Natural Nanogold

Download Natural Nanogold PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319591592
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Natural Nanogold by : Boris Osovetsky

Download or read book Natural Nanogold written by Boris Osovetsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes systematic data on nanogold in geological objects, including mineral-concentrators of nanogold, and the structure and chemical composition of nanogold aggregates. The book also discusses problems that arise during the development of nanogold resources and provides recommendations for prospering new gold deposits with thin-dispersed gold. Electronic microphotos and microprobe analyses support this comprehensive overview of the genesis of nanogold. The book especially focuses on the genesis of nanogold, the processes of nanogold concentration in natural environments, and geological formations containing nanogold.

Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Applications

Download Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429555784
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Applications by : L Karthik

Download or read book Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Applications written by L Karthik and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Applications gives insight into the synthesis of nanoparticles utilizing the natural routes. It demonstrates various strategies for the synthesis of nanoparticles utilizing plants, microscopic organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae and so forth. It orchestrates interdisciplinary hypothesis, ideas, definitions, models and discoveries associated with complex cell of the prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Highlights: Discusses biological approach towards the nanoparticle synthesis Describes the role of nanotechnology in the field of medicine and its medical devices Covers application and usage of the chemicals at the molecular level to act as catalysts and binding products for both organic and inorganic Chemical Reactions Reviews application in physics such as solar cells, photovoltaics and other usage Microorganisms can aggregate and detoxify substantial metals because of different reductase enzymes, which can diminish metal salts to metal nanoparticles. The readers after going through this book will have detailed account of mechanism of bio-synthesis of nanoparticles.

Advances in Agronomy

Download Advances in Agronomy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780123810328
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Agronomy by :

Download or read book Advances in Agronomy written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-09-02 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Agronomy continues to be recognized as a leading reference and a first-rate source for the latest research in agronomy. As always, the subjects covered are varied and exemplary of the myriad of subject matter dealt with by this long-running serial. Maintains the highest impact factor among serial publications in agriculture Presents timely reviews on important agronomy issues Enjoys a longstanding reputation for excellence in the field

Nanobiomaterials in Galenic Formulations and Cosmetics

Download Nanobiomaterials in Galenic Formulations and Cosmetics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0323428916
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (234 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanobiomaterials in Galenic Formulations and Cosmetics by : Alexandru Grumezescu

Download or read book Nanobiomaterials in Galenic Formulations and Cosmetics written by Alexandru Grumezescu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-05-12 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanobiomaterials in Galenic Formulations and Cosmetics: Applications of Nanobiomaterials is one of the first books on the market related to the application of nanotechnology in galenic formulations and cosmetics. This book provides the results of current research for those working in an applied setting. The advantage of having all this information in one coherent text is the focused nature of the chapters and the ease of which this information can be accessed. This collection of titles brings together many of the novel applications these materials have in biology, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each application and the perspectives of the technologies based on these findings. At the moment there is no other comparable book series covering all the subjects approached in this set of titles. Offers an updated and highly structured reference material for students, researchers, and practitioners working in biomedical, biotechnological, and engineering fields Serves as a valuable resource of recent scientific progress, along with most known applications of nanomaterials in the biomedical field Features novel opportunities and ideas for developing or improving technologies in nanomedicine and nanobiology

Phytoremediation

Download Phytoremediation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319996517
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Phytoremediation by : Abid A. Ansari

Download or read book Phytoremediation written by Abid A. Ansari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-02 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text details the plant-assisted remediation method, “phytoremediation”, which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil contaminated with high levels of metals, metalloids, fuel and oil hydrocarbons, nano particles, pesticides, solvents, organic compounds and various other contaminants. Many chapters highlight and compare the efficiency and economic advantages of phytoremediation and nano-phytoremediation to currently practiced soil and water treatment practices. Volume 6 of Phytoremediation: Management of Environmental Contaminants continues the series. Taken together, the six volumes provide a broad–based global synopsis of the current applications of phytoremediation using plants and the microbial communities associated with their roots to decontaminate terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Polysaccharide Nanoparticles

Download Polysaccharide Nanoparticles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128223561
Total Pages : 692 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Polysaccharide Nanoparticles by : Jayachandran Venkatesan

Download or read book Polysaccharide Nanoparticles written by Jayachandran Venkatesan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polysaccharide Nanoparticles: Preparation and Biomedical Applications provides detailed information on polysaccharides nanoparticles in terms of their synthesis and applications. Naturally occurring polysaccharides are widely used as food materials, particularly in Asia. Different kinds of polysaccharide materials are available from nature with various resources such as crustaceans and algae. The exploration and exploitation of polysaccharides nanoparticles from natural resource is at the heart of this book, which also explores the synthesis, preparation and applications of polysaccharides nanoparticles for tissue engineering and food applications. This is an important reference for materials scientists and bioengineers who are looking to gain a greater understanding on how polysaccharides nanoparticles are being used for a variety of biomedical applications. Explains the major synthesis and preparation methods of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles Demonstrates how polysaccharides nanoparticles are being used for a range of biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery and biosensors Assesses the major challenges and risks of using polysaccharides nanoparticles safely and effectively

Biological Responses to Nanoscale Particles

Download Biological Responses to Nanoscale Particles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030124614
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biological Responses to Nanoscale Particles by : Peter Gehr

Download or read book Biological Responses to Nanoscale Particles written by Peter Gehr and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the recent progress accumulated in studies of the interaction of engineered nanoparticles with cells and cellular constituents is presented. The focus is on manufacturing and characterization of nanosized materials, their interactions with biological molecules such as proteins, the mechanisms of transport across biological membranes as well as their effects on biological functions. Fundamental molecular and cellular aspects are in the foreground of the book. A further particularity is the interdisciplinary approach, including fields such as preparatory and analytical chemistry, biophysics and the physics of colloids, advanced microscopy and spectroscopy for in-situ detection of nanoparticles, cellular toxicology and nanomedicine. Nanoscale particles are known to exhibit novel and unprecedented properties that make them different from their corresponding bulk materials. As our ability to control these properties is further advanced, a huge potential to create materials with novel properties and applications emerges. Although the technological and economic benefits of nanomaterials are indisputable, concerns have also been raised that nanoscale structuring of materials might also induce negative health effects. Unfortunately, such negative health effects cannot be deduced from the known toxicity of the corresponding macroscopic material. As a result, there is a major gap in the knowledge necessary for assessing their risk to human health.

Emerging Nanotechnologies in Food Science

Download Emerging Nanotechnologies in Food Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323429998
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (234 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Nanotechnologies in Food Science by : Rosa Busquets

Download or read book Emerging Nanotechnologies in Food Science written by Rosa Busquets and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Nanotechnologies in Food Science presents the current knowledge and latest developments in food nanotechnology, taking a multidisciplinary approach to provide a broad and comprehensive understanding of the field. Food nanotechnology is a newly emergent discipline that is fast-growing and evolving. The discipline continues to benefit from advances in materials and food sciences and has enormous scientific and economic potential. The book presents nano-ingredients and engineered nanoparticles developed to produce technologically improved food from both food science and engineering perspectives. In addition, subsequent chapters offer a review of recent outstanding inventions in food nanotechnology and legal considerations for the protection of intellectual property in this area. With its multidisciplinary team of contributors, this book serves as a reference book for the ever-growing food nanotechnology science. Presents a multidisciplinary approach and broad perspective on nanotechnology applications in food science Contains contributors from various fields, including chapters from a geochemist, a tissue engineer, and a microbiologist, as well as several from food scientists Offers a range of insights relevant to different backgrounds Provides case studies in each chapter that demonstrate how nanotechnology is being used in today's food sector

Approaches in Bioremediation

Download Approaches in Bioremediation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030023699
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Approaches in Bioremediation by : Ram Prasad

Download or read book Approaches in Bioremediation written by Ram Prasad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-08 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioremediation refers to the clean‐up of pollution in soil, groundwater, surface water, and air using typically microbiological processes. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade, transform or detoxify hazardous substances to human health or the environment. For bioremediation to be effective, microorganisms must enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert them to harmless products. As bioremediation can be effective only where environmental conditions permit microbial growth and action, its application often involves the management of ecological factors to allow microbial growth and degradation to continue at a faster rate. Like other technologies, bioremediation has its limitations. Some contaminants, such as chlorinated organic or high aromatic hydrocarbons, are resistant to microbial attack. They are degraded either gradually or not at all, hence, it is not easy to envisage the rates of clean-up for bioremediation implementation. Bioremediation represents a field of great expansion due to the important development of new technologies. Among them, several decades on metagenomics expansion has led to the detection of autochthonous microbiota that plays a key role during transformation. Transcriptomic guides us to know the expression of key genes and proteomics allow the characterization of proteins that conduct specific reactions. In this book we show specific technologies applied in bioremediation of main interest for research in the field, with special attention on fungi, which have been poorly studied microorganisms. Finally, new approaches in the field, such as CRISPR-CAS9, are also discussed. Lastly, it introduces management strategies, such as bioremediation application for managing affected environment and bioremediation approaches. Examples of successful bioremediation applications are illustrated in radionuclide entrapment and retardation, soil stabilization and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, plastics or fluorinated compounds. Other emerging bioremediation methods include electro bioremediation, microbe-availed phytoremediation, genetic recombinant technologies in enhancing plants in accumulation of inorganic metals, and metalloids as well as degradation of organic pollutants, protein-metabolic engineering to increase bioremediation efficiency, including nanotechnology applications are also discussed.

Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications

Download Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128020547
Total Pages : 854 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications by : Kazutami Sakamoto

Download or read book Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications written by Kazutami Sakamoto and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-04-06 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications covers the fundamental aspects of cosmetic science that are necessary to understand material development, formulation, and the dermatological effects that result from the use of these products. The book fulfills this role by offering a comprehensive view of cosmetic science and technology, including environmental and dermatological concerns. As the cosmetics field quickly applies cutting-edge research to high value commercial products that have a large impact in our lives and on the world's economy, this book is an indispensable source of information that is ideal for experienced researchers and scientists, as well as non-scientists who want to learn more about this topic on an introductory level. Covers the science, preparation, function, and interaction of cosmetic products with skin Addresses safety and environmental concerns related to cosmetics and their use Provides a graphical summary with short introductory explanation for each topic Relates product type performance to its main components Describes manufacturing methods of oral care cosmetics and body cosmetics in a systematic manner

Ecotoxicology of Nanoparticles in Aquatic Systems

Download Ecotoxicology of Nanoparticles in Aquatic Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351657550
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ecotoxicology of Nanoparticles in Aquatic Systems by : Julian Blasco

Download or read book Ecotoxicology of Nanoparticles in Aquatic Systems written by Julian Blasco and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-19 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of nanoparticles in medicine, industrial, and other applications has triggered an interest in their potential. This book explores the use of nanoparticles related to their occurrence in the environment, their impact on biota in aquatic systems, application of new methodologies, and changes associated with new global scenarios. The book also covers the bioaccumulation and internalization of nanoparticles as key aspects to assess their uptake and discusses the methodologies for testing ENPs ecotoxicity at different trophic levels.

Green Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles

Download Green Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1780642237
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (86 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Green Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by : Mahendra Rai

Download or read book Green Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles written by Mahendra Rai and published by CABI. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are physical and chemical methods of synthesis of nanomaterials. But due to the damage caused by these methods to the environment there is a pressing need of green nanotechnology, which is a clean and eco-friendly technology for the development of nanomaterials. The present book includes green synthesis of nanoparticles by algae, diatoms and plants. The mechanism behind the synthesis of nanoparticles will also be discussed. The book would be a valuable resource for students, researchers and teachers of biology, chemistry, chemical technology, nanotechnology, microbial technology and those who are interested in green nanotechnology.

Biosensors Nanotechnology

Download Biosensors Nanotechnology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118773810
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biosensors Nanotechnology by : Ashutosh Tiwari

Download or read book Biosensors Nanotechnology written by Ashutosh Tiwari and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides detailed reviews of a range of nanostructures used in the construction of biosensors as well as the applications of these biosensor nanotechnologies in the biological, chemical, and environmental monitoring fields Biological sensing is a fundamental tool for understanding living systems, but also finds practical application in medicine, drug discovery, process control, food safety, environmental monitoring, defense, and personal security. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the bio/electronic interface leads us towards new horizons in areas such as bionics, power generation, and computing. Advances in telecommunications, expert systems, and distributed diagnostics prompt us to question the current ways we deliver healthcare, while robust industrial sensors enable new paradigms in R&D and production. Despite these advances, there is a glaring absence of suitably robust and convenient sensors for body chemistries. This book examines some of the emerging technologies that are fueling scientific discovery and underpinning new products to enhance the length and quality of our lives. The 14 chapters written by leading experts cover such topics as: ZnO and graphene microelectrode applications in biosensing Assembly of polymers/metal nanoparticles Gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors Impedimetric DNA sensing employing nanomaterials Graphene and carbon nanotube-based biosensors Computational nanochemistry study of the BFPF green fluorescent protein chromophore Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles Bioconjugated-nanoporous gold films in electrochemical biosensors The combination of molecular imprinting and nanotechnology Principles and properties of multiferroics and ceramics

Viral Nanoparticles

Download Viral Nanoparticles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429533799
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Viral Nanoparticles by : Nicole F. Steinmetz

Download or read book Viral Nanoparticles written by Nicole F. Steinmetz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-21 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book overviews the applications of viral nanoparticles (VNPs) in areas ranging from materials science to biomedicine. It summarizes the many different VNP building blocks and describes chemistries that allow one to attach, entrap, or display functionalities on VNPs. The book outlines the strategies for the construction of 1-, 2-, and 3-D arrays, highlights the achievements in utilizing VNPs as tools for novel biosensors and nanoelectronic devices, and describes efforts in designing VNPs for biomedical applications, including their use as gene delivery vectors, novel vaccines, imaging modalities, and applications in targeted therapeutics.

Advanced Pharmaceutical and Herbal Nanoscience for Targeted Drug Delivery Systems Part II

Download Advanced Pharmaceutical and Herbal Nanoscience for Targeted Drug Delivery Systems Part II PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9815036556
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Pharmaceutical and Herbal Nanoscience for Targeted Drug Delivery Systems Part II by : Swarnlata Saraf

Download or read book Advanced Pharmaceutical and Herbal Nanoscience for Targeted Drug Delivery Systems Part II written by Swarnlata Saraf and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2022-05-30 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2-part reference informs readers about the application of drug delivery technologies to herbal medicines. Chapters cover a broad range of major topics on the subject of targeted drug delivery systems. These topics include the application of drug delivery systems for herbal nanomedicines, drug development issues, emerging technologies, adaptations for clinical use, market prospects and challenges of industrial commercialization. Chapters have been contributed by several experts in pharmaceutical chemistry and blend theoretical knowledge with practical aspects of drug delivery. Part II covers the following topics: - Pharmaceutical nanosciences and their application in the delivery of various phytoconstituents - Design of cosmeceutical drug delivery systems: the role of nanotechnology in cosmeceuticals - Transfersomes: a novel vesicular transdermal delivery system - Self-nano/micro emulsified drug delivery systems - Phytosomes - The role of nanomedicines in ocular drug delivery systems - Colloidosomes as an efficient novel drug delivery system: an update - Herbal nanoscience: challenges and regulatory perspectives - Vitamins based nanomedicine approach - Dendrimers: a versatile nanoplatform for advanced targeting and bioactive(s) delivery - Targeted drug delivery systems for cells and cell organelles - Liposomes for herbal drug delivery - AI in pharmacy, herbal medicine and drug delivery: sci-fi or reality? This reference is a valuable resource for scholars that creates awareness of novel drug delivery systems as well as their promising applications in drug targeting, and nanotherapeutics for specific diseases.

Characterization of Nanomaterials

Download Characterization of Nanomaterials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081019742
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Characterization of Nanomaterials by : Sneha Mohan

Download or read book Characterization of Nanomaterials written by Sneha Mohan and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterization of Nanomaterials: Advances and Key Technologies discusses the latest advancements in the synthesis of various types of nanomaterials. The book's main objective is to provide a comprehensive review regarding the latest advances in synthesis protocols that includes up-to-date data records on the synthesis of all kinds of inorganic nanostructures using various physical and chemical methods. The synthesis of all important nanomaterials, such as carbon nanostructures, Core-shell Quantum dots, Metal and metal oxide nanostructures, Nanoferrites, polymer nanostructures, nanofibers, and smart nanomaterials are discussed, making this a one-stop reference resource on research accomplishments in this area. Leading researchers from industry, academia, government and private research institutions across the globe have contributed to the book. Academics, researchers, scientists, engineers and students working in the field of polymer nanocomposites will benefit from its solutions for material problems. Provides an up-to-date data record on the synthesis of all kinds of organic and inorganic nanostructures using various physical and chemical methods Presents the latest advances in synthesis protocols Presents latest techniques used in the physical and chemical characterization of nanomaterials Covers characterization of all the important materials groups such as: carbon nanostructures, core-shell quantumdots, metal and metal oxide nanostructures, nanoferrites, polymer nanostructures and nanofibers A broad range of applications is covered including the performance of batteries, solar cells, water filtration, catalysts, electronics, drug delivery, tissue engineering, food packaging, sensors and fuel cells Leading researchers from industry, academia, government and private research institutes have contributed to the books

Handbook of Smart Materials, Technologies, and Devices

Download Handbook of Smart Materials, Technologies, and Devices PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030842053
Total Pages : 2831 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Smart Materials, Technologies, and Devices by : Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Download or read book Handbook of Smart Materials, Technologies, and Devices written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-09 with total page 2831 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook brings together technical expertise, conceptual background, applications, and societal aspects of Industry 4.0: the evolution of automation and data exchange in fabrication technologies, materials processing, and device manufacturing at both experimental and theoretical model scales. The book assembles all the aspects of Industry 4.0, starting from the emergence of the concept to the consequences of its progression. Drawing on expert contributors from around the world, the volume details the technologies that sparked the fourth revolution and illustrates their characteristics, potential, and methods of use in the industrial and societal domains. In addition, important topics such as ethics, privacy and security are considered in a reality where all data is shared and saved remotely. The collection of contribution serve a very broad audience working in the fields of science and engineering, chemical engineering, materials science, nanotechnology, energy, environment, green chemistry, sustainability, electrical and electronic engineering, solid-state physics, surface science, aerosol technology, chemistry, colloid science, device engineering, and computer technology. This handbook ideal reference libraries in universities and industrial institutions, government and independent institutes, individual research groups and scientists.