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Minimal Rationality
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Book Synopsis Minimal Rationality by : Christopher Cherniak
Download or read book Minimal Rationality written by Christopher Cherniak and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1990-03-14 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Minimal Rationality, Christopher Cherniak boldly challenges the myth of Man the the Rational Animal and the central role that the "perfectly rational agent" has had in philosophy, psychology, and other cognitive sciences, as well as in economics. His book presents a more realistic theory based on the limits to rationality which can play a similar generative role in the human sciences, and it seeks to determine the minimal rationality an actual agent must possess.
Book Synopsis Rationality and Religious Commitment by : Robert Audi
Download or read book Rationality and Religious Commitment written by Robert Audi and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rationality and Religious Commitment shows how religious commitment can be rational and describes the place of faith in the postmodern world. It portrays religious commitment as far more than accepting doctrines—it is viewed as a kind of life, not just as an embrace of tenets. Faith is conceived as a unique attitude. It is irreducible to belief but closely connected with both belief and conduct, and intimately related to life's moral, political, and aesthetic dimensions. Part One presents an account of rationality as a status attainable by mature religious people—even those with a strongly scientific habit of mind. Part Two describes what it means to have faith, how faith is connected with attitudes, emotions, and conduct, and how religious experience may support it. Part Three turns to religious commitment and moral obligation and to the relation between religion and politics. It shows how ethics and religion can be mutually supportive even though ethics provides standards of conduct independently of theology. It also depicts the integrated life possible for the religiously committed—a life with rewarding interactions between faith and reason, religion and science, and the aesthetic and the spiritual. The book concludes with two major accounts. One explains how moral wrongs and natural disasters are possible under God conceived as having the knowledge, power, and goodness that make such evils so difficult to understand. The other account explores the nature of persons, human and divine, and yields a conception that can sustain a rational theistic worldview even in the contemporary scientific age.
Book Synopsis Minimal Theologies by : Hent de Vries
Download or read book Minimal Theologies written by Hent de Vries and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2005-02-25 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Book Synopsis Rationality and Explanation in Economics by : Maurice Lagueux
Download or read book Rationality and Explanation in Economics written by Maurice Lagueux and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-02-28 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economical questions indisputably occupy a central place in everyday life. In order to clarify these questions, people generally turn to those who are familiar with economics. In answering such legitimate questions, economists propose explanations which rest on a few principles among which the rationality principle is by far the most fundamental. This principle assumes that people are rational, but what is meant by this has to be specified. Rationality and Explanation in Economics claims that only a minimal kind of rationality is required to ‘animate’ economic explanations. However, such a conception of rationality faces serious objections: it is closely associated with harshly criticised methodological individualism and it is not easily disentangled from sheer irrationality. The book answers these objections and shows that the economists’ way of mobilising the concepts of maximization or of consistency for defining rationality raises more serious problems. Since the latter have encouraged various attempts to downgrade or even to dispense with the very notion of rationality, the book is largely devoted to countering arguments associated with these attempts and to show why postulating that agents are rational is still the only efficient way to explain economic phenomena as such. The author also proposes original views about the role of rationality, the meaning of methodological individualism, the relevance of the selection argument and the relation between ‘rational’ explanations of economics and explanations in natural sciences.
Download or read book The Rule of Law written by Ian Shapiro and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 1995-07-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the sprawling remnants of the Soviet empire to the southern tip of Africa, attempts are underway to replace arbitrary political regimes with governments constrained by the rule of law. This ideal which subordinates the wills of individuals, social movements--and even, sometimes, democratically elected majorities--to the requirements of law, is here explored by leading legal and political thinkers. Part I of The Rule of Law examines the interplay of democracy and the rule of law, while Part II focusses on the centuries-old debate about the meaning of the rule of law itself. Part III takes up the constraints that rationality exercises on the rule of law. If the rule of law is desirable partly because it is rational, then departures from that rule might also be desirable in the event that they can be shown to be rational. Part IV concentrates on the limits of the rule of law, considering the tensions between liberalism and the rule of law which exist despite the fact that reasoned commitment to the rule of the law is preeminently a liberal commitment. Contributing to the volume are: Robert A. Burt (Yale University), Steven J. Burton (University of Iowa), William N. Eskridge, Jr. (Georgetown University), John Ferejohn (Stanford University), Richard Flathman (Johns Hopkins University), Gerald F. Gaus (University of Minnesota, Duluth), Jean Hampton (University of Arizona), Russell Hardin (University of Chicago), James Johnson (University of Rochester), Jack Knight (Washington University), Stephen Macedo (Harvard University), David Schmidtz (Yale University), Lawrence B. Solum (Loyola Marymount University), Michael Walzer (Princeton University), Catherine Valcke (University of Toronto), and Michael P. Zuckert (Carleton College).
Book Synopsis Interpretation and Explanation in the Human Sciences by : David K. Henderson
Download or read book Interpretation and Explanation in the Human Sciences written by David K. Henderson and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Henderson examines the foundations of an analytic social science approach to develop a well-integrated account of the human sciences, focusing on the pivotal notions of interpretation and explanation. The author acknowledges the importance of interpretive understanding in the human sciences, and proposes a methodology that reflects both interpretive practice as well as scientific methodology. He refutes the methodological separatists who hold that the logic of explanation and testing in the human sciences is fundamentally different from that of the natural sciences, and examines in detail the constraints on interpretation. In providing an integrated treatment of these two central issues in social science, Henderson offers a thorough analysis of the adequacy of interpretation and the nature of explanation in the human sciences.
Book Synopsis Agent-Based Modeling by : Norman Ehrentreich
Download or read book Agent-Based Modeling written by Norman Ehrentreich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-25 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reconciles the existence of technical trading with the Efficient Market Hypothesis. By analyzing a well-known agent-based model, the Santa Fe Institute Artificial Stock Market (SFI-ASM), it finds that when selective forces are weak, financial evolution cannot guarantee that only the fittest trading rules will survive. Its main contribution lies in the application of standard results from population genetics which have widely been neglected in the agent-based community.
Download or read book The Magic of Truth written by Farah Dally and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2014-11-10 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions of truth have occupied philosophers, scientists, and theologians throughout human history. What is truth? Does it exist? How do we define truth? Who determines what is true and what is not? The Magic of Truth defends the relativity of truth by examining its role in literature, the arts, and science, as well as in our own lives and traditions. The product of intensive research on the idea of truth and the secret meaning it holds, Farah Dally argues that no field of study can progress without calling into question the traditional view of truth as a clear, objective image.
Book Synopsis The Rationality of Emotion by : Ronald De Sousa
Download or read book The Rationality of Emotion written by Ronald De Sousa and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1990-03-14 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this urbane and witty book, Ronald de Sousa disputes the widespread notion that reason and emotion are natural antagonists. He argues that emotions are a kind of perception, that their roots in the paradigm scenarios in which they are learned give them an essentially dramatic structure, and that they have a crucial role to-play in rational beliefs, desires, and decisions by breaking the deadlocks of pure reason.The book's twelve chapters take up the following topics: alternative models of mind and emotion; the relation between evolutionary, physiological, and social factors in emotions; a taxonomy of objects of emotions; assessments of emotions for correctness and rationality; the regulation by emotions of logical and practical reasoning; emotion and time; the mechanism of emotional self-deception; the ethics of laughter; and the roles of emotions in the conduct of life. There is also an illustrative interlude, in the form of a lively dialogue about the ideology of love, jealousy, and sexual exclusiveness. A Bradford Book.
Download or read book Rational Belief written by Robert Audi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-03 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rational Belief provides conceptions of belief and knowledge, offers a theory of how they are grounded, and connects them with the will and thereby with action, moral responsibility, and intellectual virtue. A unifying element is a commitment to representing epistemology-which is centrally concerned with belief-as integrated with a plausible philosophy of mind that does justice both to the nature of belief and to the conditions for its formation and regulation. Part One centers on belief and its relation to the will. It explores our control of our beliefs, and it describes several forms belief may take and shows how beliefs are connected with the world outside the mind. Part Two concerns normative aspects of epistemology, explores the nature of intellectual virtue, and presents a theory of moral perception. The book also offers a theory of the grounds of both justification and knowledge and shows how these grounds bear on the self-evident. Rationality is distinguished from justification; each clarified in relation to the other; and the epistemological importance of the phenomenal-for instance, of intuitional experience and other "private" aspects of mental life-is explored. The final section addresses social epistemology. It offers a theory of testimony as essential in human knowledge and a related account of the rational resolution of disagreements.
Book Synopsis The Fragmented Mind by : Cristina Borgoni
Download or read book The Fragmented Mind written by Cristina Borgoni and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis of mental fragmentation has recently attracted increased attention as a way of explaining facts about mind and language. This volume provides an accessible introduction and essays on foundations and applications of fragmentation.
Book Synopsis Belief Revision meets Philosophy of Science by : Erik J Olsson
Download or read book Belief Revision meets Philosophy of Science written by Erik J Olsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belief revision theory and philosophy of science both aspire to shed light on the dynamics of knowledge – on how our view of the world changes (typically) in the light of new evidence. Yet these two areas of research have long seemed strangely detached from each other, as witnessed by the small number of cross-references and researchers working in both domains. One may speculate as to what has brought about this surprising, and perhaps unfortunate, state of affairs. One factor may be that while belief revision theory has traditionally been pursued in a bottom- up manner, focusing on the endeavors of single inquirers, philosophers of science, inspired by logical empiricism, have tended to be more interested in science as a multi-agent or agent-independent phenomenon.
Book Synopsis Aspects of Rationality by : Raymond S. Nickerson
Download or read book Aspects of Rationality written by Raymond S. Nickerson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2007-11-19 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does it mean to be rational to reason well and effectively? How does rationality, broadly conceived, relate to the knowledge one acquires, the beliefs one forms, the explanations one constructs or appropriates, the judgments and decisions one makes, the values one adopts? What is the character of human reasoning and, in particular, does it t
Book Synopsis Consciousness and Mind by : David M. Rosenthal
Download or read book Consciousness and Mind written by David M. Rosenthal and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers together the work of David Rosenthal on the philosophical study of consciousness from the past 20 years and represents his theory of consciousness as higher-order thought. An introduction draws out the connections between the essays and highlights their implications.
Book Synopsis Guilty Robots, Happy Dogs by : David McFarland
Download or read book Guilty Robots, Happy Dogs written by David McFarland and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do animals have thoughts and feelings? Could robots have minds like our own? Can we ever know, or will the answer be forever out of our reach? David McFarland explores the answers to these questions, drawing not only on the philosophy of mind, but also on developments in artificial intelligence, robots, and the science of animal behaviour.
Download or read book Truth or Consequences written by M. Dunn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this collection are written by students, colleagues, and friends of Nuel Belnap to honor him on his sixtieth birthday. Our original plan was to include pieces from fonner students only, but we have deviated from this ever so slightly for a variety of personal and practical reasons. Belnap's research accomplishments are numerous and well known: He has founded (together with Alan Ross Anderson) a whole branch of logic known as "relevance logic." He has made contributions of fundamental importance to the logic of questions. His work in modal logic, fonnal pragmatics, and the theory of truth has been highly influential. And the list goes on. Belnap's accomplishments as a teacher are also distinguished and well known but, by virtue of the essential privacy of the teaching relationship, not so well understood. We would like to reflect a little on what makes him such an outstanding teacher.
Book Synopsis Animal Ethics and the Autonomous Animal Self by : Natalie Thomas
Download or read book Animal Ethics and the Autonomous Animal Self written by Natalie Thomas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-26 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a radical and intuitive argument against the notion that intentional action, agency and autonomy are features belonging only to humans. Using evidence from research into the minds of non-human animals, it explores the ways in which animals can be understood as individuals who are aware of themselves, and the consequent basis of our moral obligations towards them. The first part of this book argues for a conception of agency in animals that admits to degrees among individuals and across species. It explores self-awareness and its various levels of complexity which depend on an animals’ other mental capacities. The author offers an overview of some established theories in animal ethics including those of Peter Singer, Tom Regan, Bernard Rollin and Lori Gruen, and the ways these theories serve to extend moral consideration towards animals based on various capacities that both animals and humans have in common. The book concludes by challenging traditional Kantian notions of rationality and what it means to be an autonomous individual, and discussing the problems that still remain in the study of animal ethics.
