remove lignin, hemicellulose and silica. The results from ultrastructural analysis using scanning electronmicroscope showed that pretreatment with alkali was much better than acid pretreatment. Alkali pretreatment caused much changes on the ultrastructure of EFB by leaching the lignin and silica substantially and leaving the biomass much easier to be penetrated by agents of hydrolysis. [Authors' abstract].
Book Synopsis Studies on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Trunk Fibres by : K. H. Choo
Download or read book Studies on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Trunk Fibres written by K. H. Choo and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fungi and Fungal Products in Human Welfare and Biotechnology by : Tulasi Satyanarayana
Download or read book Fungi and Fungal Products in Human Welfare and Biotechnology written by Tulasi Satyanarayana and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-13 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents various biotechnological applications of the fungal systems in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, textile industry, bioremediation, biofuel, and the production of biomolecules. It discusses the important role of fungal secondary metabolites in human welfare and nutrition. It explores fungi as the vital sources of novel substances with antidiabetic, antibiotic as well as prebiotic properties. The book further describes the natural and unique ability of fungi to biodegrade macro- and microplastics by using them as a source of carbon and energy. Notably, it presents the properties and applications of bioactive fungal polysaccharides and discusses the latest developments in utilizing these biopolymers in human nutrition. In addition, the book examines the production of biodegradable and sustainable natural colorants from fungal sources. This book is a valuable source for mycologists, biotechnologists, and microbiologists for understanding the important role of fungi in biotechnology.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Bioethanol by : Charles Wyman
Download or read book Handbook on Bioethanol written by Charles Wyman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioethanol is a versatile transportation fuel and fuel additive that offers excellent performance and reduced air pollution compared to conventional fuels. Its production and use adds little, if any, net release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, dramatically reducing the potential for global climate change. Through a sustained research program and an emerging economic competitiveness, the technology for bioethanol production is poised for immediate widespread commercial applications. Written by engineers and scientists providing a technical focus, this handbook provides the up-to-date information needed by managers, engineers, and scientists to evaluate the technology, market, and economics of this fuel, while examining the development of production required to support its commercial use.
Book Synopsis Valorisation of Agro-industrial Residues – Volume II: Non-Biological Approaches by : Zainul Akmar Zakaria
Download or read book Valorisation of Agro-industrial Residues – Volume II: Non-Biological Approaches written by Zainul Akmar Zakaria and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-23 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world’s population is expected to reach the eight billion mark very soon. As a result, there is a need for increased industrial and agricultural production to ensure human wellbeing. This in turn generates huge amounts of waste. Current waste treatment solutions are effective, but usually require huge capital investment, are labour intensive and potentially lead to hazardous by-products. This book presents the latest non-biological approaches to address issues related to the abundance of waste, offering insights into best practices in various regions around the globe. It highlights techniques such as chemical extraction, pyrolysis and ultrasonics, and a number of chapters include individual case studies to further enhance readers’ understanding. This comprehensive reference resource is intended for graduate students, researchers and scientists, and is also a valuable addition to all agriculture and biotechnology libraries.
Book Synopsis Current Status and Future Scope of Microbial Cellulases by : Deepak K. Tuli
Download or read book Current Status and Future Scope of Microbial Cellulases written by Deepak K. Tuli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Status and Future Scope of Microbial Cellulases not only explores the present and future of cellulase production, it also compares solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SMF) for cellulase production. Chapters explore bioprocess engineering, metabolic engineering and genetic engineering approaches for enhanced cellulase production, including the application of cellulase for biofuel production. This important resource presents current technical status and the future direction of advances in cellulase production, including application of cellulases in different sectors. - Covers the present industrial scenarios and future prospect of cellulase production - Describes the molecular structure of cellulase - Explores genetic engineering, metabolic engineering and other approaches for improved cellulase production - Includes different applications of cellulases, including their application in the bioenergy sector
Book Synopsis Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass by : Anuj Chandel
Download or read book Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Anuj Chandel and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides important aspects of sustainable degradation of lignocellulosic biomass which has a pivotal role for the economic production of several value-added products and biofuels with safe environment. Different pretreatment techniques and enzymatic hydrolysis process along with the characterization of cell wall components have been discussed broadly. The following features of this book attribute its distinctiveness: This book comprehensively covers the improvement in methodologies for the biomass pretreatment, hemicellulose and cellulose breakdown into fermentable sugars, the analytical methods for biomass characterization, and bioconversion of cellulosics into biofuels. In addition, mechanistic analysis of biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis have been discussed in details, highlighting key factors influencing these processes at industrial scale.
