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Molecular Evolution Evidence For Monophyly Of Metazoa
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Book Synopsis Molecular Evolution: Evidence for Monophyly of Metazoa by : Werner E.G. Müller
Download or read book Molecular Evolution: Evidence for Monophyly of Metazoa written by Werner E.G. Müller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume concentrates on the origin of multicellular animals, Metazoa. Until now, no unequivocal phylogeny has been produced. Therefore, the questions remain: Did Metazoa evolve from the Protozoa only once, or several times? Is the origin of animals monophyletic or polyphyletic? Especially the relationships between the existing lower metazoan phyla, particularly the Porifera (sponges) are uncertain. Based on sequence data of genes typical for multicellularity it is demonstrated that all Metazoa, including Porifera, should be placed into the kingdom Animalia together with the Eumetazoa. Therefore it is most likely that all animals are of monophyletic origin.
Book Synopsis Molecular Evolution: Towards the Origin of Metazoa by : Werner E.G. Müller
Download or read book Molecular Evolution: Towards the Origin of Metazoa written by Werner E.G. Müller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, new genes and their proteins that revealed striking new insights into the early evolution of multicellular animals have been identified and characterized from members of the lowest metazoan phylum, the porifera (sponges). The unexpected result was that the sequences obtained from sponge displayed high similarity to those found in higher metazoa; in consequence, it was concluded that during the transition from protozoa to metazoa the major structural and regulatory proteins evolved only once. The data gathered are now powerful arguments to establish monophyly of metazoa; in addition, new insights on the evolutionary diversification of metazoa were obtained.
Book Synopsis Molds, Molecules, and Metazoa by : Peter R. Grant
Download or read book Molds, Molecules, and Metazoa written by Peter R. Grant and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through an integration of systematics, genetics, and related disciplines, the Modern Synthesis of Evolutionary Biology came into being over fifty years ago. Knowledge of evolution has since been transformed by several revolutions: the way we interpret the fossil record has been radically affected by theories of continental drift and asteroid impacts; the way we classify organisms has been influenced by the development of cladistics. Perhaps the most dramatic revolution has been the explosion in molecular biology of information about the genome. Aiming to capture the excitement of modern evolutionary biology, six prominent scientists here explore important issues and problems in their areas of specialization and identify the most promising directions of future research. The scope of this volume ranges from macroevolutionary patterns in the Precambrian to molecular evolution of the genome. Major themes include the origin and maintenance of variation and the causes of evolutionary change. Chapters on paleontology, ecology, behavior, development, and cell and molecular biology are contributed by Jim Valentine, Graham Bell, Mary Jane West Eberhard, Leo Buss, Marc Kirschner, and Marty Kreitman. The book contains an introductory chapter by John Bonner, whose seminal work is honored here. Originally published in 1992. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Book Synopsis The Choanoflagellates by : Barry S. C. Leadbeater
Download or read book The Choanoflagellates written by Barry S. C. Leadbeater and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-08 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique account of the biology, ecology and evolution of choanoflagellates - the closest, known, living, unicellular relatives of animals.
Book Synopsis Molecules and Morphology in Evolution by : Colin Patterson
Download or read book Molecules and Morphology in Evolution written by Colin Patterson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-07-09 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at the Third International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology, held at the University of Sussex, 4-11 July 1985.
Book Synopsis The Crucible of Creation by : Simon Conway Morris
Download or read book The Crucible of Creation written by Simon Conway Morris and published by Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paleontologist Simon Conway Morris provides a guided tour of the world's richest treasure trove of fossils--a fantastically rich deposit of bizarre and bewildering Cambrain fossils, located in Western Canada. 4 plates. 90 linecuts.
Book Synopsis Animal Evolution by : Maximilian J. Telford
Download or read book Animal Evolution written by Maximilian J. Telford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describing and understanding the evolution of the diversity of bodyplans is a major goal of evolutionary biology. Taking a modern, integrated approach to this question, a group of leading researchers describe how modern techniques and disciplines have been combined, resulting in a dramatic renaissance in the study of animal evolution.
Book Synopsis Deep Metazoan Phylogeny: The Backbone of the Tree of Life by : J. Wolfgang Wägele
Download or read book Deep Metazoan Phylogeny: The Backbone of the Tree of Life written by J. Wolfgang Wägele and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2014-02-27 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing success of molecular methods has challenged traditional views of animal evolution and a large number of alternative hypotheses are hotly debated today. For the deep metazoan phylogeny project, data sets of hitherto unmatched quality and quantity were compiled and analysed with innovative bioinformatics tools. The book begins at the base of the tree of life to discuss the origin of animals and early branches of the phylogenetic tree. The following section presents special data sets gained from mitochondrial genomes and from morphology, with a focus on nervous systems. The final section is dedicated to theoretical aspects of data analysis and new bioinformatics tools. The book closes with a unique general discussion of all hypotheses contained in previous chapters. This work provides the most comprehensive overview available of the state of the art in this exciting field of evolutionary research.
Book Synopsis Origin and Evolution of Metazoan Cell Types by : Sally Leys
Download or read book Origin and Evolution of Metazoan Cell Types written by Sally Leys and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Evolution in Metazoa by : Eric Fontanillas
Download or read book Molecular Evolution in Metazoa written by Eric Fontanillas and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on variation in rate of molecular evolution in several metazoan clades. Such variation in molecular rates is difficult to directly assess, and the simplifications or misspecifications included in models of molecular evolution could introduce significant problems in phylogenetic methods (including topology reconstruction, rate tests and molecular dating). However, observed associations between molecular rate and biological traits (e.g. body size or diversification rate) could provide an indirect way to understand molecular processes and to evaluate variation in rate of molecular evolution. In Chapter 2, I explore the effects of priors for molecular rate and divergence times specified in a bayesian molecular dating method. The results show that the use of inappropriate priors could have led to underestimated dates of origin for metazoan in previous studies. In Chapter 3, using comparative approaches, I show that body size could be negatively correlated with rate of mitochondrial evolution. This suggests that the potential small size of early metazoans could have been associated with fast molecular rates. Moreover I show in Chapter 4 that the use of too shallow comparisons could not explain why a previous study fails to detect this relationship. In Chapter 5, a comparative study on mammals suggests that fast diversifying clades should undergo slowdown in their tempo of mitochondrial evolution. Several potential explanations for this relationship are discussed in light of recent findings concerning mitochondrial evolution. Body size and net diversification rate may have important influences on the rate of molecular evolution and therefore must be considered in molecular dating studies. However many other variables could interact directly or via confounding effects with molecular rate and deserve further investigations.
Book Synopsis Molecular Evolution by : Roderick D.M. Page
Download or read book Molecular Evolution written by Roderick D.M. Page and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-14 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of evolution at the molecular level has given the subject of evolutionary biology a new significance. Phylogenetic 'trees' of gene sequences are a powerful tool for recovering evolutionary relationships among species, and can be used to answer a broad range of evolutionary and ecological questions. They are also beginning to permeate the medical sciences. In this book, the authors approach the study of molecular evolution with the phylogenetic tree as a central metaphor. This will equip students and professionals with the ability to see both the evolutionary relevance of molecular data, and the significance evolutionary theory has for molecular studies. The book is accessible yet sufficiently detailed and explicit so that the student can learn the mechanics of the procedures discussed. The book is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in molecular evolution/phylogenetic reconstruction. It will also be a useful supplement for students taking wider courses in evolution, as well as a valuable resource for professionals. First student textbook of phylogenetic reconstruction which uses the tree as a central metaphor of evolution. Chapter summaries and annotated suggestions for further reading. Worked examples facilitate understanding of some of the more complex issues. Emphasis on clarity and accessibility.
Book Synopsis Morphology, Molecules, Evolution and Phylogeny in Polychaeta and Related Taxa by : Universität Osnabrück
Download or read book Morphology, Molecules, Evolution and Phylogeny in Polychaeta and Related Taxa written by Universität Osnabrück and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, evidence has been accumulated which shows that some of the groups formerly regarded as independent "phyla" such as Pogonophora (now recognized as Siboglinidae), Echiura, Myzostomida and perhaps Sipuncula, are most probably nothing else than greatly modified Annelida. The extreme morphological diversity found especially in Polychaeta displays the plasticity of a simple segmented organisation that basically is nothing else but a serial repetition of identical units. Thus, annelids are highly important to our understanding of fundamental questions about morphological and adaptive diversity, as well as clarifying evolutionary changes and phylogenetic relationships. The book aims to summarize our knowledge on Polychaetes polychaetes and their allies and gives an overview of recent advances gained by studies that employed conventional and modern methods plus, increasingly and importantly, the use of molecular markers and computer-assisted kinship analyses. It also reflects the state of art in polychaete sciences and presents new questions and controversies. As such it will significantly influence the direction of research on Polychaeta and their related taxa.
Book Synopsis Environmental Epigenetics by : L. Joseph Su
Download or read book Environmental Epigenetics written by L. Joseph Su and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the toxicological and health implications of environmental epigenetics and provides knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach. Included in this volume are chapters outlining various environmental risk factors such as phthalates and dietary components, life states such as pregnancy and ageing, hormonal and metabolic considerations and specific disease risks such as cancer cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses.
Book Synopsis Molecular Phylogenetics of the Metazoan Clade Lophotrochozoa by : Yale J. Passamaneck
Download or read book Molecular Phylogenetics of the Metazoan Clade Lophotrochozoa written by Yale J. Passamaneck and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to investigate evolutionary relationships between taxa within the metazoan clade Lophotrochozoa. Chapter 1 presents an introduction to phylogenetics of the Metazoa and the clade Lophotrochozoa. Chapter 2 analyzes relationships between the major groups within the phylum Mollusca using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal large-subunit RNA gene (LSU rDNA). Results presented provide the first molecular evidence for a close relationship between the Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda. Chapter 3 utilizes LSU rDNA sequences to analyze relationships between phyla within the clade Lophotrochozoa. LSU rDNA sequences provided greater resolution than have previous analyses of the nuclear small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA). Analysis of LSU rDNA sequences recovered the monophyly of several phyla, such as Mollusca and Annelida, whose members are found to be paraphyletic using SSU rDNA sequences alone. Results also suggest that the clade Platyzoa may have arisen within the Lophotrochozoa. Chapter 4 investigates the Hox gene complement of the bryozoan Bugula turrita. Six Hox genes were recovered, including an ortholog of the posterior class gene Post2, which is a synapomorphy for the Lophotrochozoa. The identification of a Post2 ortholog provides evidence of a close relationship between the Bryozoa and other lophotrochozoan phyla.
Book Synopsis Systematics and Evolution by : David J. McLaughlin
Download or read book Systematics and Evolution written by David J. McLaughlin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycology, the study of fungi, originated as a subdiscipline of botany and was a des criptive discipline, largely neglected as an experimental science until the early years of this century. A seminal paper by Blakeslee in 1904 provided evidence for self incompatibility, termed "heterothallism", and stimulated interest in studies related to the control of sexual reproduction in fungi by mating-type specificities. Soon to follow was the demonstration that sexually reproducing fungi exhibit Mendelian inheritance and that it was possible to conduct formal genetic analysis with fungi. The names Burgetf, Kniep and Lindegren are all associated with this early period of fungal genet ics research. These studies and the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1945, provided further impetus for experimental research with fungi. Thus began a period of interest in mutation induction and analysis of mutants for biochemical traits. Such fundamental research, conducted largely with Neurospora crassa, led to the one gene: one enzyme hypothesis and to a second Nobel Prize for fungal research awarded to Beadle and Tatum in 1958. Fundamental research in biochemical genetics was extended to other fungi, especially to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and by the mid-1960s fungal systems were much favored for studies in eukaryotic molecular biology and were soon able to compete with bacterial systems in the molecular arena.
Book Synopsis Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution by : J. C. Avise
Download or read book Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution written by J. C. Avise and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular approaches have opened new windows on a host of ecological and evolutionary disciplines, ranging from population genetics and behavioral ecology to conservation biology and systematics. Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution summarizes the multi-faceted discoveries about organisms in nature that have stemmed from analyses of genetic markers provided by polymorphic proteins and DNAs. The first part of the book introduces rationales for the use of molecular markers, provides a history of molecular phylogenetics, and describes a wide variety of laboratory methods and interpretative tools in the field. The second and major portion of the book provides a cornucopia of biological applications for molecular markers, organized along a scale from micro-evolutionary topics (such as forensics, parentage, kinship, population structure, and intra-specific phylogeny) to macro-evolutionary themes (including species relationships and the deeper phylogenetic structure in the tree of life). Unlike most prior books in molecular evolution, the focus is on organismal natural history and evolution, with the macromolecules being the means rather than the ends of scientific inquiry. Written as an intellectual stimulus for the advanced undergraduate, graduate student, or the practicing biologist desiring a wellspring of research ideas at the interface of molecular and organismal biology, this book presents material in a manner that is both technically straightforward, yet rich with concepts and with empirical examples from the world of nature.
Book Synopsis Marine Genetics by : Antonio M. Solé-Cava
Download or read book Marine Genetics written by Antonio M. Solé-Cava and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our current knowledge of marine organisms and the factors affecting their ecology, distribution and evolution has been revolutionised by the use, in the last 20 years, of molecular population genetics tools. This book is the result of a meeting of world-leading experts, in Rio de Janeiro, where the state of the art of this field was reviewed. Topics covered include the molecular analysis of bio-invasions, the recent developments in marine biotechnology, the factors affecting levels of genetic variation and population structure in marine organisms and their application to conservation biology, fisheries and aquaculture. This is the first book dedicated to the genetic study of marine organisms. It will be very useful to biology students, scientists and anyone working or simply interested in areas such as marine biology, zoology, ecology, and population and molecular genetics.
