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Methodologie Devaluation Hybride Des Interactions Entre La Biodiversite Et Les Systemes Urbains
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Book Synopsis Méthodologie d'évaluation hybride des interactions entre la biodiversité et les systèmes urbains by : Aline Brachet
Download or read book Méthodologie d'évaluation hybride des interactions entre la biodiversité et les systèmes urbains written by Aline Brachet and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Face au 6ème phénomène d'extinction de masse, la préservation de la biodiversité a été placée au même rang que le changement climatique dans les priorités des politiques publiques (par ex. Plan Biodiversité adopté en 2018). À l'instar de la nécessité d'évaluer l'empreinte carbone des projets de construction (par ex. future Réglementation Environnementale pour les bâtiments neufs RE 2020), il apparait aujourd'hui nécessaire de se munir d'outils capables de mesurer l'empreinte biodiversité du cadre bâti. Cinq grandes pressions s'exercent sur la biodiversité : la perte d'habitats, le réchauffement climatique, les pollutions, la surexploitation des ressources et l'introduction d'espèces invasives. Ces pressions s'exercent sur la biodiversité, au niveau local (sur le site d'un projet de construction) et global (planétaire). Qu'elle soit considérée comme ordinaire ou reconnue comme menacée, la biodiversité dans son ensemble est affectée par ces pressions. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif scientifique de la thèse est de développer une méthodologie fiable et robuste d'évaluation des interactions entre les systèmes urbains et la biodiversité. L'objectif opérationnel est d'aboutir à des outils d'aide à la décision, qui permettent d'identifier les scénarios de construction les plus favorables à la biodiversité. Une méthodologie d'évaluation Hybride des Interactions BiOdiversité / système Urbain est proposée (méthodologie d'évaluation HIBOU). Elle est basée sur la synergie entre l'écologie, l'Analyse de Cycle de Vie (ACV) et la data science. Elle permet de prendre en compte les interactions entre les systèmes urbains et la biodiversité in-situ (locale) et ex-situ (globale), ainsi que les cinq pressions qui s'exercent sur la biodiversité. Le jeu d'échelle sous-jacent à la stratégie implique un développement de type gigogne des travaux (composant, bâtiment, parcelle, quartier, territoire). Les principaux développements méthodologiques concernent :- La prise en compte du cycle de vie des végétaux urbains dans l'évaluation : trois bases de données ont été structurées selon les critères nécessaires à la méthode hybride proposée : 1) Végétaux utilisés en ville, 2) Richesse Spécifique Floristique des Habitats en Ile de France, 3) Données environnementales pour les végétaux urbains ;- La prise en compte des spécificités du site d'implantation du projet : un modèle, une base de données et un outil de programmation permettent le calcul d'un indicateur d'utilisation des sols spécifique à l'Ile de France avec près de 900 combinaisons possibles de transformation des sols ;- La compatibilité de la méthode hybride avec les méthodes et outils promus par la réglementation : des modèles de régression linéaire et un outil de programmation permettent le calcul des impacts sur la biodiversité ex-situ à partir des sorties d'un logiciel d'évaluation environnementale conforme à la RE2020 (i.e. ÉLODIE)L'opérationnalité de la méthode pour l'identification des leviers d'action a été testée par application sur un cas d'étude réel, à l'échelle bâtiment, en Ile de France (projet EPA Marne). Des développements pour application de la méthode hybride aux échelles supérieures sont proposés à partir des outils traitant ces échelles comme le BIM/CIM (Building/City Information Modeling) et un logiciel d'évaluation à l'échelle du quartier basé sur la même approche que la RE2020 (i.e. UrbanPrint).
Book Synopsis Manuel d'évaluation de la biodiversité Guide à l'intention des décideurs by : OECD
Download or read book Manuel d'évaluation de la biodiversité Guide à l'intention des décideurs written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2002-03-26 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La biodiversité et les ressources biologiques sont essentielles à l’existence de toute société. Or les décideurs sont de plus en plus conscients que les pressions en faveur du développement se traduisent aujourd’hui par une diminution sans précédent ...
Book Synopsis The Species-Area Relationship by : Thomas J. Matthews
Download or read book The Species-Area Relationship written by Thomas J. Matthews and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive synthesis of a fundamental phenomenon, the species-area relationship, addressing theory, evidence and application.
Book Synopsis Crying Out for Change by : Deepa Narayan-Parker
Download or read book Crying Out for Change written by Deepa Narayan-Parker and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multi-country research initiative to understand poverty from the eyes of the poor, the Voices of the Poor project was undertaken to inform the World Bank's activities and the upcoming World Development Report 2000/01. The research findings are being published in three books: "Can Anyone Hear Us?" gathers the voices of over 40,000 poor women and men in 50 countries from the World Bank's participatory poverty assessments (Deepa Narayan, Raj Patel, Kai Schafft, Anne Rademacher, and Sarah Koch-Schulte, authors). "Crying Out for Change" pulls together new field work conducted in 1999 in 23 countries (Deepa Narayan, Robert Chambers, Meera Shah, and Patti Petesch, authors). "From Many Lands" offers regional patterns and country case-studies (Deepa Narayan and Patti Petesch, editors). Voices of the Poor marks the first time such an exercise has been undertaken in so many developing countries and transition economies around the world. It provides a unique and detailed picture of the life of the poor and explains the constraints poor people face to escape from poverty in a way that more traditional survey techniques do not capture well. Each of the three volumes demonstrates the importance of voice and power in poor people's definition of poverty. Voices of the Poor concludes that we need to expand our conventional views of poverty which focus on income expenditure, education, and health to include measures of voice and empowerment.
Book Synopsis Perspectives on Biodiversity by : National Research Council
Download or read book Perspectives on Biodiversity written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-10-01 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resource-management decisions, especially in the area of protecting and maintaining biodiversity, are usually incremental, limited in time by the ability to forecast conditions and human needs, and the result of tradeoffs between conservation and other management goals. The individual decisions may not have a major effect but can have a cumulative major effect. Perspectives on Biodiversity reviews current understanding of the value of biodiversity and the methods that are useful in assessing that value in particular circumstances. It recommends and details a list of components-including diversity of species, genetic variability within and among species, distribution of species across the ecosystem, the aesthetic satisfaction derived from diversity, and the duty to preserve and protect biodiversity. The book also recommends that more information about the role of biodiversity in sustaining natural resources be gathered and summarized in ways useful to managers. Acknowledging that decisions about biodiversity are necessarily qualitative and change over time because of the nonmarket nature of so many of the values, the committee recommends periodic reviews of management decisions.
Book Synopsis Biodiversity Offsets by : Wolfgang Wende
Download or read book Biodiversity Offsets written by Wolfgang Wende and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the new concept of biodiversity offsets. The aim of offsetting schemes is to achieve no let loss or even net gain of biodiversity. Offsets obey a mitigation hierarchy and reflect the precautionary and polluter-pays principle in regard to project impacts. Readers gain insights into current debates on biodiversity policies, with top experts outlining theoretical principles and the latest research findings. At the same time the focus is on practical application and case studies. Today there is a lively international discussion among practitioners and scientists on the optimal legal framework, metrics and design of habitat banks to ensure the success of biodiversity offsets and to minimise the risks of failure or misuse. Contributing to the debate, this volume presents the activities and practices of biodiversity offsetting already implemented in Europe in selected EU member states, and the lessons that can be learnt from them. Readers may be surprised at how much experience already exists in these countries. A further aim of the book is to offer grounded insights on the road ahead, and foster a more intensive and fruitful discussion on how offsetting can be extended and improved upon, so that it becomes a key and effective component of Europe’s biodiversity conservation policy framework.
Book Synopsis Innovate Bristol by : Sven Boermeester
Download or read book Innovate Bristol written by Sven Boermeester and published by . This book was released on 2019-12 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovate Bristol highlights and celebrates those companies and individuals that are actively working at building a better tomorrow for all. Innovation Ecosystems thrive through the involvement and support of companies and individuals from all industries, which is why the Innovate series not only focuses on the innovators but also those people whom the Innovation Ecosystem, would not be able to thrive without.
Book Synopsis Disaster risk reduction in school curricula: case studies from thirty countries by :
Download or read book Disaster risk reduction in school curricula: case studies from thirty countries written by and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2012 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Institutional Economics by : Bernard Chavance
Download or read book Institutional Economics written by Bernard Chavance and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-09-02 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introduction to institutional economics, follows the history of the field since the early 20th century until the present day. It concentrates on influential authors in the main schools of institutional economics. Institutional economics is defined as economic thought that considers institutions to be relevant for economic theory, and consequently criticizes the neoclassical mainstream for having pushed them out of the discipline; it deals specially with the nature, the origin, the change of institutions, and their effects on economic performance. It is a family of different theories that were initially influential in economics, then lost much of their weight in the middle half of the 20th century, and eventually recovered significant creative vitality and impact in the last twenty years. The book puts the recent developments in historical perspective by showing how important themes like the importance of habits, the role of formal and informal rules, the relation of organizations and institutions, the hierarchy and complementarity of institutions, the evolutionary character of institutional change, have been explored by various authors or schools.
Book Synopsis Safeguarding Traditional Cultures by : Peter Seitel
Download or read book Safeguarding Traditional Cultures written by Peter Seitel and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings from a conference "A global assessment of the 1989 recommendation on the safeguarding of traditional culture and folklore" held at the Smithsonian Institution June 27-30 1999. The purpose of the conference was to assess the implementation of the Recommendation (an international normative instrument adopted by UNESCO in 1989), to bring together points of view and perspectives on the Recommendaion from around the world, and suggest ways in which the Recommendation might develop in the future so that its purpose, the safeguarding of traditional culture and folklore, might be achieved.
Book Synopsis Urban Agriculture Europe by : Frank Lohrberg
Download or read book Urban Agriculture Europe written by Frank Lohrberg and published by Jovis Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "How can agriculture contribute to the sustainable development of European cities? How can agriculture and horticulture create vital urban spaces that have new social and ecological qualities and are also economically viable? Urban Agriculture Europe is the first comprehensive, transdisciplinary publication about urban agriculture in Europe. Apart from well-known examples of urban food gardens in Western European metropolises, this volume also studies innovative forms of periurban agriculture, bringing in experiences in Eastern and Southern Europe. The contributions approach urban agriculture from the point of view of social science, the economy, agricultural ecology, and spatial planning and address the role of citizens, involved parties, and politics, as well as operational models and planning tools. Case studies from Barcelona, Dublin, Geneva, Milan, Sofia, Warsaw, and the Ruhr Metropolis allow a comparative view of European practice. Statements from involved parties and guidance for cities and regions round off the publication."--Page 4 of cover.
Book Synopsis Energy Systems Evaluation (Volume 1) by : Jingzheng Ren
Download or read book Energy Systems Evaluation (Volume 1) written by Jingzheng Ren and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents various methods for sustainability assessment of energy systems, under various different conditions and scenarios. It answers the questions of how to measure the sustainability of energy systems by adopting appropriate metrics and methods. This book provides readers with a comprehensive view of the frontiers of sustainability assessment methods for energy system analysis. It presents various methodologies, allowing readers to understand: the complete metrics for sustainability assessment; life cycle thinking for sustainability assessment of energy systems; and the advanced sustainability assessment methods for energy systems. This book is of interest to researchers, engineers, decision makers, and postgraduate students within the field of energy systems, sustainability, and decision analysis.
Book Synopsis Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (Open Access) by : Olivier Jolliet
Download or read book Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (Open Access) written by Olivier Jolliet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment is a pivotal guide to identifying environmental problems and reducing related impacts for companies and organizations in need of life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA, a unique sustainability tool, provides a framework that addresses a growing demand for practical technological solutions. Detailing each phase of the LCA methodology, this textbook covers the historical development of LCA, presents the general principles and characteristics of LCA, and outlines the corresponding standards for good practice determined by the International Organization for Standardization. It also explains how to identify the critical aspects of an LCA, provides detailed examples of LCA analysis and applications, and includes illustrated problems and solutions with concrete examples from water management, electronics, packaging, automotive, and other industries. In addition, readers will learn how to: Use consistent criteria to realize and evaluate an LCA independently of individual interests Understand the LCA methodology and become familiar with existing databases and methods based on the latest results of international research Analyze and critique a completed LCA Apply LCA methodology to simple case studies Geared toward graduate and undergraduate students studying environmental science and industrial ecology, as well as practicing environmental engineers, and sustainability professionals who want to teach themselves LCA good practices, Environmental Life Cycle Assessment demonstrates how to conduct environmental assessments for products throughout their life cycles. It presents existing methods and recent developments in the growing field of LCA and systematically covers goal and system definition, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment, and interpretation.
Download or read book Birthright written by Stephen R. Kellert and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human health and well-being are inextricably linked to nature; our connection to the natural world is part of our biological inheritance. In this engaging book, a pioneer in the field of biophilia—the study of human beings' inherent affinity for nature—sets forth the first full account of nature's powerful influence on the quality of our lives. Stephen Kellert asserts that our capacities to think, feel, communicate, create, and find meaning in life all depend upon our relationship to nature. And yet our increasing disconnection and alienation from the natural world reflect how seriously we have undervalued its important role in our lives. Weaving scientific findings together with personal experiences and perspectives, Kellert explores specific human tendencies—including affection, aversion, intellect, control, aesthetics, exploitation, spirituality, and communication—to discover how they are influenced by our relationship with nature. He observes that a beneficial relationship with the natural world is an instinctual inclination, but must be earned. He discusses how we can restore the balance in our relationship by means of changes in childhood development, education, conservation, building design, ethics, and everyday life. Kellert's moving book provides exactly what is needed now: a fresh understanding of how much our essential humanity relies on being a part of the natural world.
Book Synopsis Conceptual Issues in Ecology by : Esa. Saarinen
Download or read book Conceptual Issues in Ecology written by Esa. Saarinen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection of essays, some of the leading ecologists and philosophers discuss the foundations of ecology and evolutionary biology. While large scale philosophical convictions and attitudes often direct the theorist's line of concrete action in data collection and in theory information, the founda tional convictions typically remain tacit, and are seldom argued for. The present collection aims to remedy this situation. It brings together scholars representing different approaches in a joint effort to explicate and analyse some of the key issues underlying ecological theorizing, be they conceptual, epistemological or ontological. The bulk of the present collection is reprinted from Synthese 43 (1980). William C. Wimsatt's paper 'Reductionistic Research Strategies and Their Biases in the Units of Selection Controversy' is in turn reprinted from T. Nickles (ed.) Scientific Discovery: Case Studies (D. Reidel, 1980). It appears here with the kind permission of Prof. Nickles. The publisher's consent for the reprints has been in each case automatic. The essays of Y rjo Haila and Olli Jarvinen, and of Leigh M. Van Valen appear here for the first time. In bringing the present collection together, as well as in editing the Synthese symposium on which it is based, I have greatly benefited from the suggestions of Professors Marjorie Grene, Olli J iirvinen and Daniel Simberloff. In addition to them, I wish to thank all the contributors for their interest in this project.
Book Synopsis Schumpeterian Competition in Alternative Technological Regimes by : Sidney G. Winter
Download or read book Schumpeterian Competition in Alternative Technological Regimes written by Sidney G. Winter and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Caring for Patients from Different Cultures by : Geri-Ann Galanti
Download or read book Caring for Patients from Different Cultures written by Geri-Ann Galanti and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geri-Ann Galanti argues that if the goal of the American medical system is to provide optimal care for all patients, health-care providers must understand cultural differences that create conflicts and misunderstandings and that can result in inferior medical care. This new edition includes five new chapters and 172 case studies of actual conflicts that occurred in American hospitals.
