Belief Revision Meets Philosophy Of Science

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Belief Revision meets Philosophy of Science

Author : Erik J Olsson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048196094
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Belief Revision meets Philosophy of Science by : Erik J Olsson

Download or read book Belief Revision meets Philosophy of Science written by Erik J Olsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belief revision theory and philosophy of science both aspire to shed light on the dynamics of knowledge – on how our view of the world changes (typically) in the light of new evidence. Yet these two areas of research have long seemed strangely detached from each other, as witnessed by the small number of cross-references and researchers working in both domains. One may speculate as to what has brought about this surprising, and perhaps unfortunate, state of affairs. One factor may be that while belief revision theory has traditionally been pursued in a bottom- up manner, focusing on the endeavors of single inquirers, philosophers of science, inspired by logical empiricism, have tended to be more interested in science as a multi-agent or agent-independent phenomenon.

Belief Revision meets Philosophy of Science

Author : Erik Olsson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789048196081
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Belief Revision meets Philosophy of Science by : Erik Olsson

Download or read book Belief Revision meets Philosophy of Science written by Erik Olsson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-03 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belief revision theory and philosophy of science both aspire to shed light on the dynamics of knowledge – on how our view of the world changes (typically) in the light of new evidence. Yet these two areas of research have long seemed strangely detached from each other, as witnessed by the small number of cross-references and researchers working in both domains. One may speculate as to what has brought about this surprising, and perhaps unfortunate, state of affairs. One factor may be that while belief revision theory has traditionally been pursued in a bottom- up manner, focusing on the endeavors of single inquirers, philosophers of science, inspired by logical empiricism, have tended to be more interested in science as a multi-agent or agent-independent phenomenon.

Descriptor Revision

Author : Sven Ove Hansson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319530615
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Descriptor Revision by : Sven Ove Hansson

Download or read book Descriptor Revision written by Sven Ove Hansson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-26 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a critical examination of how the choice of what to believe is represented in the standard model of belief change. In particular the use of possible worlds and infinite remainders as objects of choice is critically examined. Descriptors are introduced as a versatile tool for expressing the success conditions of belief change, addressing both local and global descriptor revision. The book presents dynamic descriptors such as Ramsey descriptors that convey how an agent’s beliefs tend to be changed in response to different inputs. It also explores sentential revision and demonstrates how local and global operations of revision by a sentence can be derived as a special case of descriptor revision. Lastly, the book examines revocation, a generalization of contraction in which a specified sentence is removed in a process that may possibly also involve the addition of some new information to the belief set.

Philosophy of Chemistry

Author : Eric Scerri
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401793646
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy of Chemistry by : Eric Scerri

Download or read book Philosophy of Chemistry written by Eric Scerri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-11 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume follows the successful book, which has helped to introduce and spread the Philosophy of Chemistry to a wider audience of philosophers, historians, science educators as well as chemists, physicists and biologists. The introduction summarizes the way in which the field has developed in the ten years since the previous volume was conceived and introduces several new authors who did not contribute to the first edition. The editors are well placed to assemble this book, as they are the editor in chief and deputy editors of the leading academic journal in the field, Foundations of Chemistry. The philosophy of chemistry remains a somewhat neglected field, unlike the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of biology. Why there has been little philosophical attention to the central discipline of chemistry among the three natural sciences is a theme that is explored by several of the contributors. This volume will do a great deal to redress this imbalance. Among the themes covered is the question of reduction of chemistry to physics, the reduction of biology to chemistry, whether true chemical laws exist and causality in chemistry. In addition more general questions of the nature of organic chemistry, biochemistry and chemical synthesis are examined by specialist in these areas.

The Laws of Belief

Author : Wolfgang Spohn
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191629278
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Laws of Belief by : Wolfgang Spohn

Download or read book The Laws of Belief written by Wolfgang Spohn and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wolfgang Spohn presents the first full account of the dynamic laws of belief, by means of ranking theory. This book is his long-awaited presentation of ranking theory and its ramifications. He motivates and introduces the basic notion of a ranking function, which recognises degrees of belief and at the same time accounts for belief simpliciter. He provides a measurement theory for ranking functions, accounts for auto-epistemology in ranking-theoretic terms, and explicates the basic notion of a (deductive or non-deductive) reason. The rich philosophical applications of Spohn's theory include: a new account of lawlikeness, an account of ceteris paribus laws, a new perspective on dispositions, a rich and detailed theory of deterministic causation, an understanding of natural modalities as an objectification of epistemic modalities, an account of the experiential basis of belief—and thus a restructuring of the debate on foundationalism and coherentism (and externalism and contextualism)—and, finally, a revival of fundamental a priori principles of reason fathoming the basics of empiricism and the relation between reason and truth, and concluding in a proof of a weak principle of causality. All this is accompanied by thorough comparative discussions, on a general level as well as within each topic, and in particular with respect to probability theory.

Scientific Collaboration and Collective Knowledge

Author : Thomas Boyer-Kassem
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190680539
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Collaboration and Collective Knowledge by : Thomas Boyer-Kassem

Download or read book Scientific Collaboration and Collective Knowledge written by Thomas Boyer-Kassem and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current scientific research almost always requires collaboration among several (if not several hundred) specialized researchers. When scientists co-author a journal article, who deserves credit for discoveries or blame for errors? How should scientific institutions promote fruitful collaborations among scientists? In this work, leading philosophers of science address these critical questions

Truth-Seeking by Abduction

Author : Ilkka Niiniluoto
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319991574
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Truth-Seeking by Abduction by : Ilkka Niiniluoto

Download or read book Truth-Seeking by Abduction written by Ilkka Niiniluoto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the philosophical conception of abductive reasoning as developed by Charles S. Peirce, the founder of American pragmatism. It explores the historical and systematic connections of Peirce's original ideas and debates about their interpretations. Abduction is understood in a broad sense which covers the discovery and pursuit of hypotheses and inference to the best explanation. The analysis presents fresh insights into this notion of reasoning, which derives from effects to causes or from surprising observations to explanatory theories. The author outlines some logical and AI approaches to abduction as well as studies various kinds of inverse problems in astronomy, physics, medicine, biology, and human sciences to provide examples of retroductions and abductions. The discussion covers also everyday examples with the implication of this notion in detective stories, one of Peirce’s own favorite themes. The author uses Bayesian probabilities to argue that explanatory abduction is a method of confirmation. He uses his own account of truth approximation to reformulate abduction as inference which leads to the truthlikeness of its conclusion. This allows a powerful abductive defense of scientific realism. This up-to-date survey and defense of the Peircean view of abduction may very well help researchers, students, and philosophers better understand the logic of truth-seeking.

Introduction to Formal Philosophy

Author : Sven Ove Hansson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319774344
Total Pages : 733 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Formal Philosophy by : Sven Ove Hansson

Download or read book Introduction to Formal Philosophy written by Sven Ove Hansson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 733 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Undergraduate Textbook introduces key methods and examines the major areas of philosophy in which formal methods play pivotal roles. Coverage begins with a thorough introduction to formalization and to the advantages and pitfalls of formal methods in philosophy. The ensuing chapters show how to use formal methods in a wide range of areas. Throughout, the contributors clarify the relationships and interdependencies between formal and informal notions and constructions. Their main focus is to show how formal treatments of philosophical problems may help us understand them better. Formal methods can be used to solve problems but also to express new philosophical problems that would never have seen the light of day without the expressive power of the formal apparatus. Formal philosophy merges work in different areas of philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, computer science, linguistics, physics, psychology, biology, economics, political theory, and sociology. This title offers an accessible introduction to this new interdisciplinary research area to a wide academic audience.

Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology

Author : Lorenzo Magnani
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319389831
Total Pages : 678 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology by : Lorenzo Magnani

Download or read book Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology written by Lorenzo Magnani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses how scientific and other types of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important or creative changes in theories and concepts. It includes revised contributions presented during the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR’015), held on June 25-27 in Sestri Levante, Italy. The book is divided into three main parts, the first of which focuses on models, reasoning and representation. It highlights key theoretical concepts from an applied perspective, addressing issues concerning information visualization, experimental methods and design. The second part goes a step further, examining abduction, problem solving and reasoning. The respective contributions analyze different types of reasoning, discussing various concepts of inference and creativity and their relationship with experimental data. In turn, the third part reports on a number of historical, epistemological and technological issues. By analyzing possible contradictions in modern research and describing representative case studies in experimental research, this part aims at fostering new discussions and stimulating new ideas. All in all, the book provides researchers and graduate students in the field of applied philosophy, epistemology, cognitive science and artificial intelligence alike with an authoritative snapshot of current theories and applications of model-based reasoning.

David Makinson on Classical Methods for Non-Classical Problems

Author : Sven Ove Hansson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400777590
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis David Makinson on Classical Methods for Non-Classical Problems by : Sven Ove Hansson

Download or read book David Makinson on Classical Methods for Non-Classical Problems written by Sven Ove Hansson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume analyses and develops David Makinson’s efforts to make classical logic useful outside its most obvious application areas. The book contains chapters that analyse, appraise, or reshape Makinson’s work and chapters that develop themes emerging from his contributions. These are grouped into major areas to which Makinsons has made highly influential contributions and the volume in its entirety is divided into four sections, each devoted to a particular area of logic: belief change, uncertain reasoning, normative systems and the resources of classical logic. Among the contributions included in the volume, one chapter focuses on the “inferential preferential method”, i.e. the combined use of classical logic and mechanisms of preference and choice and provides examples from Makinson’s work in non-monotonic and defeasible reasoning and belief revision. One chapter offers a short autobiography by Makinson which details his discovery of modern logic, his travels across continents and reveals his intellectual encounters and inspirations. The chapter also contains an unusually explicit statement on his views on the (limited but important) role of logic in philosophy.

The Tapestry of Reason

Author : Amalia Amaya
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782255168
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tapestry of Reason by : Amalia Amaya

Download or read book The Tapestry of Reason written by Amalia Amaya and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years coherence theories of law and adjudication have been extremely influential in legal scholarship. These theories significantly advance the case for coherentism in law. Nonetheless, there remain a number of problems in the coherence theory in law. This ambitious new work makes the first concerted attempt to develop a coherence-based theory of legal reasoning, and in so doing addresses, or at least mitigates these problems. The book is organized in three parts. The first part provides a critical analysis of the main coherentist approaches to both normative and factual reasoning in law. The second part investigates the coherence theory in a number of fields that are relevant to law: coherence theories of epistemic justification, coherentist approaches to belief revision and theory-choice in science, coherence theories of practical and moral reasoning and coherence-based approaches to discourse interpretation. Taking this interdisciplinary analysis as a starting point, the third part develops a coherence-based model of legal reasoning. While this model builds upon the standard theory of legal reasoning, it also leads to rethinking some of the basic assumptions that characterize this theory, and suggests some lines along which it may be further developed. Thus, ultimately, the book not only improves upon the current state of coherence theory in law, but also contributes to the larger debate about how to articulate a theory of legal reasoning that results in better decision-making.

Epistemology, Context, and Formalism

Author : Franck Lihoreau
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3319029436
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemology, Context, and Formalism by : Franck Lihoreau

Download or read book Epistemology, Context, and Formalism written by Franck Lihoreau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-17 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of the present volume is to advance our understanding of the notions of knowledge and context, the connections between them and the ways in which they can be modeled, in particular formalized – a question of prime importance and utmost relevance to such diverse disciplines as philosophy, linguistics, computer science and artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Bringing together essays written by world-leading experts and emerging researchers in epistemology, logic, philosophy of language, linguistics and theoretical computer science, the book examines the formal modeling of knowledge and the knowledge-context link at one or more of three intersections - context and epistemology, epistemology and formalism, formalism and context – and presents a novel range of approaches to the current discussions that the connections between knowledge, language, action, reasoning and context continually enlivens. It develops powerful ideas that will push the relevant fields forward and give a sense of the new directions in which mainstream and formal research on knowledge and context is heading.

Ceteris Paribus in Conservative Belief Revision

Author : Frank Zenker
Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9783631572832
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Ceteris Paribus in Conservative Belief Revision by : Frank Zenker

Download or read book Ceteris Paribus in Conservative Belief Revision written by Frank Zenker and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work contrasts conservative or minimally mutilating revisions of empirical theories as they are identified in the presently dominant AGM model of formal belief revision and the structuralist program for the reconstruction of empirical theories. The aim is to make understandable why both approaches only partly succeed in substantially informing and formally restraining the issue. With respect to the rationality of minimal change, the overall result is negative. Readers with an interest in formal epistemology are provided with application cases (mercury anomaly, revision of early thermo-dynamics, introduction of the neutrino), the historically inclined reader is offered a systematic perspective. The discussion can largely be followed without a background in formal logic.

Readings in Formal Epistemology

Author : Horacio Arló-Costa
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319204513
Total Pages : 937 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Readings in Formal Epistemology by : Horacio Arló-Costa

Download or read book Readings in Formal Epistemology written by Horacio Arló-Costa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 937 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents 38 classic texts in formal epistemology, and strengthens the ties between research into this area of philosophy and its neighbouring intellectual disciplines. The editors provide introductions to five subsections: Bayesian Epistemology, Belief Change, Decision Theory, Interactive Epistemology and Epistemic Logic. 'Formal epistemology' is a term coined in the late 1990s for a new constellation of interests in philosophy, the origins of which are found in earlier works of epistemologists, philosophers of science and logicians. It addresses a growing agenda of problems concerning knowledge, belief, certainty, rationality, deliberation, decision, strategy, action and agent interaction – and it does so using methods from logic, probability, computability, decision and game theory. The volume also includes a thorough index and suggestions for further reading, and thus offers a complete teaching and research package for students as well as research scholars of formal epistemology, philosophy, logic, computer science, theoretical economics and cognitive psychology.

Natural Philosophy

Author : Paul Thagard
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019068643X
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Philosophy by : Paul Thagard

Download or read book Natural Philosophy written by Paul Thagard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paul Thagard uses new accounts of brain mechanisms and social interactions to forge theories of mind, knowledge, reality, morality, justice, meaning, and the arts. Natural Philosophy brings new methods for analyzing concepts, understanding values, and achieving coherence. It shows how to unify the humanities with the cognitive and social sciences. How can people know what is real and strive to make the world better? Philosophy is the attempt to answer general questions about the nature of knowledge, reality, and values. Natural Philosophy pursues these questions by drawing heavily on the sciences and finds no room for supernatural entities such as souls, gods, and possible worlds. It provides original accounts of the traditional branches of philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics. Rather than reducing the humanities to the sciences, this book displays fertile interconnections that show that philosophical questions and artistic practices can be much better understood by considering how human brains operate and interact in social contexts. The sciences and the humanities are interdependent, because both the natural and social sciences cannot avoid questions about methods and values that are primarily the province of philosophy. This book belongs to a trio that includes Brain-Mind: From Neurons to Consciousness and Creativity and Mind-Society: From Brains to Social Sciences and Professions. They can be read independently, but together they make up a Treatise on Mind and Society that provides a unified and comprehensive treatment of the cognitive sciences, social sciences, professions, and humanities.

The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Memory

Author : Sven Bernecker
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317417771
Total Pages : 590 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Memory by : Sven Bernecker

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Memory written by Sven Bernecker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory occupies a fundamental place in philosophy, playing a central role not only in the history of philosophy but also in philosophy of mind, epistemology, and ethics. Yet the philosophy of memory has only recently emerged as an area of study and research in its own right. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Memory is an outstanding reference source on the key topics, problems, and debates in this exciting area, and is the first philosophical collection of its kind. The forty-eight chapters are written by an international team of contributors, and divided into nine parts: The nature of memory The metaphysics of memory Memory, mind, and meaning Memory and the self Memory and time The social dimension of memory The epistemology of memory Memory and morality History of philosophy of memory. Within these sections, central topics and problems are examined, including: truth, consciousness, imagination, emotion, self-knowledge, narrative, personal identity, time, collective and social memory, internalism and externalism, and the ethics of memory. The final part examines figures in the history of philosophy, including Aristotle, Augustine, Freud, Bergson, Wittgenstein, and Heidegger, as well as perspectives on memory in Indian and Chinese philosophy. Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy, particularly philosophy of mind and psychology, the Handbook will also be of interest to those in related fields, such as psychology and anthropology.

Dynamic Tractable Reasoning

Author : Holger Andreas
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030362337
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamic Tractable Reasoning by : Holger Andreas

Download or read book Dynamic Tractable Reasoning written by Holger Andreas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-27 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to lay bare the logical foundations of tractable reasoning. It draws on Marvin Minsky's seminal work on frames, which has been highly influential in computer science and, to a lesser extent, in cognitive science. Only very few people have explored ideas about frames in logic, which is why the investigation in this book breaks new ground. The apparent intractability of dynamic, inferential reasoning is an unsolved problem in both cognitive science and logic-oriented artificial intelligence. By means of a logical investigation of frames and frame concepts, Andreas devises a novel logic of tractable reasoning, called frame logic. Moreover, he devises a novel belief revision scheme, which is tractable for frame logic. These tractability results shed new light on our logical and cognitive means to carry out dynamic, inferential reasoning. Modularity remains central for tractability, and so the author sets forth a logical variant of the massive modularity hypothesis in cognitive science. This book conducts a sustained and detailed examination of the structure of tractable and intelligible reasoning in cognitive science and artificial intelligence. Working from the perspective of formal epistemology and cognitive science, Andreas uses structuralist notions from Bourbaki and Sneed to provide new foundational analyses of frames, object-oriented programming, belief revision, and truth maintenance. Andreas then builds on these analyses to construct a novel logic of tractable reasoning he calls frame logic, together with a novel belief revision scheme that is tractable for frame logic. Put together, these logical analyses and tractability results provide new understandings of dynamic and inferential reasoning. Jon Doyle, North Carolina State University