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Nitrobenzene Production From Benzene Cost Analysis Nb E11a
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Book Synopsis Nitrobenzene Production from Benzene - Cost Analysis - NB E11A by : Intratec
Download or read book Nitrobenzene Production from Benzene - Cost Analysis - NB E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Nitrobenzene production from benzene and nitric acid. The process examined is similar to NORAM's adiabatic benzene nitration process. In this process, benzene, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid are sent to a plug-flow nitrator containing jet-impingement elements. The product from nitration is washed and purified, producing technical-grade Nitrobenzene. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 20110245547, issued to NORAM International Limited in 2011 (2) "Nitrobenzene and Nitrotoluene", McKetta, J. J. and Cunningham, W. A.. Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design, Vol. 31 Keywords: NORAM, Benzene Nitration
Book Synopsis Nitrobenzene Production from Benzene - Cost Analysis - NB E11A by : Intratec
Download or read book Nitrobenzene Production from Benzene - Cost Analysis - NB E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Nitrobenzene production from benzene and nitric acid. The process examined is similar to NORAM's adiabatic benzene nitration process. In this process, the nitration reaction is conducted in a jet-impingement nitrator. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: NORAM, Benzene Nitration
Book Synopsis Nitrobenzene Production from Benzene - Cost Analysis - NB E12A by : Intratec
Download or read book Nitrobenzene Production from Benzene - Cost Analysis - NB E12A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Nitrobenzene production from benzene and nitric acid. The process examined is similar to Chematur's adiabatic benzene nitration process. In this process, benzene, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid are reacted in a tubular nitrator. The product from nitration is washed and purified, producing technical-grade Nitrobenzene. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Chematur, Benzene Nitration
Book Synopsis Chemical Reaction Engineering by : Octave Levenspiel
Download or read book Chemical Reaction Engineering written by Octave Levenspiel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1998-09-01 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical reaction engineering is concerned with the exploitation of chemical reactions on a commercial scale. It's goal is the successful design and operation of chemical reactors. This text emphasizes qualitative arguments, simple design methods, graphical procedures, and frequent comparison of capabilities of the major reactor types. Simple ideas are treated first, and are then extended to the more complex.
Book Synopsis Insect Chemoreception by : M.F. Ryan
Download or read book Insect Chemoreception written by M.F. Ryan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-01-31 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume encompasses and unites all the major topics relating to Insect Chemoreception. Part 1 addresses topics such as plant/insect interactions, pheromones, ultrastructure, electrophysiology and the biochemistry of chemoreceptors. Part 2 embraces applications of plant chemicals and cultivars in insect pest control, host plant resistance and pheromones. A concluding chapter discusses the scope and potential of genetic engineering. This comprehensive account of the major aspects of sustainable insect pest control, together with the key references cited, will point the way to relevant research projects, and provide an up-to-date awareness of recent developments in the field. Audience: Graduate students and researchers in insect chemoreception, chemical ecology and sustainable pest control.
Book Synopsis Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems by : Kenneth A. Connors
Download or read book Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems written by Kenneth A. Connors and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-04-02 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of thermodynamics often fail to demonstrate how the mathematical intricacies of the subject relate to practical laboratory applications. Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems makes these connections clear, emphasizing specific applications to pharmaceutical systems in a study created specifically for contemporary curriculums at colleges of pharmacy. Students investigating drug discovery, drug delivery, and drug action will benefit from Kenneth Connors's authoritative treatment of the fundamentals of thermodynamics as well as his attention to drug molecules and experimental considerations. An extensive appendix that reviews the mathematics needed to master the pharmacy curriculum proves an invaluable reference. Connors divides his one-of-a-kind text into three sections: Basic Thermodynamics, Thermodynamics of Physical Processes, and Thermodynamics of Chemical Processes; chapters include: * Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics * The Entropy Concept * Phase Transformations * Solubility * Acid-Base Equilibria * Noncovalent Binding Equilibria Thermodynamics need not be a mystery nor be confined to the realm of mathematical theory. Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems introduces students of pharmacy to the profound thermodynamic applications in the laboratory while also serving as a handy resource for practicing researchers.
Author :Heinz-Helmut Perkampus Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642774776 Total Pages :252 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (427 download)
Book Synopsis UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Its Applications by : Heinz-Helmut Perkampus
Download or read book UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Its Applications written by Heinz-Helmut Perkampus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UV-VIS spectroscopy is one of the oldest methods in molecular spectroscopy. The definitive formulation of the Bouguer-Lambert Beer law in 1852 created the basis for the quantitative evaluation of absorption measurements at an early date. This led firstly to colorimetry, then to photometry and finally to spectrophotometry. This evolution ran parallel with the development of detectors for measuring light intensities, i.e. from the human eye via the photo element and photocell, to the photomultiplier and from the photo graphic plate to the present silicon-diode detector both of which allow simultaneous measurement of the complete spectrum. With the development of quantum chemistry, increasing atten tion was paid to the correlation between light absorption and the structure of matter with the result that in recent decades a number of excellent discussions of the theory of electronic spectroscopy (UV-VIS and luminescence sp,~ctroscopy) have been published. Consequently, this extremely ivteresting aspect of molecular spec troscopy has dominated the teaching of the subject both in my own lectures and those of others. However, it is often overlooked that, in addition to the theory, applications of spectroscopic methods are of particular interest to scientists. For this reason, a lecture series about electronic spectroscopy given in the Institute for Physical Chemistry at the Heinrich-Heine-University in Dusseldorf was supplemented by one about "UV-VIS spectroscopy and its applications". This formed the basis of the present book.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Porphyrin Science: with Applications to Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science, Engineering, Biology and Medicine (volume 5) by : Karl M. Kadish
Download or read book Handbook of Porphyrin Science: with Applications to Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science, Engineering, Biology and Medicine (volume 5) written by Karl M. Kadish and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first set of Handbook of Porphyrin Science.Porphyrins, phthalocyanines and their numerous analogues and derivatives are materials of tremendous importance in chemistry, materials science, physics, biology and medicine. They are the red color in blood (heme) and the green in leaves (chlorophyll); they are also excellent ligands that can coordinate with almost every metal in the Periodic Table. Grounded in natural systems, porphyrins are incredibly versatile and can be modified in many ways; each new modification yields derivatives demonstrated new chemistry, physics and biology, with a vast array of medicinal and technical applications.As porphyrins are currently employed as platforms for study of theoretical principles and applications in a wide variety of fields, the Handbook of Porphyrin Science represents a timely ongoing series dealing in detail with the synthesis, chemistry, physicochemical and medical properties and applications of polypyrrole macrocycles. Professors Karl Kadish, Kevin Smith and Roger Guilard are internationally recognized experts in the research field of porphyrins, each having his own separate area of expertise in the field. Between them, they have published over 1500 peer-reviewed papers and edited more than three dozen books on diverse topics of porphyrins and phthalocyanines. In assembling the new volumes of this unique Handbook, they have selected and attracted the very best scientists in each sub-discipline as contributing authors of the chaptersThis Handbook will prove to be a modern authoritative treatise on the subject as it is a collection of up-to-date works by world-renowned experts in the field. Complete with hundreds of figures, tables and structural formulas, and thousands of literature citations, all researchers and graduate students in this field will find the Handbook of Porphyrin Science an essential, major reference source for many years to come.
Book Synopsis BIOS Instant Notes in Analytical Chemistry by : David Kealey
Download or read book BIOS Instant Notes in Analytical Chemistry written by David Kealey and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Instant Notes in Analytical Chemistry provides students with a thorough comprehension of analytical chemistry and its applications. It supports the learning of principles and practice of analytical procedures and also covers the analytical techniques commonly used in laboratories today.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Industrial Hydrocarbon Processes by : James G. Speight
Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Hydrocarbon Processes written by James G. Speight and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2010-12-24 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an author with over 38 years of experience in the chemical and petrochemical process industry, this handbook will present an analysis of the process steps used to produce industrial hydrocarbons from various raw materials. It is the first book to offer a thorough analysis of external factors effecting production such as: cost, availability and environmental legislation. An A-Z list of raw materials and their properties are presented along with a commentary regarding their cost and availability. Specific processing operations described in the book include: distillation, thermal cracking and coking, catalytic methods, hydroprocesses, thermal and catalytic reforming, isomerization, alkylation processes, polymerization processes, solvent processes, water removal, fractionation and acid gas removal. Flow diagrams and descriptions of more than 250 leading-edge process technologies An analysis of chemical reactions and process steps that are required to produce chemicals from various raw materials Properties, availability and environmental impact of various raw materials used in hydrocarbon processing
Book Synopsis Dean's Analytical Chemistry Handbook by : Pradyot Patnaik
Download or read book Dean's Analytical Chemistry Handbook written by Pradyot Patnaik and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2004-06-14 with total page 1193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential on-the-job resource for the analytical chemist has been revised and updated with 40% new material. Readers will find all the conventional wet and instrumental techniques in one exhaustive reference along with all the critical data needed to apply them. Worked examples, troubleshooting tips, and numerous tables and charts are provided for easy access to the data. * The most up-to-date and complete guide to analytical chemistry available today * NEW: 3 major chapters on Analysis of Indoor Air, Analysis of Pesticides, Analysis of Trace Metals
Book Synopsis Results of the nationwide urban runoff program by :
Download or read book Results of the nationwide urban runoff program written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules by : S. F. Sun
Download or read book Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules written by S. F. Sun and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-01-28 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating coverage of polymers and biological macromolecules into a single text, Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules is carefully structured to provide a clear and consistent resource for beginners and professionals alike. The basic knowledge of both biophysical and physical polymer chemistry is covered, along with important terms, basic structural properties and relationships. This book includes end of chapter problems and references, and also: Enables users to improve basic knowledge of biophysical chemistry and physical polymer chemistry. Explores fully the principles of macromolecular chemistry, methods for determining molecular weight and configuration of molecules, the structure of macromolecules, and their separations.
Book Synopsis Chemistry Education in the ICT Age by : Minu Gupta Bhowon
Download or read book Chemistry Education in the ICT Age written by Minu Gupta Bhowon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-21 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: th th The 20 International Conference on Chemical Education (20 ICCE), which had rd th “Chemistry in the ICT Age” as the theme, was held from 3 to 8 August 2008 at Le Méridien Hotel, Pointe aux Piments, in Mauritius. With more than 200 participants from 40 countries, the conference featured 140 oral and 50 poster presentations. th Participants of the 20 ICCE were invited to submit full papers and the latter were subjected to peer review. The selected accepted papers are collected in this book of proceedings. This book of proceedings encloses 39 presentations covering topics ranging from fundamental to applied chemistry, such as Arts and Chemistry Education, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chemical Education for Development, Chemistry at Secondary Level, Chemistry at Tertiary Level, Chemistry Teacher Education, Chemistry and Society, Chemistry Olympiad, Context Oriented Chemistry, ICT and Chemistry Education, Green Chemistry, Micro Scale Chemistry, Modern Technologies in Chemistry Education, Network for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Public Understanding of Chemistry, Research in Chemistry Education and Science Education at Elementary Level. We would like to thank those who submitted the full papers and the reviewers for their timely help in assessing the papers for publication. th We would also like to pay a special tribute to all the sponsors of the 20 ICCE and, in particular, the Tertiary Education Commission (http://tec.intnet.mu/) and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (http://www.opcw.org/) for kindly agreeing to fund the publication of these proceedings.
Book Synopsis Principles of Polymer Design and Synthesis by : Wei-Fang Su
Download or read book Principles of Polymer Design and Synthesis written by Wei-Fang Su and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-09 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can a scientist or engineer synthesize and utilize polymers to solve our daily problems? This introductory text, aimed at the advanced undergraduate or graduate student, provides future scientists and engineers with the fundamental knowledge of polymer design and synthesis to achieve specific properties required in everyday applications. In the first five chapters, this book discusses the properties and characterization of polymers, since designing a polymer initially requires us to understand the effects of chemical structure on physical and chemical characteristics. Six further chapters discuss the principles of polymerization reactions including step, radical chain, ionic chain, chain copolymerization, coordination and ring opening. Finally, material is also included on how commonly known polymers are synthesized in a laboratory and a factory. This book is suitable for a one semester course in polymer chemistry and does not demand prior knowledge of polymer science.
Book Synopsis Inorganic Chemistry by : J. E. House
Download or read book Inorganic Chemistry written by J. E. House and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-30 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides essential information for students of inorganic chemistry or for chemists pursuing self-study. The presentation of topics is made with an effort to be clear and concise so that the book is portable and user friendly. Inorganic Chemistry 2E is divided into five major themes (structure, condensed phases, solution chemistry, main group and coordination compounds) with several chapters in each. There is a logical progression from atomic structure to molecular structure to properties of substances based on molecular structures, to behavior of solids, etc. The author emphasizes fundamental principles-including molecular structure, acid-base chemistry, coordination chemistry, ligand field theory, and solid state chemistry -and presents topics in a clear, concise manner. There is a reinforcement of basic principles throughout the book. For example, the hard-soft interaction principle is used to explain hydrogen bond strengths, strengths of acids and bases, stability of coordination compounds, etc. The book contains a balance of topics in theoretical and descriptive chemistry. New to this Edition: New and improved illustrations including symmetry and 3D molecular orbital representationsExpanded coverage of spectroscopy, instrumental techniques, organometallic and bio-inorganic chemistryMore in-text worked-out examples to encourage active learning and to prepare students for their exams . Concise coverage maximizes student understanding and minimizes the inclusion of details students are unlikely to use. . Discussion of elements begins with survey chapters focused on the main groups, while later chapters cover the elements in greater detail. . Each chapter opens with narrative introductions and includes figures, tables, and end-of-chapter problem sets.
Book Synopsis Microbial Factories by : Vipin Chandra Kalia
Download or read book Microbial Factories written by Vipin Chandra Kalia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-07 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the efforts made by distinguished scientific researchers world-wide to meet two key challenges: i) the limited reserves of polluting fossil fuels, and ii) the ever-increasing amounts of waste being generated. These case studies have brought to the foreground certain innovative biological solutions to real-life problems we now face on a global scale: environmental pollution and its role in deteriorating human health. The book also highlights major advances in microbial metabolisms, which can be used to produce bioenergy, biopolymers, bioactive molecules, enzymes, etc. Around the world, countries like China, Germany, France, Sweden and the US are now implementing major national programs for the production of biofuels. The book provides information on how to meet the chief technical challenges – identifying an industrially robust microbe and cheap raw material as feed. Of the various possibilities for generating bioenergy, the most attractive is the microbial production of biohydrogen, which has recently gained significant recognition worldwide, due to its high efficiency and eco-friendly nature. Further, the book highlights factors that can make these bioprocesses more economical, especially the cost of the feed. The anaerobic digestion (AD) process is more advantageous in comparison to aerobic processes for stabilizing biowastes and producing biofuels (hydrogen, biodiesel, 1,3-propanediol, methane, electricity), biopolymers (polyhydroxyalkanoates, cellulose, exopolysaccharides) and bioactive molecules (such as enzymes, volatile fatty acids, sugars, toxins, etc.) for biotechnological and medical applications. Information is provided on how the advent of molecular biological techniques can provide greater insights into novel microbial lineages. Bioinformatic tools and metagenomic techniques have extended the limits to which these biological processes can be exploited to improve human welfare. A new dimension to these scientific works has been added by the emergence of synthetic biology. The Big Question is: How can these Microbial Factories be improved through metabolic engineering and what cost targets need to be met?
