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New Methods For Solving The Inverse Problem In Radiation Therapy Planning
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Book Synopsis Computational Radiology and Imaging by : Christoph Börgers
Download or read book Computational Radiology and Imaging written by Christoph Börgers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles collected in this volume are based on lectures given at the IMA Workshop, "Computational Radiology and Imaging: Therapy and Diagnostics", March 17-21, 1997. Introductory articles by the editors have been added. The focus is on inverse problems involving electromagnetic radiation and particle beams, with applications to X-ray tomography, nuclear medicine, near-infrared imaging, microwave imaging, electron microscopy, and radiation therapy planning. Mathematical and computational tools and models which play important roles in this volume include the X-ray transform and other integral transforms, the linear Boltzmann equation and, for near-infrared imaging, its diffusion approximation, iterative methods for large linear and non-linear least-squares problems, iterative methods for linear feasibility problems, and optimization methods. The volume is intended not only for mathematical scientists and engineers working on these and related problems, but also for non-specialists. It contains much introductory expository material, and a large number of references. Many unsolved computational and mathematical problems of substantial practical importance are pointed out.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Optimization in Medicine by : Panos M. Pardalos
Download or read book Handbook of Optimization in Medicine written by Panos M. Pardalos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Optimization in Medicine is devoted to examining the dramatic increase in the application of effective optimization techniques to the delivery of health care. The articles, written by experts, focus on models and algorithms that have led to more efficient and sophisticated treatments of patients. Topics covered include: optimization in medical imaging, classification and data mining with medical applications, treatment of epilepsy and other brain disorders, treatment of head-and-neck, prostate, and other cancers using conventional conformal and intensity-modulated radiation therapy as well as proton therapy, treatment selection for breast cancer based on new classification schemes, optimization for the genome project, optimal timing of organ transplants.
Book Synopsis New Technologies in Radiation Oncology by : Wolfgang C. Schlegel
Download or read book New Technologies in Radiation Oncology written by Wolfgang C. Schlegel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-27 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Summarizes the state of the art in the most relevant areas of medical physics and engineering applied to radiation oncology - Covers all relevant areas of the subject in detail, including 3D imaging and image processing, 3D treatment planning, modern treatment techniques, patient positioning, and aspects of verification and quality assurance - Conveys information in a readily understandable way that will appeal to professionals and students with a medical background as well as to newcomers to radiation oncology from the field of physics
Book Synopsis Radiation Therapy Physics by : Alfred R. Smith
Download or read book Radiation Therapy Physics written by Alfred R. Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide a uniquely comprehensive source of information on the entire field of radiation therapy physics. The very significant advances in imaging, computational, and accelerator technologies receive full consideration, as do such topics as the dosimetry of radiolabeled antibodies and dose calculation models. The scope of the book and the expertise of the authors make it essential reading for interested physicians and physicists and for radiation dosimetrists.
Book Synopsis Iterative Methods for Fixed Point Problems in Hilbert Spaces by : Andrzej Cegielski
Download or read book Iterative Methods for Fixed Point Problems in Hilbert Spaces written by Andrzej Cegielski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iterative methods for finding fixed points of non-expansive operators in Hilbert spaces have been described in many publications. In this monograph we try to present the methods in a consolidated way. We introduce several classes of operators, examine their properties, define iterative methods generated by operators from these classes and present general convergence theorems. On this basis we discuss the conditions under which particular methods converge. A large part of the results presented in this monograph can be found in various forms in the literature (although several results presented here are new). We have tried, however, to show that the convergence of a large class of iteration methods follows from general properties of some classes of operators and from some general convergence theorems.
Book Synopsis Radiotherapy Treatment Planning by : Olivier C. Haas
Download or read book Radiotherapy Treatment Planning written by Olivier C. Haas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in depth examination of many of the complex issues associated with planning and optimisation of intensity modulated radiotherapy treatment. It includes: a presentation of current practice, techniques and equipment used by medical physicists and others to deliver radiotherapy treatment; a systems modelling approach in the formulation of a beam model for optimisation, describing the effect of X-rays on human body tissues; a deterministic approach to the inverse problem in radiotherapy, based on weighted iterative least squares is modified to allow an adaptive scaling of the error to improve the performance of a general least squares algorithm; a guided random search methodology, based on genetic algorithms which is aimed at solving multi-objective optimisation problems is developed to optimise beam weight/wedge angle as well as coplanar beam orientation; the overall approach developed is demons trated practically using both traditional and modern measurement techniques.
Book Synopsis The Physics of Three Dimensional Radiation Therapy by : S. Webb
Download or read book The Physics of Three Dimensional Radiation Therapy written by S. Webb and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Physics of Three Dimensional Radiation Therapy presents a broad study of the use of three-dimensional techniques in radiation therapy. These techniques are used to specify the target volume precisely and deliver radiation with precision to minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The book discusses multimodality computed tomography, complex treatment planning software, advanced collimation techniques, proton radiotherapy, megavoltage imaging, and stereotactic radiosurgery. A review of the literature, numerous questions, and many illustrations make this book suitable for teaching a course. The themes covered in this book are developed and expanded in Webb's The Physics of Conformal Radiotherapy and the two may be used together or in successive semesters for teaching purposes.
Book Synopsis Parallel Optimization by : Yair Censor
Download or read book Parallel Optimization written by Yair Censor and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1997 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a unique pathway to methods of parallel optimization by introducing parallel computing ideas into both optimization theory and into some numerical algorithms for large-scale optimization problems. The three parts of the book bring together relevant theory, careful study of algorithms, and modeling of significant real world problems such as image reconstruction, radiation therapy treatment planning, financial planning, transportation and multi-commodity network flow problems, planning under uncertainty, and matrix balancing problems.
Book Synopsis Biologically Optimized Radiation Therapy by : Anders Brahme
Download or read book Biologically Optimized Radiation Therapy written by Anders Brahme and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-03-21 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation therapy has developed and advanced dramatically in the last few decades. However, very little has been published or done in the area of biologically optimized treatment planning. Development of Biologically Optimized Radiation Therapy aims to fill and close an important gap in the literature with a well-focused and in-depth content.The book covers the biological, physical and clinical background of advanced biologically based radiation therapy optimization with focus on modern radiation therapy modalities such as electron, photon and light ion therapy. Highly recommended for its strong interdisciplinary profile, the book contains a meritorious compilation of previously unpublished materials in many areas of modern science. Undergraduates, researchers and practitioners such as oncologists, medical physicists and radiation biologists alike should find the book immensely informative and comprehensively thorough.
Book Synopsis Tumor Response Monitoring and Treatment Planning by : A. Heuck
Download or read book Tumor Response Monitoring and Treatment Planning written by A. Heuck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical imaging progressed to a standard undreamt of not very many years ago. The advances are due to continuous development of radiological techniques and the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging. With the improved and new methods three-dimensional target volumes for radiation therapy can be defined with hitherto unknown precision. This leads to an improvement in irradiation techniques and, as a consequence, to a higher likelihood of tumor control and a lower risk of normal tissue complications. Besides the improvement in irradiation techniques the new imaging methods may enable great strides in tumor response monitoring, not only in the detection of morphological alterations but also by showing physiological changes in the tumor during and after treatment by means of MRI and PET. This not only leads to better prognostic information but may also allow early evaluation of the response to treatment. It may then be possible to individualize the radiation dose but also the alternative-treatment for non-responders. This is certainly a future direction for radiation oncology.
Book Synopsis Monitoring, Evaluating, Planning Health Services - Proceedings Of The 24th Meeting Of The European Working Group On Operational Research Applied To Health Services by : Vanda De Angelis
Download or read book Monitoring, Evaluating, Planning Health Services - Proceedings Of The 24th Meeting Of The European Working Group On Operational Research Applied To Health Services written by Vanda De Angelis and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999-11-24 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of papers on the application of operational research approaches and methods to problems in the health services.
Book Synopsis Treatment Planning of High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy - Mathematical Modelling and Optimization by : Björn Morén
Download or read book Treatment Planning of High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy - Mathematical Modelling and Optimization written by Björn Morén and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is a widespread class of diseases that each year affects millions of people. It is mostly treated with chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, or combinations thereof. High doserate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) is one modality of radiation therapy, which is used to treat for example prostate cancer and gynecologic cancer. In BT, catheters (i.e., hollow needles) or applicators are used to place a single, small, but highly radioactive source of ionizing radiation close to or within a tumour, at dwell positions. An emerging technique for HDR BT treatment is intensity modulated brachytherapy (IMBT), in which static or dynamic shields are used to further shape the dose distribution, by hindering the radiation in certain directions. The topic of this thesis is the application of mathematical optimization to model and solve the treatment planning problem. The treatment planning includes decisions on catheter placement, that is, how many catheters to use and where to place them, as well as decisions for dwell times. Our focus is on the latter decisions. The primary treatment goals are to give the tumour a sufficiently high radiation dose while limiting the dose to the surrounding healthy organs, to avoid severe side effects. Because these aims are typically in conflict, optimization models of the treatment planning problem are inherently multiobjective. Compared to manual treatment planning, there are several advantages of using mathematical optimization for treatment planning. First, the optimization of treatment plans requires less time, compared to the time-consuming manual planning. Secondly, treatment plan quality can be improved by using optimization models and algorithms. Finally, with the use of sophisticated optimization models and algorithms the requirements of experience and skill level for the planners are lower. The use of optimization for treatment planning of IMBT is especially important because the degrees of freedom are too many for manual planning. The contributions of this thesis include the study of properties of treatment planning models, suggestions for extensions and improvements of proposed models, and the development of new optimization models that take clinically relevant, but uncustomary aspects, into account in the treatment planning. A common theme is the modelling of constraints on dosimetric indices, each of which is a restriction on the portion of a volume that receives at least a specified dose, or on the lowest dose that is received by a portion of a volume. Modelling dosimetric indices explicitly yields mixed-integer programs which are computationally demanding to solve. We have therefore investigated approximations of dosimetric indices, for example using smooth non-linear functions or convex functions. Contributions of this thesis are also a literature review of proposed treatment planning models for HDR BT, including mathematical analyses and comparisons of models, and a study of treatment planning for IMBT, which shows how robust optimization can be used to mitigate the risks from rotational errors in the shield placement. Cancer är en grupp av sjukdomar som varje år drabbar miljontals människor. De vanligaste behandlingsformerna är cellgifter, kirurgi, strålbehandling eller en kombination av dessa. I denna avhandling studeras högdosrat brachyterapi (HDR BT), vilket är en form av strålbehandling som till exempel används vid behandling av prostatacancer och gynekologisk cancer. Vid brachyterapibehandling används ihåliga nålar eller applikatorer för att placera en millimeterstor strålkälla antingen inuti eller intill en tumör. I varje nål finns det ett antal så kallade dröjpositioner där strålkällan kan stanna en viss tid för att bestråla den omkringliggande vävnaden, i alla riktningar. Genom att välja lämpliga tider för dröjpositionerna kan dosfördelningen formas efter patientens anatomi. Utöver HDR BT studeras också den nya tekniken intensitetsmodulerad brachyterapi (IMBT) vilket är en variation på HDR BT där skärmning används för att minska strålningen i vissa riktningar vilket gör det möjligt att forma dosfördelningen bättre. Planeringen av en behandling med HDR BT omfattar hur många nålar som ska användas, var de ska placeras samt hur länge strålkällan ska stanna i de olika dröjpositionerna. För HDR BT kan dessa vara flera hundra stycken medan det för IMBT snarare handlar om tusentals möjliga kombinationer av dröjpositioner och inställningar av skärmarna. Planeringen resulterar i en dosplan som beskriver hur hög stråldos som tumören och intilliggande frisk vävnad och riskorgan utsätts för. Dosplaneringen kan formuleras som ett matematiskt optimeringsproblem vilket är ämnet för avhandlingen. De övergripande målsättningarna för behandlingen är att ge en tillräckligt hög stråldos till tumören, för att döda alla cancerceller, samt att undvika att bestråla riskorgan eftersom det kan ge allvarliga biverkningar. Då alla målsättningarna inte samtidigt kan uppnås fullt ut så fås optimeringsproblem där flera målsättningar behöver prioriteras mot varandra. Utöver att dosplanen uppfyller kliniska behandlingsriktlinjer så är också tidsaspekten av planeringen viktig eftersom det är vanligt att den görs medan patienten är bedövad eller sövd. Vid utvärdering av en dosplan används dos-volymmått. För en tumör anger ett dosvolymmått hur stor andel av tumören som får en stråldos som är högre än en specificerad nivå. Dos-volymmått utgör en viktig del av målen för dosplaner som tas upp i kliniska behandlingsriktlinjer och ett exempel på ett sådant mål vid behandling av prostatacancer är att 95% av prostatans volym ska få en stråldos som är minst den föreskrivna dosen. Dos-volymmått utläses ur de kliniskt betydelsefulla dos-volym histogrammen som för varje stråldosnivå anger motsvarande volym som erhåller den dosen. En fördel med att använda matematisk optimering för dosplanering är att det kan spara tid jämfört med manuell planering. Med väl utvecklade modeller så finns det också möjlighet att skapa bättre dosplaner, till exempel genom att riskorganen nås av en lägre dos men med bibehållen dos till tumören. Vidare så finns det även fördelar med en process som inte är lika personberoende och som inte kräver erfarenhet i lika stor utsträckning som manuell dosplanering i dagsläget gör. Vid IMBT är det dessutom så många frihetsgrader att manuell planering i stort sett blir omöjligt. I avhandlingen ligger fokus på hur dos-volymmått kan användas och modelleras explicit i optimeringsmodeller, så kallade dos-volymmodeller. Detta omfattar såväl analys av egenskaper hos befintliga modeller, utvidgningar av tidigare använda modeller samt utveckling av nya optimeringsmodeller. Eftersom dos-volymmodeller modelleras som heltalsproblem, vilka är beräkningskrävande att lösa, så är det också viktigt att utveckla algoritmer som kan lösa dem tillräckligt snabbt för klinisk användning. Ett annat mål för modellutvecklingen är att kunna ta hänsyn till fler kriterier som är kliniskt relevanta men som inte ingår i dos-volymmodeller. En sådan kategori av mått är hur dosen är fördelad rumsligt, exempelvis att volymen av sammanhängande områden som får en alldeles för hög dos ska vara liten. Sådana områden går dock inte att undvika helt eftersom det är typiskt för dosplaner för brachyterapi att stråldosen fördelar sig ojämnt, med väldigt höga doser till små volymer precis intill strålkällorna. Vidare studeras hur små fel i inställningarna av skärmningen i IMBT påverkar dosplanens kvalitet och de olika utvärderingsmått som används kliniskt. Robust optimering har använts för att säkerställa att en dosplan tas fram som är robust sett till dessa möjliga fel i hur skärmningen är placerad. Slutligen ges en omfattande översikt över optimeringsmodeller för dosplanering av HDR BT och speciellt hur optimeringsmodellerna hanterar de motstridiga målsättningarna.
Book Synopsis Fixed-Point Algorithms for Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering by : Heinz H. Bauschke
Download or read book Fixed-Point Algorithms for Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering written by Heinz H. Bauschke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-27 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fixed-Point Algorithms for Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering" presents some of the most recent work from top-notch researchers studying projection and other first-order fixed-point algorithms in several areas of mathematics and the applied sciences. The material presented provides a survey of the state-of-the-art theory and practice in fixed-point algorithms, identifying emerging problems driven by applications, and discussing new approaches for solving these problems. This book incorporates diverse perspectives from broad-ranging areas of research including, variational analysis, numerical linear algebra, biotechnology, materials science, computational solid-state physics, and chemistry. Topics presented include: Theory of Fixed-point algorithms: convex analysis, convex optimization, subdifferential calculus, nonsmooth analysis, proximal point methods, projection methods, resolvent and related fixed-point theoretic methods, and monotone operator theory. Numerical analysis of fixed-point algorithms: choice of step lengths, of weights, of blocks for block-iterative and parallel methods, and of relaxation parameters; regularization of ill-posed problems; numerical comparison of various methods. Areas of Applications: engineering (image and signal reconstruction and decompression problems), computer tomography and radiation treatment planning (convex feasibility problems), astronomy (adaptive optics), crystallography (molecular structure reconstruction), computational chemistry (molecular structure simulation) and other areas. Because of the variety of applications presented, this book can easily serve as a basis for new and innovated research and collaboration.
Book Synopsis Perez & Brady's Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology by : Edward C. Halperin
Download or read book Perez & Brady's Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology written by Edward C. Halperin and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 7666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher's Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. For more than 30 years, Perez and Brady's Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology has been the must-have standard reference for radiation oncologists and radiation oncology residents who need a comprehensive text covering both the biological and physical science aspects of this complex field as well as disease site-specific information on the integrated, multidisciplinary management of patients with cancer. The book has established itself as the discipline’s "text-of-record," belonging on the shelf of all of those working in the field. The Seventh Edition continues this tradition of excellence with extensive updates throughout, many new chapters, and more than 1,400 full-color illustrations that highlight key concepts in tumor pathogenesis, diagnosis, and targeted radiation therapy.
Book Synopsis Principles of Biomedical Informatics by : Ira J. Kalet
Download or read book Principles of Biomedical Informatics written by Ira J. Kalet and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of a pioneering technical work in biomedical informatics provides a very readable treatment of the deep computational ideas at the foundation of the field. Principles of Biomedical Informatics, 2nd Edition is radically reorganized to make it especially useable as a textbook for courses that move beyond the standard introductory material. It includes exercises at the end of each chapter, ideas for student projects, and a number of new topics, such as:• tree structured data, interval trees, and time-oriented medical data and their use• On Line Application Processing (OLAP), an old database idea that is only recently coming of age and finding surprising importance in biomedical informatics• a discussion of nursing knowledge and an example of encoding nursing advice in a rule-based system• X-ray physics and algorithms for cross-sectional medical image reconstruction, recognizing that this area was one of the most central to the origin of biomedical computing• an introduction to Markov processes, and• an outline of the elements of a hospital IT security program, focusing on fundamental ideas rather than specifics of system vulnerabilities or specific technologies. It is simultaneously a unified description of the core research concept areas of biomedical data and knowledge representation, biomedical information access, biomedical decision-making, and information and technology use in biomedical contexts, and a pre-eminent teaching reference for the growing number of healthcare and computing professionals embracing computation in health-related fields. As in the first edition, it includes many worked example programs in Common LISP, the most powerful and accessible modern language for advanced biomedical concept representation and manipulation. The text also includes humor, history, and anecdotal material to balance the mathematically and computationally intensive development in many of the topic areas. The emphasis, as in the first edition, is on ideas and methods that are likely to be of lasting value, not just the popular topics of the day. Ira Kalet is Professor Emeritus of Radiation Oncology, and of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, at the University of Washington. Until retiring in 2011 he was also an Adjunct Professor in Computer Science and Engineering, and Biological Structure. From 2005 to 2010 he served as IT Security Director for the University of Washington School of Medicine and its major teaching hospitals. He has been a member of the American Medical Informatics Association since 1990, and an elected Fellow of the American College of Medical Informatics since 2011. His research interests include simulation systems for design of radiation treatment for cancer, software development methodology, and artificial intelligence applications to medicine, particularly expert systems, ontologies and modeling. - Develops principles and methods for representing biomedical data, using information in context and in decision making, and accessing information to assist the medical community in using data to its full potential - Provides a series of principles for expressing biomedical data and ideas in a computable form to integrate biological, clinical, and public health applications - Includes a discussion of user interfaces, interactive graphics, and knowledge resources and reference material on programming languages to provide medical informatics programmers with the technical tools to develop systems
Book Synopsis Alternating Projection Methods by : Ren Escalante
Download or read book Alternating Projection Methods written by Ren Escalante and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive textbook for advanced undergraduate or graduate students.
Book Synopsis Global Optimization by : János D. Pintér
Download or read book Global Optimization written by János D. Pintér and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-13 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimization models based on a nonlinear systems description often possess multiple local optima. The objective of Global Optimization (GO) is to find the best possible solution of multiextremal problems. This volume illustrates the applicability of GO modeling techniques and solution strategies to real-world problems. Coverage extends to a broad range of applications, from agroecosystem management to robot design. Proposed solutions encompass a range of practical and viable methods.
