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Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control Incentives Theory Approach
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Book Synopsis Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control: Incentives Theory Approach by : Helen N. Pushkarskaya
Download or read book Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control: Incentives Theory Approach written by Helen N. Pushkarskaya and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The purpose of this study was to design a regulatory policy to solve a nonpoint source (NPS) water pollution problem, . Cost-sharing programs of various kinds have dominated NPS policy since the 19802s. However, such programs are neither efficient nor effective. Economists agree that, in principle, performance-based approaches are preferred to design-based, because they allow firms to choose least-cost abatement practices. However, nonpoint sources are seldom included in performance-based programs since it is very costly to monitor the performance of individual NPS polluters. The NPS pollution problem can be modeled as a generalized principal-agents problem. That is, the principal has to regulate agents while he cannot observe either the types and or the effort level of the agents; only total level of ambient pollution is verifiable. However this kind of problem is very complicated and a general solution has yet to be derived. Simplified models (with either only adverse selection, or hidden action) have been analyzed and first best solutions derived. Nevertheless, these solutions are incomplete, since they fail to solve simultaneously the adverse selection and moral hazard problems. I show that under assumptions consistent with the NPS pollution situation it is possible to decompose the generalized principal-agent problem into two univariate variational problems in the multi-agents case, and to design a two-step contract that solves both the adverse selection and the hidden action problems. I offer a policy-maker2s algorithm that can be used to design a regulatory policy to control NPS pollution. Three steps of a transaction 6 property rights/initial endowment assignment, price and quantity determination, and money/product exchange 6 are considered sequentially; an optimal regulatory intervention is chosen for each step; and then the whole policy is evaluated for consistency and for as-yet-unexamined effects on related markets. Inconsistencies and undesired general equilibrium effects are resolved by modifying the intervention at the appropriate step and re-iterating through the policy algorithm. This research has resulted in contributions in three areas of economic theory: policy design, mechanism design (the generalized principal agent problem), and environmental economics (the nonpoint source water pollution problem).
Book Synopsis Theory, Modeling and Experience in the Management of Nonpoint-Source Pollution by : Clifford S. Russell
Download or read book Theory, Modeling and Experience in the Management of Nonpoint-Source Pollution written by Clifford S. Russell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonpoint-source pollution (NPSP) poses a special challenge to society's ability to manage its collective environmental good - especially surface and groundwater quality. Since there is no `point', such as an outfall pipe, from which the pollution is being discharged and can be measured, pollution can reach the ambient environment without being monitored. Since management of air and water polution requires the definition and enforcement of limits on discharges or the imposition of fees on those discharges, inability to measure limits our ability to manage this environmental problem. This book presents a state-of-the-art review and discussion of economists' efforts to resolve this major problem and attempts to provide a way of working around it. The book sets forth the theoretical issues, modeling, and the actual programs set up to confront this issue.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution and Economic Incentive Policies by : Arun S. Malik
Download or read book Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution and Economic Incentive Policies written by Arun S. Malik and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply by : National Research Council
Download or read book Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-17 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.
Book Synopsis Nonpoint Source Pollution Regulation: Issues and Analysis by : Cesare Dosi
Download or read book Nonpoint Source Pollution Regulation: Issues and Analysis written by Cesare Dosi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In April 1992 the Foundation Eni Enrico Mattei organized a workshop on the regulation of nonpoint source pollution. This volume inc1udes the proceedings of that meeting, as well as additional original contributions, in an attempt to provide an overview of recent theoretical developments in the field. Research on the causes, consequences, and control of nonpoint source pol lution has been carried out over the last two decades. Interest in this subject has grown as a result of the increasing recognition of the insufficiency of traditional pollution control policies focused on the large scale, confined, and general ly predictable pollutant discharges. In fact, many contemporary problems are caused by the combined activities of small polluters, along with natural pro cesses, intermittent and unpredictable events, and often involve pollutants with complex environmental outcomes. Despite the progress made in understanding the nature and size of pollution from diffuse sources, the issue of regulation is still far from being system at ically and adequately addressed. This policy vacuum is partly attributable to the difficulty of adapting the traditional point source regulatory tool kit to the specific features of nonpoint source problems. Such features inc1ude the tech nical difficulty of identifying sources and measuring individual emissions, their variability over time and space, the role played by natural processes in detennin ing pollutant discharges at source and their ultimate impacts on the receiving environmental media.
Book Synopsis Performance-based Voluntary Group Contracts for Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control by : Haci Bayram Isik
Download or read book Performance-based Voluntary Group Contracts for Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control written by Haci Bayram Isik and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Pollution from nonpoint sources (NPS), and agriculture in particular, remains as one of the largest sources of water quality impairments in the United States. As is well known in the literature, there are many difficulties with designing regulations for reducing nonpoint source pollution (i.e., Tomasi, Segerson, and Braden, 1994). Uncertainty and asymmetric information are the key regulatory difficulties in the control of NPS. The main goal of this study is to describe a potential incentive scheme that can be applied in limited information situations. The incentive scheme involves a contract written between a point source of pollution and a small group of other nonpoint polluters in the watershed to reduce a specific load of pollution. In this study, I propose a group contract built upon the ideas of Stiglitz (1990) and Varian (1990), and originally applied to micro-lending arrangements in developing countries. The contract allows the nonpoint sources to enter the contract voluntarily, and will base on group performance. To handle the incentive problems typical in many principal agent problems, it incorporates joint liability, and peer pressure/monitoring to induce the nonpoint sources of pollution to meet their contractual obligations. It is shown that, depending on parameter values, this mechanism can potentially induce peer pressure/monitoring, alleviate moral hazard/free-rider problems within the group even though the contract offers them some level of fixed payment.
Book Synopsis Clean Coastal Waters by : National Research Council
Download or read book Clean Coastal Waters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :796 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (17 download)
Book Synopsis Clean Water Act Amendments by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works
Download or read book Clean Water Act Amendments written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Perspectives on Nonpoint Source Pollution by :
Download or read book Perspectives on Nonpoint Source Pollution written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis National Water Quality Goals Cannot be Attained Without More Attention to Pollution from Diffused Or "nonpoint" Sources by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book National Water Quality Goals Cannot be Attained Without More Attention to Pollution from Diffused Or "nonpoint" Sources written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "GAO reviewed overall efforts to controll nonpoint sources of pollution and concluded that progress has been minimal ... The Environmental Protection Agency should do more to plan solutions to nonpoint sources of water pollution ... The Agency agrees that a greater nonpoint source control effort at the Federal, State, and local level is needed. It believes, however, that the present program structure is the best possible, considering the various program constraints."--Page i-iii.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :112 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Water Quality Trading by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment
Download or read book Water Quality Trading written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :188 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (18 download)
Book Synopsis Nonpoint Source Water Pollution by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight
Download or read book Nonpoint Source Water Pollution written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Point-nonpoint Source Trading for Managing Agricultural Pollutant Loadings by : David Letson
Download or read book Point-nonpoint Source Trading for Managing Agricultural Pollutant Loadings written by David Letson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Planning and Standards Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :132 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Guidance Construction Activities by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Planning and Standards
Download or read book Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Guidance Construction Activities written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Planning and Standards and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Permit Trading in Different Applications by : Bernd Hansjürgens
Download or read book Permit Trading in Different Applications written by Bernd Hansjürgens and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-06-16 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Permit trading is an environmental policy instrument that has received increasing levels of attention over recent years. Coming from the field of air quality management, with the European CO2 emissions trading system being the most prominent example, it enters new fields of application, such as land use policy and biodiversity protection, water quality and water quantity trading. This book gives an overview of these recent developments and discusses the possibilities and limits of permit trading in environmental policies. The advantages of permit trading are not only seen with respect to economic efficiency, which leads to achieving the environmental target at minimum cost, but also with respect to the instrument’s environmental effectiveness. By setting a cap for the overall emissions, a given environmental target can be met. This makes permit trading an interesting case for many environmental fields where safeguarding the environmental target plays a dominant role. Against this background, permit trading is discussed in environmental policy fields, where it has not been considered before, for example, land use management, biodiversity protection and water trading. Permit Trading in Different Applications analyses the properties of permit trading: its possibilities and limitations, its design options and its restrictions on a more general level. It demonstrates how lessons learnt in established policy fields like air quality management can be transferred to new and emerging fields of application. This collection will provide students and practitioners in environmental sciences and policy with valuable research into instrument choice and design with respect to permit trading.
Book Synopsis Controlling Nonpoint-source Water Pollution by : Nancy Richardson Hansen
Download or read book Controlling Nonpoint-source Water Pollution written by Nancy Richardson Hansen and published by . This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Citizens can play an important role in helping their states develop pollution control programs and spurring effective efforts to deal with nonpoint-source pollution. This guide takes the reader step-by-step through the process that states must follow to comply with water quality legislation relevant to nonpoint-source pollution. Part I provides background on nonpoint-source pollution. Parts II, III, and IV describe in detail the nonpoint-planning process. Chapter titles are: (1) "Introduction: An Opportunity for Citizen Action"; (2) "A Different Kind of Pollution"; (3) "Identifying Water-Quality Problems"; (4) "Identifying Sources of Nonpoint Pollution"; (5) "Selecting Best Management Practices"; (6) "Establishing Institutional Mechanisms"; (7) "Drawing Up an Implementation Schedule"; and (7) "Monitoring Implementation and Enforcement." References are provided at the end of each chapter. Appendices contain: (1) a listing of offices of the Environmental Protection Agency and states within each EPA region; (2) state water pollution control agencies; (3) nonpoint-source provisions in the Water Quality Act of 1987; (4) report of the Conference Committee, U.S. House of Representatives pertaining to management of nonpoint sources of pollution; (5) state water resources research institutes; (6) major nonpoint-source pollution categories and subcategories; and (7) agricultural chemicals for which EPA has recommended water quality criteria. (LZ)
Book Synopsis The Economics of Water Quality by : K. William Easter
Download or read book The Economics of Water Quality written by K. William Easter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together a number of prominent economic studies all of which deal with key water quality issues. The studies focus on the economic aspects of water quality including identifying the polluters' actions and incentives, designing and comparing control mechanisms, analyzing the costs and benefits of water quality programs, and finally managing transboundary water quality. They all make recommendations for improving water quality through changing incentives, programmes and/or policies.
