Neuropsychology of Childhood Epilepsy

Download Neuropsychology of Childhood Epilepsy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306476126
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neuropsychology of Childhood Epilepsy by : Isabelle Jambaqué

Download or read book Neuropsychology of Childhood Epilepsy written by Isabelle Jambaqué and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the neuropsychological description of childhood epilepsy, a neurolo- cal condition that constitutes one of the most prevalent forms of chronic and disabling childhood illnesses. Indeed, one child out of 20 experiences one or more seizures before the age of 5, and one in a hundred develops epilepsy as a chronic disorder. Approximately half of these children with epilepsy display academic difficulties and/or behavioral disorders. Moreoever, it is now believed that a sizable proportion of children with learning disability suffer from undiagnosed epilepsy. While a great number of textbooks have been devoted to various medical aspects of chi- hood epilepsy (diagnosis, genetics, etiology, drug and surgical treatment, etc.), there have been no comprehensive accounts of the cognitive consequences of this condition. Advance of medical knowledge has shown that childhood epilepsy should not be considered as a single disorder but encompasses a whole range of different conditions that exhibit specific clinical EEG and outcome characteristics. It is not becoming apparent that these various clinical entities have different cognitive expression that yet need to be specified. The purpose of this book is to provide a complete up-to-date analysis of this multi-faceted pathology.

Neuropsychology in the Care of People with Epilepsy

Download Neuropsychology in the Care of People with Epilepsy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Libbey Eurotext
ISBN 13 : 274200808X
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neuropsychology in the Care of People with Epilepsy by : Christoph Helmstaedter, Bruce Hermann, Maryse Lassonde, Philippe Kahane, Alexis Arzimanoglou

Download or read book Neuropsychology in the Care of People with Epilepsy written by Christoph Helmstaedter, Bruce Hermann, Maryse Lassonde, Philippe Kahane, Alexis Arzimanoglou and published by John Libbey Eurotext. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having appeared in the 1930s in Montreal, standardised neuropsychological evaluation has become an essential tool in the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of surgical epileptic patients. Nevertheless, despite great progress over the last 20 to 30 years in the diagnosis and medical treatment of epilepsy, clinical neuropsychology still remains largely associated with surgical epilepsy, particularly surgery of the temporal lobe. Clinical neurology has still not managed to clear a way in the daily practice with patients with all types of epilepsy despite significant advances in cognitive neuroscience and a large number of clinical studies on epilepsy and cognition. How is it that there are only rarely major advances in the field of clinical neuropsychology? It has long been time for this question to be asked, and for an attempt to be made to bring about changes. This was the aim of the Toronto workshop and the result of this book. Every approach was debated, providing important elements to reflect on and allowing a great forum for exchanges. This book includes the communications from the main participants and comments from some others on specific subjects.

Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy

Download Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781493939770
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (397 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy by : William B. Barr

Download or read book Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy written by William B. Barr and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once feared and misunderstood even among the medical community, epilepsy has since largely been demystified. Besides the characteristic seizures, various cognitive, behavioral, and emotional difficulties are recognized as associated with the condition, and patients are finding relief in medical management and/or surgical intervention. Not surprisingly, neuropsychology has emerged as a major component in treatment planning, program development, and assessment of surgical candidates. Geared toward beginning as well as veteran clinicians, the Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy offers readers a skills-based framework for assessment and treatment, using current evidence and standardized terminology. Expert coverage reviews widely-used methods for evaluating key aspects of patient functioning (MRI, MEG, electrocortical mapping, the Wada test), and presents guidelines for psychotherapeutic and cognitive remediation strategies in treating comorbid psychiatric conditions. Given the diversity of the patient population, additional chapters spotlight issues specific to subgroups including high- and low-functioning as well as geriatric and pediatric patients. This integrative hands-on approach benefits a range of practitioners across medical and neurological settings. Topics featured in the Handbook: Neuropsychological assessment across the lifespan. Evaluating the epilepsy surgical candidate: methods and procedures. The Wada test: current perspectives and applications. Assessing psychiatric and personality disorders in the epilepsy patient. Evaluation and management of psychogenic non-epileptic attacks. Neuropsychological assessment with culturally diverse patients. Practical and flexible in its coverage, the Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy serves not only neuropsychologists and neurologists but also primary care physicians such as internists, family physicians, and pediatricians.

Neuropsychology of Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery

Download Neuropsychology of Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195372506
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neuropsychology of Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery by : Gregory P. Lee

Download or read book Neuropsychology of Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery written by Gregory P. Lee and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classification of epilepsy disorders -- Epilepsy syndromes -- Diagnostic tests in epilepsy -- Medical treatment of epilepsy -- Neuropsychological assessment in epilepsy -- Psychological and psychiatric disorders in epilepsy -- Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures -- Neuropsychological assessment in epilepsy surgery -- Other neuropsychological procedures in epilepsy surgery -- Medical aspects of epilepsy surgery.

The Neuropsychology of Epilepsy

Download The Neuropsychology of Epilepsy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489923500
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Neuropsychology of Epilepsy by : Thomas L. Bennett

Download or read book The Neuropsychology of Epilepsy written by Thomas L. Bennett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This was an exciting project to work on, and I attempted to obtain a broad sampling of current research on the neuropsychology of epilepsy. Because the emphasis of the book takes a neuropsychological perspective on epilepsy, the coverage is not redundant with previous texts on this topic. The book is organized around three themes, although individual chapters certainly often extend beyond the part in which they are located. The three major topics are the nature of epilepsy, cognitive and emotional consequences of epilepsy, and treatment approaches to epilepsy and outcome. In Part I, following a historical overview of epilepsy in Chapter 1 by Sandra D. Haynes and me, Gerald C. McIntosh presents a conceptualization of the epilepsies from a neurologist's perspective. The characteristics of seizure types are discussed, and the etiology of secondary epilepsies is described. Epileptic syndromes are considered. McIntosh outlines clinical seizure patterns associated with seizures originating from different cortical regions.

Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents

Download Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118388518
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents by : James W. Wheless

Download or read book Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents written by James W. Wheless and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-22 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epilepsy in childhood presents a profound challenge Epilepsy is an unsettling, complex condition. There is no ‘one size fits all’ option. For effective treatment a full understanding of each patient’s situation and clinical history is needed. Recent remarkable improvements in our ability to image brain structures, to define physiological patterns and in treatment options has made the task of care of the child with epilepsy potentially more effective. Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents provides the contemporary, caring guidance you need to diagnose and manage seizures in a young patient. Beginning with an overview of the classification of epilepsy syndromes, the experienced authors cover: Diagnostic evaluation of childhood epilepsies Principles of treatment Generalized seizures and generalized epilepsy syndromes Partial onset seizures and localization-related epilepsy syndromes Epilepsies relative to age, etiology or duration The full range of treatment options: medical, dietary, surgical Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents takes a practical approach to a common but complex clinical challenge.

Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy

Download Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 038792826X
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (879 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy by : William B. Barr

Download or read book Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy written by William B. Barr and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once feared and misunderstood even among the medical community, epilepsy has since largely been demystified. Besides the characteristic seizures, various cognitive, behavioral, and emotional difficulties are recognized as associated with the condition, and patients are finding relief in medical management and/or surgical intervention. Not surprisingly, neuropsychology has emerged as a major component in treatment planning, program development, and assessment of surgical candidates. Geared toward beginning as well as veteran clinicians, the Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy offers readers a skills-based framework for assessment and treatment, using current evidence and standardized terminology. Expert coverage reviews widely-used methods for evaluating key aspects of patient functioning (MRI, MEG, electrocortical mapping, the Wada test), and presents guidelines for psychotherapeutic and cognitive remediation strategies in treating comorbid psychiatric conditions. Given the diversity of the patient population, additional chapters spotlight issues specific to subgroups including high- and low-functioning as well as geriatric and pediatric patients. This integrative hands-on approach benefits a range of practitioners across medical and neurological settings. Topics featured in the Handbook: Neuropsychological assessment across the lifespan. Evaluating the epilepsy surgical candidate: methods and procedures. The Wada test: current perspectives and applications. Assessing psychiatric and personality disorders in the epilepsy patient. Evaluation and management of psychogenic non-epileptic attacks. Neuropsychological assessment with culturally diverse patients. Practical and flexible in its coverage, the Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy serves not only neuropsychologists and neurologists but also primary care physicians such as internists, family physicians, and pediatricians.

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and the Mind-Brain Relationship: A New Perspective

Download Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and the Mind-Brain Relationship: A New Perspective PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080469175
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and the Mind-Brain Relationship: A New Perspective by : Shirley Ferguson

Download or read book Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and the Mind-Brain Relationship: A New Perspective written by Shirley Ferguson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the surgical treatment of epilepsy and its consequences, and provides an extraordinary perspective on the fascinating question of the relationship between brain and mind. Contrary to the current emphasis on statistics and objectivity, this book is dedicated to understanding the whole person, the life and experiences of the individual. It reports on cutting-edge technical skills provided with a human touch. This book reflects the understanding that the temporolimbic seizure originates in tissue providing the substrate for the emotional life and memory. Finally, it emphasizes the value of clinical research – here, conducted in the course of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of epilepsy – in helping to elucidate the relationship between brain and mind.

Pediatric Neuropsychology Case Studies

Download Pediatric Neuropsychology Case Studies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387789650
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pediatric Neuropsychology Case Studies by : Jennifer Niskala Apps

Download or read book Pediatric Neuropsychology Case Studies written by Jennifer Niskala Apps and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-23 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the recent literature, the most influential case study books in neuropsychology are in the adult realm. Pediatric neuropsychology is a rapidly developing field with increasingly greater influence in the assessment, diagnosis, early identification, and treatment of childhood illnesses. This book will provide the first centralized, comprehensive resource for case studies in pediatric neuropsychology. Not only will this supply a valuable compilation for the growing numbers of professionals in this field, but will also serve as an innovative and appealing resource for therapists, teachers, and others interested in child development. This book will be structured in such a way that readers can easily access individual cases of interest, as well as related areas of dysfunction. Section breakdowns will be provided in order to highlight the combined focus of case presentations in acquired neuropsychological dysfunction as well as developmental disorders. Each section will begin with an introductory chapter, highlighting the salient feature of the concept and providing brief, up to date reviews of the current research and theories. Within each global section, individual case studies will serve as stand-alone chapters. Contributing authors will be provided extensive guidance and coaching with regards to the standard format and information to be included in each chapter. The first section of this book will present cases involving neurological disorders. The intention of this section is to provide not only “classic” examples of neurological dysfunction in children, but also to provide interesting cases of unique or remarkable presentations. The second section will present an accumulation of cases representing both common and progressive conceptualizations of developmental disabilities. Section three has been designed to highlight cases which often present complex issues to neuropsychologists. The case examples in this section will highlight the use of alternative treatments, pathologies that are often a source of inquiry, and situations that lack the more rigorous scientific data often utilized in other diagnostic procedures. Additionally, this section may include chapters on common differential diagnosis dilemmas in clinical practice. Often multifaceted and even contradictory evidence can arise during evaluations, resulting in complex or problematic situations for the clinician. Such examples are difficult, by their nature, to forecast, but rather would be added during the book’s development, as they occur.

Pediatric Neurology Part I

Download Pediatric Neurology Part I PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 012807776X
Total Pages : 892 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pediatric Neurology Part I by : I. Jambaqué

Download or read book Pediatric Neurology Part I written by I. Jambaqué and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-24 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood epilepsy may cause cognitive disorders and the intellectual quotient is indeed not normally distributed in epileptic children, a fair proportion of whom show an IQ in the deficient range. Some epileptic syndromes happen during vulnerability periods of brain maturation and interfere with the development of specific cognitive functions. This is the case for the Landau–Kleffner syndrome, which generally appears during speech development and affects language. Similarly, West syndrome – or infantile spasms – is an epileptogenic encephalopathy appearing during the first years of life and induces a major delay in social and oculo-motor development. Specific impairments can also be identified in partial childhood epilepsies in relation with seizure focus localization. For instance, left temporal and frontal epilepsies are frequently associated with verbal impairments. Moreover, episodic memory disorders have been described in children suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy whereas executive deficits (planning, self-control, problem solving) have been reported in frontal lobe epilepsy. In most cases, including its mildest forms, childhood epilepsy induces attention deficits, which may affect academic achievement. These observations militate in favor of individual neuropsychological assessments as well as early interventions in order to provide the child with an optimal individualized treatment program.

Understanding Epilepsy

Download Understanding Epilepsy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108718906
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (87 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding Epilepsy by : Vibhangini S. Wasade

Download or read book Understanding Epilepsy written by Vibhangini S. Wasade and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, accessible synthesis of current information on epilepsy for medical trainees and physicians preparing for board certification.

Neuropsychological Sequelae of Childhood Epilepsy

Download Neuropsychological Sequelae of Childhood Epilepsy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neuropsychological Sequelae of Childhood Epilepsy by : Lea Freiburger Aschkenase

Download or read book Neuropsychological Sequelae of Childhood Epilepsy written by Lea Freiburger Aschkenase and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Neuropsychiatry of Epilepsy

Download The Neuropsychiatry of Epilepsy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139497898
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Neuropsychiatry of Epilepsy by : Michael R. Trimble

Download or read book The Neuropsychiatry of Epilepsy written by Michael R. Trimble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research into the neuropsychiatry of epilepsy has become a central focus of interest in the last five years. Comorbidity of epilepsy with behavioral problems is now recognized widely, and the neuroscientific basis for such comorbidity is an active area of investigation. With an expanded international team of authors, this fully revised new edition builds on the strengths of its predecessor, examining in detail the subtleties of behavioral changes in patients with seizure disorders and offering both a diagnostic and a management perspective. New chapters cover genetic disorders, the effects of epilepsy on social behavior as viewed through theory of mind, a discussion of the precuneus, the importance and nature of peri-ictal psychiatric symptoms, depression and the interictal dysphoric disorder, and the relationship between antiepileptic drugs and suicide. This new edition is a must for anyone involved in diagnosing or managing epilepsy.

Childhood Epilepsies

Download Childhood Epilepsies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wiley
ISBN 13 : 9780471912705
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (127 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Childhood Epilepsies by : Fred Gaskin

Download or read book Childhood Epilepsies written by Fred Gaskin and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1989-05-25 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the psychosocial and cognitive aspects of childhood epilepsy. Covers behavioral and emotional problems and their determinants, effects of the epilepsy on the family unit, prognosis of cognitive and behavioral functioning, academic achievement, and the effects of anti-convulsant drugs on behavior. Includes a section devoted to intervention procedures for special problems--the multiply-handicapped child, adjunct approaches to seizure control, and vocational and surgical problems.

Handbook of Clinical Child Neuropsychology

Download Handbook of Clinical Child Neuropsychology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1489968075
Total Pages : 590 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Clinical Child Neuropsychology by : Cecil R. Reynolds

Download or read book Handbook of Clinical Child Neuropsychology written by Cecil R. Reynolds and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has brought important advances in our understanding of the brain, particularly its influence on the behavior, emotions, and personality of children and adolescents. In the tradition of its predecessors, the third edition of the Handbook of Clinical Child Neuropsychology enhances this understanding by emphasizing current best practice, up-to-date science, and emerging theoretical trends for a comprehensive review of the field. Along with the Handbook’s impressive coverage of normal development, pathology, and professional issues, brand-new chapters highlight critical topics in assessment, diagnostic, and treatment, including, The role and prevalence of brain dysfunction in ADHD, conduct disorder, the autistic spectrum, and other childhood disorders; The neuropsychology of learning disabilities; Assessment of Spanish-speaking children and youth; Using the PASS (planning, attention, simultaneous, successive) theory in neurological assessment; Forensic child neuropsychology; Interventions for pediatric coma. With singular range, timeliness, and clarity, the newly updated Handbook of Clinical Child Neuropsychology reflects and addresses the ongoing concerns of practitioners as diverse as neuropsychologists, neurologists, clinical psychologists, pediatricians, and physical and speech-language therapists.

Benign Focal Epilepsies

Download Benign Focal Epilepsies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Libbey Eurotext
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Benign Focal Epilepsies by : N. Fejerman

Download or read book Benign Focal Epilepsies written by N. Fejerman and published by John Libbey Eurotext. This book was released on 2007 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Developmental Epilepsy: From Clinical Medicine To Neurobiological Mechanisms

Download Developmental Epilepsy: From Clinical Medicine To Neurobiological Mechanisms PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813277742
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Developmental Epilepsy: From Clinical Medicine To Neurobiological Mechanisms by : Carl E Stafstrom

Download or read book Developmental Epilepsy: From Clinical Medicine To Neurobiological Mechanisms written by Carl E Stafstrom and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-06-24 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'It is a small treasure chest of information presented in a compact textbook format. The unique contribution of this volume is the authors' ability to seamlessly bridge our current understanding of the basic science and genetics of this group of disorders to the clinical aspects of each epilepsy ... In short, those who practice in the field of epilepsy will find this text an easily accessible mini encyclopedia of reviews of our current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the various childhood epilepsies. Readers will appreciate the digestible length and level of detail of each chapter and enjoy grabbing this book off the shelf.'Journal of Paediatric Epilepsy This is a collection of chapters from renowned authors focused on the contemporary issues in developmental epilepsy, from both clinical and basic science perspectives. Developmental epilepsy (or epilepsy syndromes), while receiving much more attention than 20 years ago, is still not well understood. This lag in research is reflected in the challenges of treating developmental epilepsy. The book discusses these challenges in the clinic and brings them back to the laboratory bench (and in some cases back to the bedside). This book fills a gap in the literature on developing epilepsy by bridging current clinical knowledge with basic and translational research in the developing brain relevant for developmental epilepsy.The book is introduced by a chapter on brain development to provide a background for understanding when and how seizures and epilepsy can emerge. Recent clinical research indicates strong relationship between childhood epilepsy and developmental cognitive impairment. This connection can be studied in experimental animals and can uncover developmental mechanisms common to both conditions. Targeting those mechanisms might reveal disease-modifying treatments. Febrile seizures are very common in the pediatric population and their impact on further epilepsy development is explored. The link between immunity, inflammation and epileptogenesis in the developing brain is explored. Many developmental epilepsies arise from brain malformations or neuronal migration deficits; some juvenile epilepsies have a clear genetic basis while the etiology of others is less certain. Recently, the involvement of the mTOR pathway in certain childhood epilepsy syndromes was recognized, prompting the repurposing of drugs used in cancer treatment for therapy of these specific epilepsy syndromes. Steroid hormones have significant hormonal effects on neurotransmitter receptors and function, and therefore have an impact on childhood epilepsy; sex steroids may have long term organizational effects on brain structure and epilepsy development. Stress, even early in development, may affect the developing brain and lead to behavioral changes as well as increased susceptibility to seizures.