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Measurements Of Total Aerosol Deposition And Validation Of Airway Resistance Models In Anatomically Realistic Intrathoracic Conducting Airway Replicas Of Children
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Book Synopsis Measurements of Total Aerosol Deposition and Validation of Airway Resistance Models in Anatomically Realistic Intrathoracic Conducting Airway Replicas of Children by : Azadeh Akhavan Taheri Borojeni
Download or read book Measurements of Total Aerosol Deposition and Validation of Airway Resistance Models in Anatomically Realistic Intrathoracic Conducting Airway Replicas of Children written by Azadeh Akhavan Taheri Borojeni and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One objective of this research was to obtain a correlation that quantitatively predicts micrometer-sized aerosol particle deposition in the upper conducting airways (trachea to generation 3) of children. Experiments were conducted using steady inhalation air flow rates to measure the deposition of monodisperse particles with diameters of 3.5-5.5 micro-meter in replicas of the upper tracheobronchial airways of 11 children aged 2-8 years. The total deposition of particles was measured in each replica using gravimetry. Validation was performed by measuring deposition in five adult replicas and comparing with existing published data. Although there is considerable intersubject variability in our data, the empirical correlation of Chan & Lippmann (1980) was found to predict total deposition reasonably well in all of our adult and child replicas. A second goal of this study was to design an idealized pediatric central conducting airway model that mimics average total particle deposition in the airways of 4-8 year old children. Dimensions of the idealized model were selected based on analytical prediction of deposition in scaled versions of existing adult airway geometries. Validation experiments were then conducted using steady inhalation air flow rate to measure the deposition of monodisperse particles with mass median diameters (MMD) of 3.5, 4.5, 5 and 5.2 micro-meter in the idealized pediatric model. The total deposition of particles was measured using gravimetry. Experimental data confirmed that aerosol deposition in the idealized pediatric central conducting airway geometry was consistent with the average deposition previously measured in 10 realistic airway replicas for children 4-8 years old. Finally, this thesis describes in vitro measurements of the total pressure loss at varying flow rate through anatomically realistic conducting airway replicas of ten children, 4 to 8 years old, and five adults. Experimental results were compared with analytical predictions made using published airway resistance models. For the adult replicas, the model proposed by van Ertbruggen et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 98:970-980,2005) most accurately predicted central conducting airway resistance for inspiratory flow rates ranging from 15 to 90 L/min. Models proposed by Pedley et al. (J. Respir. Physiol. 9:371-386,1970) and by Katz et al. (J. Biomechanics 44:1137-1143,2011) also provided reasonable estimates, but with a tendency to over predict measured pressure loss for both models. For child replicas, the Pedley and Katz models both provided good estimation of measured pressure loss at flow rates representative of resting tidal breathing, but under predicted measured values at high inspiratory flow rate (60 L/min). The van Ertbruggen model, developed based on flow simulations performed in an adult airway model, tended to under predict measured pressure loss through the child replicas across the range of flow rates studied (2 to 60 L/min). These results are intended to provide guidance for selection of analytical pressure loss models for use in predicting airway resistance and ventilation distribution in adults and children.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Aerosol Deposition in Children and Infants Using Idealized Extrathoracic Geometries by : Conor Aidan Ruzycki
Download or read book Characterization of Aerosol Deposition in Children and Infants Using Idealized Extrathoracic Geometries written by Conor Aidan Ruzycki and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes a number of experimental studies performed with the common goal of characterizing pharmaceutical aerosol deposition in children and infants using idealized extrathoracic geometries. First, an in vitro study of the recently proposed Alberta Idealized Child Throat showed that this idealized child oral extrathoracic airway model accurately replicates average deposition of pharmaceutical aerosol from pressurized metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers in school age children. This successful validation confirms that the Alberta Idealized Child Throat may indeed fulfill the existing requirement for a standardized platform in which benchtop testing of delivery devices and therapeutic formulations developed for children can be examined. Second, a joint in vitro -- in silico methodology was employed to characterize deposition in an idealized infant nasal extrathoracic airway geometry. Using a novel flow system, total lung dose from two pressurized metered dose inhalers, delivered via valved holding chamber and facemask under a realistic breath profile, was approximated by the dose delivered distal to the idealized geometry. In silico simulations using this estimate of total lung dose provided insight on regional deposition in the lungs and on the concentration of drug in the airway surface liquid. From a clinical perspective, this in vitro -- in silico methodology provides valuable guidance on the dosing required for efficacious use of aerosolized medications in infants. Finally, a comparison of in vitro deposition measured in two idealized geometries representative of the oral extrathoracic airways of children is described, illustrating the importance of considering the physics governing aerosol behavior in the human airways when developing idealized geometries meant to mimic in vivo deposition. It is hoped that the experiments undertaken as part of this thesis will aid in the development of new delivery devices and inhalation therapies for the treatment of disease in children and infants.
Book Synopsis Pediatric and Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation by : Peter C. Rimensberger
Download or read book Pediatric and Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation written by Peter C. Rimensberger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-12 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by outstanding authorities from all over the world, this comprehensive new textbook on pediatric and neonatal ventilation puts the focus on the effective delivery of respiratory support to children, infants and newborns. In the early chapters, developmental issues concerning the respiratory system are considered, physiological and mechanical principles are introduced and airway management and conventional and alternative ventilation techniques are discussed. Thereafter, the rational use of mechanical ventilation in various pediatric and neonatal pathologies is explained, with the emphasis on a practical step-by-step approach. Respiratory monitoring and safety issues in ventilated patients are considered in detail, and many other topics of interest to the bedside clinician are covered, including the ethics of withdrawal of respiratory support and educational issues. Throughout, the text is complemented by numerous illustrations and key information is clearly summarized in tables and lists.
Book Synopsis Textbook of Respiratory Medicine by : John Frederic Murray
Download or read book Textbook of Respiratory Medicine written by John Frederic Murray and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Drug Delivery to the Lung by : Hans Bisgaard
Download or read book Drug Delivery to the Lung written by Hans Bisgaard and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-02 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the aerosol treatment of lung diseases, recent improvements in the understanding of proper dosage, and major innovations in device technology applied to clinical practice. Examines the behavior of inspired spherical particles in the respiratory tract!Featuring over 1300 references, drawings, tables, and photographs.
Book Synopsis The Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols by : Warren H. Finlay
Download or read book The Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols written by Warren H. Finlay and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001-07-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols, An Introduction provides a unique and comprehensive treatment of the mechanics of inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols. The book covers a wide range of topics and many new perspectives are given by drawing on research from a variety of fields. Novel, in-depth expositions of the most common delivery devices are given, including nebulizers, dry powder inhalers and propellant metered dose inhalers. The behaviour of aerosols in the respiratory tract is explained in detail, with complete coverage of the fundamentals of current deposition models. The book begins by providing a comprehensive introduction to aspects of aerosol mechanics that are relevant to inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols. It then gives an exhaustive pedagogical description of the behaviour of evaporating and condensing droplets (both aqueous and propellant-based), an introductory chapter on lung geometry and inhalation patterns, and coverage of relevant aspects of fluid mechanics in the lung. Finally, the book provides invaluable, detailed coverage on the mechanics of common pharmaceutical aerosol delivery systems and deposition in the respiratory tract. Throughout the book are many detailed numerical examples that apply the salient concepts to typical inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols. This book will be of interest to scientists and engineers involved in the research and development of inhaled pharmaceutical aerosol products. Experienced practitioners will find many new perspectives that will greatly enhance their understanding of this complex and rapidly growing field. For those delivering therapeutic agents to the lung, this book is a must-have. Students and academics will find this book an invaluable tool and for newcomers it is a worthy guide to the diverse fields that must be understood to work in the area of inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols.
Book Synopsis Humidification in the Intensive Care Unit by : Antonio M. Esquinas
Download or read book Humidification in the Intensive Care Unit written by Antonio M. Esquinas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inadequate humidification of inspired gases can cause a variety of serious problems, and humidification has accordingly become an important aspect of modern intensive care medicine. This book is designed to serve as a practical guide for clinicians, providing information on the theoretical background of humidification, the equipment, and its optimal use. The book starts by examining the physiological basis of humidification. Current devices are then discussed, with careful attention to factors influencing their performance and methods to evaluate their effectiveness. The two scenarios of mechanical and non-mechanical ventilation are considered, and the issue of ventilator-associated pneumonia is addressed in detail. Further chapters focus on such topics as humidification following tracheostomy, humidification of the artificial airway during secretion management, measurement of inspired gas temperature in the ventilated neonate, and humidification in the home care setting.
Book Synopsis Morphometry of the Human Lung by : Ewald R. Weibel
Download or read book Morphometry of the Human Lung written by Ewald R. Weibel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Morphometry of the Human Lung considers the developments in understanding the quantitative anatomy of the lung, and in the correlation of anatomy with physiology. This book is composed of 11 chapters, and begins with an overview of a systematic approach to a quantitative morphologic analysis of the architecture of the human lung, followed by a presentation of general problems of methodology and the derivation of reliable dimensional models of this organ. The subsequent chapters describe the methods of preparation of tissues, methods of random sampling, and adaptation of methodologies from other fields of science. These topics are followed by discussions the mathematical formulations for the translation of the data into the desired geometric forms and a technique of counting. The final chapters look into the mode of distribution and geometric forms that should eventually facilitate mathematical and physical considerations regarding the function of the lungs. These chapters also consider the application of these quantitative methods to the study of pathologic specimens, providing a most timely renovation of morphologic pathology. This book will be of value to pulmonologists, physiologists, and researchers who are interested in lung morphometry.
Book Synopsis Core Topics in Mechanical Ventilation by : Iain Mackenzie
Download or read book Core Topics in Mechanical Ventilation written by Iain Mackenzie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unique text laying out the principles and practicalities of mechanical ventilation aimed at any practitioner.
Book Synopsis Diffuse Lung Disorders by : Miriam Sperber
Download or read book Diffuse Lung Disorders written by Miriam Sperber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together pathologists, clinicians and diagnostic radiologists to produce a simplified analysis and a unification of the existing concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of diffuse lung diseases, this volume highlights pathological changes and presents the latest diagnostic modalities. Detailed therapeutic strategies are proposed based on epidemiological findings, radiographic manifestations, and the complex pathophysiological basis of each disorder. The result will appeal not only to the sophisticated practitioner but will also provide material that is sufficiently organised and didactic to be used by the young physician.
Book Synopsis Pediatric Chest Imaging by : Pilar Garcia-Peña
Download or read book Pediatric Chest Imaging written by Pilar Garcia-Peña and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-09 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the second edition of Pediatric Chest Imaging was published in 2007, there have been further significant advances in our understanding of chest diseases and continued development of new imaging technology and techniques. The third, revised edition of this highly respected reference publication has been thoroughly updated to reflect this progress. Due attention is paid to the increased role of hybrid imaging, and entirely new chapters cover topics such as interventional radiology, lung MRI, functional MRI, diffuse/interstitial lung disease, and cystic fibrosis. As in previous editions, the focus is on technical aspects of modern imaging modalities, their indications in pediatric chest disease, and the diagnostic information that they supply. Pediatric Chest Imaging will be an essential asset for pediatricians, neonatologists, cardiologists, radiologists, and pediatric radiologists everywhere.
Book Synopsis Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation by : ANTONIO ESQUINAS
Download or read book Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation written by ANTONIO ESQUINAS and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-12 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation is an effective technique for the management of patients with acute or chronic respiratory failure. This comprehensive and up-to-date book explores all aspects of the subject. The opening sections are devoted to theory and equipment, with detailed attention to the use of full-face masks or helmets, the range of available ventilators, and patient-ventilator interactions. Clinical applications are then considered in depth in a series of chapters that address the use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in chronic settings and in critical care, both within and outside of intensive care units. Due attention is also paid to weaning from conventional mechanical ventilation, potential complications, intraoperative applications, and staff training. The closing chapters examine uses of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in neonatal and pediatric care. This book, written by internationally recognized experts, will be an invaluable guide for both clinicians and researchers.
Author :Peter Slinger, MD, FRCPC Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :1441901833 Total Pages :718 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (419 download)
Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery by : Peter Slinger, MD, FRCPC
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery written by Peter Slinger, MD, FRCPC and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-12 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles and Practice of Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery will serve as an updated comprehensive review covering not only the recent advances, but also topics that haven't been covered in previously published texts: extracorporeal ventilatory support, new advances in chest imaging modalities, lung isolation with a difficult airway, pulmonary thrombo-endarterectomy, and chronic post-thoracotomy pain. Additionally, the book features clinical case discussions at the end of each clinical chapter as well as tables comprising detailed anesthetic management.
Book Synopsis Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, Second Edition by : Anthony J. Hickey
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, Second Edition written by Anthony J. Hickey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-03 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thoroughly revised and expanded reference provides authoritative discussions on the physiologic, pharmacologic, metabolic, molecular, cellular and physicochemical factors, influencing the efficacy and utilization of pharmaceutical aerosol. It analyzes the latest science and developments in the generation, administration and characterization of these compounds, showcasing current clinical applications, the efficiency and limitations of major aerosol products and emerging aerosol therapies impacting the field.
Book Synopsis Review of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by : Gautam Biswas
Download or read book Review of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology written by Gautam Biswas and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2012-07-20 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date information, substantial amount of material on clinical Forensic Medicine included in a nutshell. Medical Jurisprudence, Identification, Autopsy, Injuries, Sexual Offences, Forensic Psychiatry and Toxicology are dealt with elaborately.
Book Synopsis Respiratory Drug Delivery (1989) by : Peter R. Byron
Download or read book Respiratory Drug Delivery (1989) written by Peter R. Byron and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-04-20 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this book is on subjects related to drug delivery to the lung. The text spans topics from aerosol deposition through pharmaceutical chemistry and formulation to the final clinical evaluation of pharmaceutical products. Utilizing a multi-disciplinary approach, the chapters consider toxicology from the point of view of drugs and pharmaceutical excipients used in aerosols.
Book Synopsis CT of the Airways by : Phillip M. Boiselle
Download or read book CT of the Airways written by Phillip M. Boiselle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-25 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive review of large and small airways disorders. It begins with four introductory chapters devoted to airway physiology, anatomy, and anatomical and functional CT imaging methods. These chapters are followed by coverage of large airways disorders in adults, including airway stenoses, neoplasms, malacia and bronchiectasis. The next section examines small airways disorders in adults, including asthma, infectious and non-infectious small airways disorders, obliterative bronchiolitis, and smoking-related airway diseases. The final two chapters detail pediatric large and small airway disorders.
