Commemoration in America

Download Commemoration in America PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 0813934338
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (139 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Commemoration in America by : David Gobel

Download or read book Commemoration in America written by David Gobel and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commemoration lies at the poetic, historiographic, and social heart of human community. It is how societies define themselves and is central to the institution of the city. Addressing the complex ways that monuments in the United States have been imagined, created, and perceived from the colonial period to the present, Commemoration in America is a wide-ranging volume that focuses on the role of remembrance and memorialization in American urban life. The volume’s contributors are drawn from a spectrum of disciplines—social and urban history, urban planning, architecture, art history, preservation, and architectural history—and take a broad view of commemoration. In addition to the making of traditional monuments, the essays explore such commemorative acts as building preservation, biography, portraiture, ritual performance, street naming, and the planting of trees. Providing an overview of American memorialization and the impulses behind it, Commemoration in America emphasizes a universal tendency for individuals and groups to use monuments to define their contemporary social identity and to construct historical narratives. The volume shows that while commemorative acts and objects affect the community in fundamental ways, their meaning is always multivalent and conflicted, attesting to both triumphs and tragedies. Constituting a vital part of both individual and national identity, commemoration’s contradictions strike at the core of American identity and speak to the importance of remembrance in the construction of our diverse national cultural landscape. Contributors: Jhennifer A. Amundson, Judson University * Catherine W. Bishir, North Carolina State University Libraries * Thomas J. Campanella, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill * Glenn T. Eskew, Georgia State University * Glenn Forley, Parsons / The New School for Design * Sally Greene, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill * Alison K. Hoagland, Michigan Technological University * Lynne Horiuchi, University of California, Berkeley * Ellen M. Litwicki, SUNY Fredonia * David Lowenthal, University College London * Mark A. Peterson, University of California, Berkeley * Richard M. Sommer, University of Toronto * Dell Upton, University of California, Los Angeles

On Commemoration

Download On Commemoration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781788749411
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (494 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis On Commemoration by : Catherine Gilbert

Download or read book On Commemoration written by Catherine Gilbert and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "War has been commemorated since ancient times. The recent First World War centenaries are proof that remembering conflict continues to produce strong feelings among people of all walks of life. But how, in the twenty-first century, can we do commemoration better? In particular, how can commemoration contribute to post-war reconciliation and reconstruction? In this book, a global roster of distinguished individuals - poets, an international human rights advocate, musicians, policy-makers, novelists, academics, a sculptor, a world-renowned architect, members of different faiths, composers, a Pulitzer prize-winning journalist and military veterans - debate these questions and ponder the future of commemoration. The book focuses on three modes of commemoration: Textual Commemoration - commemoration in writing and images; Monumental Commemoration - monuments, architecture, museums, sculptures, battlefields and sites of mourning; Aural Commemoration - music, sound and silence. Polemics and reflections together with poetry and creative prose movingly illuminate a subject that is sensitive and sobering but which also speaks to our common humanity"--

Performing Commemoration

Download Performing Commemoration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 047205466X
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Performing Commemoration by : Annegret Fauser

Download or read book Performing Commemoration written by Annegret Fauser and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public commemorations of various kinds are an important part of how groups large and small acknowledge and process injustices and tragic events. Performing Commemoration: Musical Reenactment and the Politics of Trauma looks at the roles music can play in public commemorations of traumatic events that range from the Armenian genocide and World War I to contemporary violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the #sayhername protests. Whose version of a traumatic historical event gets told is always a complicated question, and music adds further layers to this complexity, particularly music without words. The three sections of this collection look at different facets of musical commemorations and reenactments, focusing on how music can mediate, but also intensify responses to social injustice; how reenactments and their use of music are shifting (and not always toward greater social effectiveness); and how claims for musical authenticity are politicized in various ways. By engaging with critical theory around memory studies and performance studies, the contributors to this volume explore social justice, in, and through music.

Victims of Commemoration

Download Victims of Commemoration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Syracuse University Press
ISBN 13 : 0815655460
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (156 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Victims of Commemoration by : Eray Çayli

Download or read book Victims of Commemoration written by Eray Çayli and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-03 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Confronting the past" has become a byword for democratization. How societies and governments commemorate their violent pasts is often appraised as a litmus test of their democratization claims. Regardless of how critical such appraisals may be, they tend to share a fundamental assumption: commemoration, as a symbol of democratization, is ontologically distinct from violence. The pitfalls of this assumption have been nowhere more evident than in Turkey whose mainstream image on the world stage has rapidly descended from a regional beacon of democracy to a hotbed of violence within the space of a few recent years. In Victims of Commemoration, Eray Çayli draws upon extensive fieldwork he conducted in the prelude to the mid-2010s when Turkey’s global image fell from grace. This ethnography—the first of its kind—explores both activist and official commemorations at sites of state-endorsed violence in Turkey that have become the subject of campaigns for memorial museums. Reversing the methodological trajectory of existing accounts, Çayli works from the politics of urban and architectural space to grasp ethnic, religious, and ideological marginalization. Victims of Commemoration reveals that, whether campaigns for memorial museums bear fruit or not, architecture helps communities concentrate their political work against systemic problems. Sites significant to Kurdish, Alevi, and revolutionary-leftist struggles for memory and justice prompt activists to file petitions and lawsuits, organize protests, and build new political communities. In doing so, activists not only uphold the legacy of victims but also reject the identity of a passive victimhood being imposed on them. They challenge not only the ways specific violent pasts and their victims are represented, but also the structural violence which underpins deep-seated approaches to nationhood, publicness and truth, and which itself is a source of victimhood. Victims of Commemoration complicates our tendency to presume that violence ends where commemoration begins and that architecture’s role in both is reducible to a question of symbolism.

War Memory and Commemoration

Download War Memory and Commemoration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317163931
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis War Memory and Commemoration by : Brad West

Download or read book War Memory and Commemoration written by Brad West and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a period characterised by an unprecedented cultural engagement with the past, individuals, groups and nations are debating and experimenting with commemoration in order to find culturally relevant ways of remembering warfare, genocide and terrorism. This book examines such remembrances and the political consequences of these rites. In particular, the volume focuses on the ways in which recent social and technological forces, including digital archiving, transnational flows of historical knowledge, shifts in academic practice, changes in commemorative forms and consumerist engagements with history affect the shaping of new collective memories and our understanding of the social world. Presenting studies of commemorative practices from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and the Middle East, War Memory and Commemoration illustrates the power of new commemorative forms to shape the world, and highlights the ways in which social actors use them in promoting a range of understandings of the past. The volume will appeal to scholars of sociology, history, cultural studies and journalism with an interest in commemoration, heritage and/or collective memory.

Nation and Commemoration

Download Nation and Commemoration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521574327
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (743 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nation and Commemoration by : Lyn Spillman

Download or read book Nation and Commemoration written by Lyn Spillman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-01-28 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do people think when they imagine themselves as part of a nation? Nation and Commemoration answers this question in an exploration of the creation and recreation of national identities through commemorative activities. Extending recent work in cultural sociology and history, Lyn Spillman compares centennial and bicentennial celebrations in the United States and Australia to show how national identities can emerge from processes of 'cultural production'. She systematically analyses the symbols and meanings of national identity in these two 'new nations', identifying changes and continuities, similarities and differences in how visions of history, place in the world, politics, land, and diversity have been used to express nationhood. The result is a deeper understanding, not only of American and Australian national identities, but also of the global process of nation-formation.

Shakespeare and Commemoration

Download Shakespeare and Commemoration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1789202485
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Shakespeare and Commemoration by : Clara Calvo

Download or read book Shakespeare and Commemoration written by Clara Calvo and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory and commemoration play a vital role not only in the work of Shakespeare, but also in the process that has made him a world author. As the contributors of this collection demonstrate, the phenomenon of commemoration has no single approach, as it occurs on many levels, has a long history, and is highly unpredictable in its manifestations. With an international focus and a comparative scope that explores the afterlives also of other artists, this volume shows the diverse modes of commemorative practices involving Shakespeare. Delving into these “cultures of commemoration,” it presents keen insights into the dynamics of authorship, literary fame, and afterlives in its broader socio-historical contexts.

The Art of Commemoration

Download The Art of Commemoration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9789027226976
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (269 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Art of Commemoration by : Titus Ensink

Download or read book The Art of Commemoration written by Titus Ensink and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Art of Commemoration focuses on a particular historical event that illustrates how nations define their own identities and establish mutual relations in their discourse: the Warsaw Uprising of August 1944 and its Commemoration in 1994. This Commemoration was an innovative and unique form of transnational communication because it brought together representative speakers from all parties involved. They considered the commemorated event from different perspectives: the victim (Poland), the former enemy (Germany) and the former allies (England, USA, France and other countries, as well as Russia which liberated Poland but had not supported the Uprising). A letter from the Pope added a Catholic perspective. The 'art of commemoration' consists in invoking the past events from one's own perspective while simultaneously considering the other perspectives, as well as in making sense of the past and present at the same time. This volume analyses the artful way in which the speakers coped with these complexities in a full discourse analytic reconstruction of each address.

Squirrel Hill

Download Squirrel Hill PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Knopf
ISBN 13 : 0525657193
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (256 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Squirrel Hill by : Mark Oppenheimer

Download or read book Squirrel Hill written by Mark Oppenheimer and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2021-10-05 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A piercing portrait of the struggles and triumphs of one of America's renowned Jewish neighborhoods in the wake of unspeakable tragedy that highlights the hopes, fears, and tensions all Americans must confront on the road to healing. Squirrel Hill, Pittsburgh, is one of the oldest Jewish neighborhoods in the country, known for its tight-knit community and the profusion of multigenerational families. On October 27, 2018, a gunman killed eleven Jews who were worshipping at the Tree of Life synagogue in Squirrel Hill--the most deadly anti-Semitic attack in American history. Many neighborhoods would be understandably subsumed by despair and recrimination after such an event, but not this one. Mark Oppenheimer poignantly shifts the focus away from the criminal and his crime, and instead presents the historic, spirited community at the center of this heartbreak. He speaks with residents and nonresidents, Jews and gentiles, survivors and witnesses, teenagers and seniors, activists and historians. Together, these stories provide a kaleidoscopic and nuanced account of collective grief, love, support, and revival. But Oppenheimer also details the difficult dialogue and messy confrontations that Squirrel Hill had to face in the process of healing, and that are a necessary part of true growth and understanding in any community. He has reverently captured the vibrancy and caring that still characterize Squirrel Hill, and it is this phenomenal resilience that can provide inspiration to any place burdened with discrimination and hate.

Cultures of Commemoration

Download Cultures of Commemoration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824860314
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cultures of Commemoration by : Keith L. Camacho

Download or read book Cultures of Commemoration written by Keith L. Camacho and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1941 the Japanese military attacked the US naval base Pearl Harbor on the Hawaiian island of O‘ahu. Although much has been debated about this event and the wider American and Japanese involvement in the war, few scholars have explored the Pacific War’s impact on Pacific Islanders. Cultures of Commemoration fills this crucial gap in the historiography by advancing scholarly understanding of Pacific Islander relations with and knowledge of American and Japanese colonialisms in the twentieth century. Drawing from an extensive archival base of government, military, and popular records, Chamorro scholar Keith L Camacho traces the formation of divergent colonial and indigenous histories in the Mariana Islands, an archipelago located in the western Pacific and home to the Chamorro people. He shows that US colonial governance of Guam, the southernmost island, and that of Japan in the Northern Mariana Islands created competing colonial histories that would later inform how Americans, Chamorros, and Japanese experienced and remembered the war and its aftermath. Central to this discussion is the American and Japanese administrative development of "loyalty" and "liberation" as concepts of social control, collective identity, and national belonging. Just how various Chamorros from Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands negotiated their multiple identities and subjectivities is explored with respect to the processes of history and memory-making among this "Americanized" and "Japanized" Pacific Islander population. In addition, Camacho emphasizes the rise of war commemorations as sites for the study of American national historic landmarks, Chamorro Liberation Day festivities, and Japanese bone-collecting missions and peace pilgrimages. Ultimately, Cultures of Commemoration demonstrates that the past is made meaningful and at times violent by competing cultures of American, Chamorro, and Japanese commemorative practices.

Places of Commemoration

Download Places of Commemoration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Dumbarton Oaks
ISBN 13 : 9780884022602
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (226 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Places of Commemoration by : Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn

Download or read book Places of Commemoration written by Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn and published by Dumbarton Oaks. This book was released on 2001 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Everyone is occupied, consciously or unconsciously, with identity--one's origin and the question of one's place in humankind and society of the past, present, and future. Identity and memory are not stable and objective things, but representations or constructions of reality related to a particular interest, such as class, gender, of power relations. Identity is problematic without history and without the commemoration of history, and of course such remembrance may distort historical events and facts. When dealing with gardens, a substantial part of our physical environment, there are always unspoken questions of identity." Places of Commemoration examines commemorative sites of different character, including gardens, landscapes, memorials, cemeteries, and sites of former Nazi concentration camps, detailing the ideas behind the creation of memorials and monuments and the struggles over the narratives they present.

Contested Commemoration in U.S. History

Download Contested Commemoration in U.S. History PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000702227
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Contested Commemoration in U.S. History by : Klara Stephanie Szlezák

Download or read book Contested Commemoration in U.S. History written by Klara Stephanie Szlezák and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the backdrop of two recent socio-political developments—the shift from the Obama to the Trump administration and the surge in nationalist and populist sentiment that ushered in the current administration—Contested Commemoration in U.S. History presents eleven essays focused on practices of remembering contested events in America’s national history. This edited volume contains fresh interpretations of public history and collective memory that explore the evolving relationship between the U.S. and its past. The individual chapters investigate efforts to memorialize events or interrogate instances of historical sanitization at the expense of less partial representations that would include other perspectives. The primary source material and geography covered is extensive; contributors use historic sites and monuments, photographs, memoirs, textbooks, periodicals, music, and film to discuss the periods from colonial America, through the Revolutionary and Civil Wars up until the Vietnam War, Civil Rights movement, and Cold War, to explore how the commemoration of those eras resonates in the twenty-first century. Through a range of commemoration media and primary sources, the authors illuminate themes and arguments that are indispensable to students, scholars, and practitioners interested in Public History and American Studies more broadly.

Politics and the Art of Commemoration

Download Politics and the Art of Commemoration PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136583653
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Politics and the Art of Commemoration by : Katherine Hite

Download or read book Politics and the Art of Commemoration written by Katherine Hite and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memorials are proliferating throughout the globe. States recognize the political value of memorials: memorials can convey national unity, a sense of overcoming violent legacies, a commitment to political stability or the strengthening of democracy. Memorials represent fitful negotiations between states and societies symbolically to right wrongs, to recognize loss, to assert distinct historical narratives that are not dominant. This book explores relationships among art, representation and politics through memorials to violent pasts in Spain and Latin America. Drawing from curators, art historians, psychologists, political theorists, holocaust studies scholars, as well as the voices of artists, activists, and families of murdered and disappeared loved ones, Politics and the Art of Commemoration uses memorials as conceptual lenses into deep politics of conflict and as suggestive arenas for imagining democratic praxis. Tracing deep histories of political struggle and suggesting that today’s commemorative practices are innovating powerful forms of collective political action, this work will be of great interest to students and scholars of international relations, Latin American studies and memory studies.

Between Remembrance and Repair

Download Between Remembrance and Repair PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469656345
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Between Remembrance and Repair by : Claire Whitlinger

Download or read book Between Remembrance and Repair written by Claire Whitlinger and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few places are more notorious for civil rights–era violence than Philadelphia, Mississippi, the site of the 1964 "Mississippi Burning" murders. Yet in a striking turn of events, Philadelphia has become a beacon in Mississippi's racial reckoning in the decades since. Claire Whitlinger investigates how this community came to acknowledge its past, offering significant insight into the social impacts of commemoration. Examining two commemorations around key anniversaries of the murders held in 1989 and 2004, Whitlinger shows the differences in how those events unfolded. She also charts how the 2004 commemoration offered a springboard for the trial of former Klan leader Edgar Ray Killen for his role in the 1964 murders, the 2006 passage of Mississippi's Civil Rights/Human Rights education bill, and the initiation of the Mississippi Truth Project. In doing so, Whitlinger provides the first comprehensive account of these high profile events and expands our understanding of how commemorations both emerge out of and catalyze associated memory movements. Threading a compelling story with theoretical insights, Whitlinger delivers a study that will help scholars, students, and activists alike better understand the dynamics of commemorating difficult pasts, commemorative practices in general, and the links between memory, race, and social change.

In Commemoration of the Visit

Download In Commemoration of the Visit PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780989313261
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (132 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis In Commemoration of the Visit by : Kathleen Fraser

Download or read book In Commemoration of the Visit written by Kathleen Fraser and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poetry. Art. Collaboration. About her collaboration with Robert Glück, Kathleen Fraser writes, "IN COMMEMORATION OF THE VISIT OF FOREIGN COMMERCIAL REPRESENTATIVES TO JAPAN, 1947 is a small picture book assembled as a memento of Japan's finest tourist sites, to be given to their new allies (and recent adversaries). I discovered the book when my friend Bob Glück sent me to an Asian antique store, where he thought I might find 'little things' for Christmas gifts. Seeing the book in the $1 box, I bought a copy and began to write a poem sequence based on each of the photos and their captions, not knowing that Bob had also bought this book and was writing his own version from the same collection of pictures." Featuring color reproductions of the entire postcard book.

Defining Moments

Download Defining Moments PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807876800
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (768 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Defining Moments by : Kathleen Ann Clark

Download or read book Defining Moments written by Kathleen Ann Clark and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2006-05-26 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The historical memory of the Civil War and Reconstruction has earned increasing attention from scholars. Only recently, however, have historians begun to explore African American efforts to interpret those events. With Defining Moments, Kathleen Clark shines new light on African American commemorative traditions in the South, where events such as Emancipation Day and Fourth of July ceremonies served as opportunities for African Americans to assert their own understandings of slavery, the Civil War, and Emancipation--efforts that were vital to the struggles to define, assert, and defend African American freedom and citizenship. Focusing on urban celebrations that drew crowds from surrounding rural areas, Clark finds that commemorations served as critical forums for African Americans to define themselves collectively. As they struggled to assert their freedom and citizenship, African Americans wrestled with issues such as the content and meaning of black history, class-inflected ideas of respectability and progress, and gendered notions of citizenship. Clark's examination of the people and events that shaped complex struggles over public self-representation in African American communities brings new understanding of southern black political culture in the decades following Emancipation and provides a more complete picture of historical memory in the South.

The History Problem

Download The History Problem PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824874390
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The History Problem by : Hiro Saito

Download or read book The History Problem written by Hiro Saito and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2017-04-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seventy years have passed since the end of the Asia-Pacific War, yet Japan remains embroiled in controversy with its neighbors over the war’s commemoration. Among the many points of contention between Japan, China, and South Korea are interpretations of the Tokyo War Crimes Trial, apologies and compensation for foreign victims of Japanese aggression, prime ministerial visits to the Yasukuni Shrine, and the war’s portrayal in textbooks. Collectively, these controversies have come to be called the “history problem.” But why has the problem become so intractable? Can it ever be resolved, and if so, how? To answer these questions author Hiro Saito mobilizes the sociology of collective memory and social movements, political theories of apology and reconciliation, psychological research on intergroup conflict, and philosophical reflections on memory and history. The history problem, he argues, is essentially a relational phenomenon caused when nations publicly showcase self-serving versions of the past at key ceremonies and events: Japan, South Korea, and China all focus on what happened to their own citizens with little regard for foreign others. Saito goes on to explore the emergence of a cosmopolitan form of commemoration taking humanity, rather than nationality, as its primary frame of reference, an approach increasingly used by a transnational network of advocacy NGOs, victims of Japan’s past wrongdoings, historians, and educators. When cosmopolitan commemoration is practiced as a collective endeavor by both perpetrators and victims, Saito argues, a resolution of the history problem—and eventual reconciliation—will finally become possible. The History Problem examines a vast corpus of historical material in both English and Japanese, offering provocative findings that challenge orthodox explanations. Written in clear and accessible prose, this uniquely interdisciplinary book will appeal to sociologists, political scientists, and historians researching collective memory, nationalism and cosmopolitanism, and international relations—and to anyone interested in the commemoration of historical wrongs. An electronic version of this book is freely available thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched, a collaborative initiative designed to make high-quality books open access for the public good. The open-access version of this book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which means that the work may be freely downloaded and shared for non-commercial purposes, provided credit is given to the author. Derivative works and commercial uses require permission from the publisher.