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Measuring The Effects Of Disturbance Climate On The Co2 Energy Exchange Of Ponderosa Pine Forests In The Pacific Northwest
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Book Synopsis Measuring the Effects of Disturbance & Climate on the CO2 & Energy Exchange of Ponderosa Pine Forests in the Pacific Northwest by :
Download or read book Measuring the Effects of Disturbance & Climate on the CO2 & Energy Exchange of Ponderosa Pine Forests in the Pacific Northwest written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal is to quantify and understand the influence of climate and disturbance on ecosystem processes and thus net carbon uptake by forests. The objective is to combine tower and ground-based observations to quantify the effects of disturbance on processes controlling carbon storage and CO2 and energy exchange in varying climatic conditions. Specific objectives are: (1) Investigate the effects of logging and fire on carbon storage and carbon dioxide and energy exchange in chronosequences of ponderosa pine, using consistent methodology; (2) Determine key environmental factors controlling carbon storage and carbon dioxide and energy exchange in these forests through a combination of measurements and process modeling; and (3) Assess spatial variation of the concentrations and transport in complex terrain. The eddy covariance method is used for measurements of CO2, water vapor, and energy exchanges in a chronosequence of ponderosa pine forests (burned in 2002 wildfire, 10 year-old stand, 90 year-old mature stand). The mature stand has been an AmeriFlux site since 2000 (following previous flux sites in young and old stands initiated in 1996). In addition to the eddy covariance measurements, a large suite of biological processes and ecosystem properties are determined for the purpose of developing independent forest carbon budgets and NEP estimates; these include photosynthesis, stand respiration, soil CO2 fluxes, annual litterfall, foliar chemistry, and bole increment, and soil organic matter among other parameters. The measurements are being integrated and evaluated with two ecosystem models (BIOME-BGC and SPA). Such analyses are needed to assess regional terrestrial ecosystem carbon budgets. The results will contribute scientific understanding of carbon processes, and will provide comprehensive data sets for forest managers and those preparing national carbon inventories to use in assessments of carbon sequestration in relation to interannual climate variation and disturbance. Frameworks and methodologies developed by the PI will contribute to AmeriFlux Network facility functions for data acquisition, exchange and modeling of results in a broad spectrum of carbon cycle research.
Book Synopsis Final Report on the Project Entitled "The Effects of Disturbance & Climate on Carbon Storage & the Exchanges of CO2 Water Vapor & Energy Exchange of Evergreen Coniferous Forests in the Pacific Northwest by :
Download or read book Final Report on the Project Entitled "The Effects of Disturbance & Climate on Carbon Storage & the Exchanges of CO2 Water Vapor & Energy Exchange of Evergreen Coniferous Forests in the Pacific Northwest written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the final technical report containing a summary of all findings with regard to the following objectives of the project: (1) To quantify and understand the effects of wildfire on carbon storage and the exchanges of energy, CO2, and water vapor in a chronosequence of ponderosa pine (disturbance gradient); (2) To investigate the effects of seasonal and interannual variation in climate on carbon storage and the exchanges of energy, CO2, and water vapor in mature conifer forests in two climate zones: mesic 40-yr old Douglas-fir and semi-arid 60-yr old ponderosa pine (climate gradient); (3) To reduce uncertainty in estimates of CO2 feedbacks to the atmosphere by providing an improved model formulation for existing biosphere-atmosphere models; and (4) To provide high quality data for AmeriFlux and the NACP on micrometeorology, meteorology, and biology of these systems. Objective (1): A study integrating satellite remote sensing, AmeriFlux data, and field surveys in a simulation modeling framework estimated that the pyrogenic carbon emissions, tree mortality, and net carbon exchange associated with four large wildfires that burned ~50,000 hectares in 2002-2003 were equivalent to 2.4% of Oregon statewide anthropogenic carbon emissions over the same two-year period. Most emissions were from the combustion of the forest floor and understory vegetation, and only about 1% of live tree mass was combusted on average. Objective (2): A study of multi-year flux records across a chronosequence of ponderosa pine forests yielded that the net carbon uptake is over three times greater at a mature pine forest compared with young pine. The larger leaf area and wetter and cooler soils of the mature forest mainly caused this effect. A study analyzing seven years of carbon and water dynamics showed that interannual and seasonal variability of net carbon exchange was primarily related to variability in growing season length, which was a linear function of plant-available soil moisture in spring and early summer. A multi-year drought (2001-2003) led to a significant reduction of net ecosystem exchange due to carry-over effects in soil moisture and carbohydrate reserves in plant-tissue. In the same forest, the interannual variability in the rate carbon is lost from the soil and forest floor is considerable and related to the variability in tree growth as much as it is to variability in soil climatic conditions. Objective (3): Flux data from the mature ponderosa pine site support a physical basis for filtering nighttime data with friction velocity above the canopy. An analysis of wind fields and heat transport in the subcanopy at the mesic 40-year old Douglas site yielded that the non-linear structure and behavior of spatial temperature gradients and the flow field require enhanced sensor networks to estimate advective fluxes in the subcanopy of forest to close the surface energy balance in forests. Reliable estimates for flux uncertainties are needed to improve model validation and data assimilation in process-based carbon models, inverse modeling studies and model-data synthesis, where the uncertainties may be as important as the fluxes themselves. An analysis of the time scale dependence of the random and flux sampling error yielded that the additional flux obtained by increasing the perturbation timescale beyond about 10 minutes is dominated by random sampling error, and therefore little confidence can be placed in its value. Artificial correlation between gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (Re) is a consequence of flux partitioning of eddy covariance flux data when GEP is computed as the difference between NEE and computed daytime Re (e.g. using nighttime Re extrapolated into daytime using soil or air temperatures). Tower-data must be adequately spatially averaged before comparison to gridded model output as the time variability of both is inherently different. The eddy-covariance data collected at the mature pondero ...
Book Synopsis The Effects of Disturbance and Climate on Carbon Storage and the Exchanges of CO2 Water Vapor and Energy Exchange of Evergreen Coniferous Forests in the Pacific Northwest by :
Download or read book The Effects of Disturbance and Climate on Carbon Storage and the Exchanges of CO2 Water Vapor and Energy Exchange of Evergreen Coniferous Forests in the Pacific Northwest written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the final technical report containing a summary of all findings with regard to the following objectives of the project: (1) To quantify and understand the effects of wildfire on carbon storage and the exchanges of energy, CO2, and water vapor in a chronosequence of ponderosa pine (disturbance gradient); (2) To investigate the effects of seasonal and interannual variation in climate on carbon storage and the exchanges of energy, CO2, and water vapor in mature conifer forests in two climate zones: mesic 40-yr old Douglas-fir and semi-arid 60-yr old ponderosa pine (climate gradient); (3) To reduce uncertainty in estimates of CO2 feedbacks to the atmosphere by providing an improved model formulation for existing biosphere-atmosphere models; and (4) To provide high quality data for AmeriFlux and the NACP on micrometeorology, meteorology, and biology of these systems. Objective (1): A study integrating satellite remote sensing, AmeriFlux data, and field surveys in a simulation modeling framework estimated that the pyrogenic carbon emissions, tree mortality, and net carbon exchange associated with four large wildfires that burned 5̃0,000 hectares in 2002-2003 were equivalent to 2.4% of Oregon statewide anthropogenic carbon emissions over the same two-year period. Most emissions were from the combustion of the forest floor and understory vegetation, and only about 1% of live tree mass was combusted on average. Objective (2): A study of multi-year flux records across a chronosequence of ponderosa pine forests yielded that the net carbon uptake is over three times greater at a mature pine forest compared with young pine. The larger leaf area and wetter and cooler soils of the mature forest mainly caused this effect. A study analyzing seven years of carbon and water dynamics showed that interannual and seasonal variability of net carbon exchange was primarily related to variability in growing season length, which was a linear function of plant-available soil moisture in spring and early summer. A multi-year drought (2001-2003) led to a significant reduction of net ecosystem exchange due to carry-over effects in soil moisture and carbohydrate reserves in plant-tissue. In the same forest, the interannual variability in the rate carbon is lost from the soil and forest floor is considerable and related to the variability in tree growth as much as it is to variability in soil climatic conditions. Objective (3): Flux data from the mature ponderosa pine site support a physical basis for filtering nighttime data with friction velocity above the canopy. An analysis of wind fields and heat transport in the subcanopy at the mesic 40-year old Douglas site yielded that the non-linear structure and behavior of spatial temperature gradients and the flow field require enhanced sensor networks to estimate advective fluxes in the subcanopy of forest to close the surface energy balance in forests. Reliable estimates for flux uncertainties are needed to improve model validation and data assimilation in process-based carbon models, inverse modeling studies and model-data synthesis, where the uncertainties may be as important as the fluxes themselves. An analysis of the time scale dependence of the random and flux sampling error yielded that the additional flux obtained by increasing the perturbation timescale beyond about 10 minutes is dominated by random sampling error, and therefore little confidence can be placed in its value. Artificial correlation between gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (Re) is a consequence of flux partitioning of eddy covariance flux data when GEP is computed as the difference between NEE and computed daytime Re (e.g. using nighttime Re extrapolated into daytime using soil or air temperatures). Tower-data must be adequately spatially averaged before comparison to gridded model output as the time variability of both is inherently different. The eddy-covariance data collected at the mature pondero...
Book Synopsis The Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change, and U.S. Forests by : William E. Shands
Download or read book The Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change, and U.S. Forests written by William E. Shands and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Final Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigate the effects of disturbance and climate variables on processes controlling carbon and water processes at AmeriFlux cluster sites in semi-arid and mesic forests in Oregon. The observations were made at three existing and productive AmeriFlux research sites that represent climate and disturbance gradients as a natural experiment of the influence of climatic and hydrologic variability on carbon sequestration and resulting atmospheric CO2 feedback that includes anomalies during the warm/ dry phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.
Book Synopsis Environmental Effects of Forest Residues Management in the Pacific Northwest by : Owen P. Cramer
Download or read book Environmental Effects of Forest Residues Management in the Pacific Northwest written by Owen P. Cramer and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Change Effects on Vegetation in the Pacific Northwest by : Dodsonu S Department of Agriculture
Download or read book Climate Change Effects on Vegetation in the Pacific Northwest written by Dodsonu S Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to review scientific knowledge and model projec-tions on vegetation vulnerability to climatic and other environmental changes in the Pacific Northwest, with emphasis on five major biome types: subalpine forests and alpine meadows, maritime coniferous forests, dry coniferous forests, savan-nas and woodlands (oak and juniper), and interior shrub-steppe. We started by reviewing and synthesizing the scientific literature on past and projected changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate for the Pacific Northwest (and globally), and how these changes are likely to influence snowpack dynamics, soil water availability, and selected disturbance regimes.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric and Biospheric Interactions of Gases and Energy in the Pacific Region of the United States, Mexico, and Brazil by :
Download or read book Atmospheric and Biospheric Interactions of Gases and Energy in the Pacific Region of the United States, Mexico, and Brazil written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Change in the Northwest by : Meghan M. Dalton
Download or read book Climate Change in the Northwest written by Meghan M. Dalton and published by NCA Regional Input Reports. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change in the Northwest: Implications for Our Landscapes, Waters, and Communities is aimed at assessing the state of knowledge about key climate impacts and consequences to various sectors and communities in the northwest United States. It draws on a wealth of peer-reviewed literature, earlier state-level assessment reports conducted for Washington (2009) and Oregon (2010), as well as a risk-framing workshop. As an assessment, it aims to be representative (though not exhaustive) of the key climate change issues as reflected in the growing body of Northwest climate change science, impacts, and adaptation literature now available. This report will serve as an updated resource for scientists, stakeholders, decision makers, students, and community members interested in understanding and preparing for climate change impacts on Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. This more detailed, foundational report is intended to support the key findings presented in the Northwest chapter of the Third National Climate Assessment.
Book Synopsis Silviculture of Ponderosa Pine in the Pacific Northwest by : James Willis Barrett
Download or read book Silviculture of Ponderosa Pine in the Pacific Northwest written by James Willis Barrett and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Predicting the Unpredictable by : Marie Oliver
Download or read book Predicting the Unpredictable written by Marie Oliver and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth's climate is changing, as evidenced by warming temperatures, increased temperature variability, fluctuating precipitation patterns, and climate-related environmental disturbances. And with considerable uncertainty about the future, Forest Service land managers are now considering climate change adaptation in their planning efforts. They want practical approaches to managing forests and rangelands that will sustain key ecosystem functions, services, and critical habitats in the face of climate change. Climate change studies are proliferating, and locating pertinent information, as it applies to a particular Northwest landscape, can be a daunting task. Two Pacific Northwest Research Station scientists and their collaborators reviewed and synthesized extensive scientific knowledge and summarized model projections that describe vegetation vulnerability to climate-related environmental changes in the Pacific Northwest. They evaluated climate change issues for the region's five major biome types: (1) subalpine forests and alpine meadows, (2) maritime coniferous forests, (3) dry coniferous forests, (4) savannas and woodlands, and (5) interior shrub steppe. A general technical report titled Climate Change Effects on Vegetation in the Pacific Northwest provides a valuable snapshot of current information on a wide variety of climate change issues that managers may encounter during planning processes and in interactions with stakeholders.
Book Synopsis Working with the Pacific Northwest Research Station by : Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.)
Download or read book Working with the Pacific Northwest Research Station written by Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (Portland, Or.) Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :644 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Annual Report - Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station by : Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (Portland, Or.)
Download or read book Annual Report - Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station written by Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (Portland, Or.) and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stand Age- and Climate Variability-effects on Ecosystem Exchange at the Wind River Experimental Forest, Washington, USA by : Sonia Wharton
Download or read book Stand Age- and Climate Variability-effects on Ecosystem Exchange at the Wind River Experimental Forest, Washington, USA written by Sonia Wharton and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Pacific Northwest Forests by : U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Download or read book Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Pacific Northwest Forests written by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.
Book Synopsis Environmental Issues in Pacific Northwest Forest Management by : Committee on Environmental Issues in Pacific Northwest Forest Management
Download or read book Environmental Issues in Pacific Northwest Forest Management written by Committee on Environmental Issues in Pacific Northwest Forest Management and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-28 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People are demanding more of the goods, services, and amenities provided by the forests of the Pacific Northwest, but the finiteness of the supply has become clear. This issue involves complex questions of biology, economics, social values, community life, and federal intervention. Forests of the Pacific Northwest explains that economic and aesthetic benefits can be sustained through new approaches to management, proposes general goals for forest management, and discusses strategies for achieving them. Recommendations address restoration of damaged areas, management for multiple uses, dispute resolution, and federal authority. The volume explores the market role of Pacific Northwest wood products and looks at the implications if other regions should be expected to make up for reduced timber harvests. The book also reviews the health of the forested ecosystems of the region, evaluating the effects of past forest use patterns and management practices. It discusses the biological importance, social significance, and management of old-growth as well as late-succession forests. This volume will be of interest to public officials, policymakers, the forest products industry, environmental advocates, researchers, and concerned residents.
Book Synopsis Implications of Climate Change for Pacific Northwest Forest Management by : Geoffrey Wall
Download or read book Implications of Climate Change for Pacific Northwest Forest Management written by Geoffrey Wall and published by The Service. This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
