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Measurement Of Thyroxine Concentration As An Indicator Of The Critical Period For Imprinting In Kokanee Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka
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Book Synopsis Measurement of Thyroxine Concentration as an Indicator of the Critical Period for Imprinting in Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) by :
Download or read book Measurement of Thyroxine Concentration as an Indicator of the Critical Period for Imprinting in Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Monitoring Program ; Measurement of Thyroxin Concentration as an Indicator of the Critical Period for Imprinting in the Kokanee Salmon (Orcorhynchus Nerka) Implications for Operating Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Hatcheries ; 1991 Supplement Report by :
Download or read book Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Monitoring Program ; Measurement of Thyroxin Concentration as an Indicator of the Critical Period for Imprinting in the Kokanee Salmon (Orcorhynchus Nerka) Implications for Operating Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Hatcheries ; 1991 Supplement Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous investigations have determined that thyroid hormone surges activate olfactory imprinting in anadromous salmonid smolts. The mechanism of action appears to require binding of thyroid hormones to receptors in brain cell nuclei, which stimulates neuron differentiation and wires a pattern of neuron circuitry that allows for the permanent storage of the imprinted olfactory memory. In this study, thyroxine concentrations [T4] were measured in 487 Lake Whatcom stock and 70 Lake Roosevelt stock Kokanee salmon to indicate the critical period for imprinting. Eggs, alevins and fry, reared at the Spokane Indian Kokanee Hatchery, were collected from January through August 1991. Sampled fish were flash frozen on dry ice and stored at -80°C until T4 was extracted and concentrations determined by radioimmunassay. Mean concentration " SEM of 10--20 individual fish (assayed in duplicate) were determined for each time period. T4 concentration peaked on the day of hatch at 16.8 ng/g body weight and again at swim-up at 16.0 " 4.7 ng/g body weight. T4 concentration was 12.5 to 12.9 ng/g body weight in eggs, 7.1 to 15.2 ng/g body weight in. alevins, 4.5 to 11.4 ng/g body weight in 42 to 105 day old fry and 0.1 to 2.9 ng/g body weight in 112 to 185 day old fry. T4 concentrations were highest in eggs at 13.3 " 2.8 ng/g body weight, then steadily decreased to 0.1 " 0.1 ng/g body weight in older fry. Fry were released in Lake Roosevelt tributaries in July and August 1991, at about 170--180 days post hatching, in order to imprint them to those sites. The results of this study indicate that the time of release was not appropriate for imprinting. If T4 levels are an accurate guide for imprinting in kokanee, our results suggest that the critical period for imprinting in kokanee is at hatching or swim-up stages.
Book Synopsis Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Monitoring Program ; Artificial Imprinting of Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) with Synthetic Chemicals by :
Download or read book Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Monitoring Program ; Artificial Imprinting of Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) with Synthetic Chemicals written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1991, we initiated studies to determine the critical period for thyroxine-induced olfactory imprinting in kokanee salmon. In our preliminary investigation we found that thyroxine [T4] levels of Lake Whatcom stock, 1990 year class, kokanee were relatively high in eggs and alevins as compared to post-swimup fry, and peaked at hatch and swimup. Here we report on follow-up studies conducted in 1992 designed to determine if our initial results could be replicated. Additionally, in 1992, we initiated experiments to determine if kokanee could be imprinted to synthetic chemicals--morpholine and phenethyl alcohol--at different life stages. In 1991, whole body thyroxine content [T4] was measured in 460 Lake Whatcom stock kokanee and 480 Lake Pend Orielle (Cabinet Gorge) stock kokanee to indicate the critical period for imprinting. Lots of 20 kokanee eggs, alevins and fry from both stocks, reared at the Spokane Tribal hatchery, were collected at weekly intervals from November 1991 to August 1992 and assayed for T4 content by radioimmunoassay. T4 levels were monitored in Lake Whatcom stock, 1991 year class fish, from eyed egg (33 days post-fertilization) to fry (248 days post-fertilization) stages. T4 concentration (± SEM) in eggs was 6.7 ± 1.3 rig/g body weight. T4 peaked on the day of hatch at 13.1 ± 2.5 ng/g body weight, then declined to 10.3 ± 1.1 ng/g body weight in recently post-hatch alevins. T4 peaked again at 22.1 ± 5.2 ng/g body weight during swimup, then steadily decreased to about 1.0 ng/g body weight in 176-248 day old fry. T4 levels were monitored in Lake Pend Orielle stock, 1991 year class, fish from the day of fertilization (day 0) to 225 days post-fertilization. T4 content of eggs was 9.5 ± 1.7 ng/g body weight and peaked on the day of hatch (day 53 post-fertilization) at 24.2 ± 4.5 ng/g body weight. After declining to 13.0 ± 2.9 ng/g body weight on day 81 post-fertilization, T4 peaked a second time during swimup (88-95 days post-fertilization) at 24.3 ± 3.8 ng/g body weight. After swimup, T4 concentration steadily declined to about 0.6 ng/g body weight in 225 day old post-fertilization fry. Thus, results of our 1992 investigations were consistent with our preliminary 1991 study. In all cases: (1) T4 concentration was relatively high in eggs and alevins as compared to older fry; and (2) T4 peaks occurred at hatch and swimup. Blood serum T4 concentration was measured in 9 month to 21 month-old Lake Whatcom stock, 1990 year class, kokanee from July 1991 to August 1992. T4 concentrations were low in summer, peaked slightly in October, were low in early winter, then peaked several times between January and May 1992. Thus, the 1990 year class Lake Whatcom kokanee evidenced high T4 activity from egg to swimup stages in their first year and in the winter and spring of their second year of life. The fish appeared to undergo smolt transformation between 16-18 months old. In 1992, Lake Whatcom (1991 cohort) kokanee were exposed to synthetic chemicals--1,072,000 to morpholine and 1,117,000 to phenethyl alcohol--at different life history stages: (1) eye to hatch; (2) hatch; (3) hatch to swimup; (4) swimup; and (5) post-swimup fry (in February, March, April and May-June). Additionally, Lake Whatcom (1990 cohort) kokanee were exposed to synthetic chemicals--36,000 to morpholine and 51,600 to phenethyl alcohol--at age 16-18 months. Most of these fish were marked and released in Lake Roosevelt in July and August 1992 as part of a field test. A portion of the fish from each group was retained at the Spokane Tribal hatchery until August-October 1993, when behavioral tests will be conducted to determine if the fish imprinted to their exposure odor.
Book Synopsis Artificial Imprinting of Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) with Synthetic Chemicals by : Allan T. Scholz
Download or read book Artificial Imprinting of Lake Roosevelt Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) with Synthetic Chemicals written by Allan T. Scholz and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Orientation and Navigation in Vertebrates by : Andrii Rozhok
Download or read book Orientation and Navigation in Vertebrates written by Andrii Rozhok and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-25 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews all major models and hypotheses concerning the mechanisms supposed to underlie the process of navigation in vertebrates. It covers data on all major model groups of vertebrates studied in the context of animal navigation, such as migratory birds, homing pigeons, sea turtles, subterranean mammals and some migratory fish species. Some other – less studied – groups, e.g., whales, have also been touched. The first part of the book describes different sources of navigational information, with their specific navigational mechanisms known or supposed to be employed by animals for navigational goals. The second part discusses possible functions of these mechanisms in different vertebrates and in the context of different navigational tasks, ranging from short-range navigation, often performed by animals within as small an area as several square meters, to long-distance global-scale migrations performed by many birds and some sea turtles during their lifespan.
Book Synopsis Recommendations to Amend the Resident Fish and Wildlife Sections of the Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program by :
Download or read book Recommendations to Amend the Resident Fish and Wildlife Sections of the Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uses and Effects of Cultured Fishes in Aquatic Ecosystems by : Harold L. Schramm
Download or read book Uses and Effects of Cultured Fishes in Aquatic Ecosystems written by Harold L. Schramm and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Smolt Transformation in Kokanee Salmon, Oncorhynchus Nerka Kennerlyi Suckley by : Mary Beth Tilson
Download or read book Smolt Transformation in Kokanee Salmon, Oncorhynchus Nerka Kennerlyi Suckley written by Mary Beth Tilson and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In 1991, two kokanee salmon hatcheries were built on Lake Roosevelt to mitigate for the loss of anadromous salmon due to construction of Grand Coulee Dam. Fish are released into Lake Roosevelt as 7-8 month old fry. To monitor hatchery effectiveness, kokanee salmon were tested for a variety of physiological, behavioral and morphological attributes to determine if they went through smelt transformation similar to other anadromous salmonid species. This would help in determining if fish were emmigrating out of Lake Roosevelt and over Grand Coulee Dam at some point after stocking. Yearling fish,12-19 months old, retained at the Spokane Tribal Hatchery were tested at monthly intervals for plasma thyroxine, gill Na-K+ ATPase activity, condition factor, silvering, salinity tolerance, salinity preference and downstream migratory behavior. Results indicated a significant peak in plasma thyroxine in February and a smaller peak in April. Basal levels of thyroxine were 11.0 ng/ml compared to 15.2 ng/ml at peak. Gill ATPase increased from 5.1 [micro]mol P[subscript]i mg Protein−1 h−1 in January to 13.7 [micro]moI P[subscript]i mg Protein−1 h−1 in April, and condition factor decreased from 1.3 to 0.82 at this time. Silvering started to increase in February and continued through the spring. Blood plasma osmolarity of fish held in 0, 1 0, and 20 ppt stayed around isosmotic levels (330 mOsm/l), but the osmolarity of fish held in 30 ppt were significantly higher than fish held in freshwater, and osmolarity remained elevated from January through April, ( -569 mOsm/l) then decreased in May to near isosmotic levels (344 mOsm/l). In salinity tolerance tests, 100% of the fish survived in 0, 10, and 20 ppt salt water during all months tested (January- July). In 30 ppt salt water, 0% of the fish survived from January through April compared to 90-100% survival from May through July. Kokanee exhibited no preference to dilute salt water during the study period. Fish showed a slight preference to concentrated sea water in February (53%), but during March, April and May, fish exhibited an avoidance to salt water (43, 49, and 41% preference). In June, fish showed a strong avoidance to salt water (23% preference). Fish showed an increase in downsteam migratory behavior in March (66%) and again in May (65%). It appeared that kokanee underwent at least partial smelt transformation compared to other species of anadromous salmonids. These kokanee experienced thyroxine peaks, increased silvering, increased downstream migratory behavior and an increase in salt water adaptation at certain times of the year. If fish released from the hatchery as 7-8 month old fry experience similar transitions in Lake Roosevelt when they are 12-19 months old, these conditions may contribute to emmigration and entrainment through Grand Coulee Dam, and loss of the fish from Lake Roosevelt"--Document.
Book Synopsis Olfactory Imprinting in Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka). by : Elmar Maria Plate
Download or read book Olfactory Imprinting in Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka). written by Elmar Maria Plate and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the following study, I tried to link hormonal background conditions to successful olfactory imprinting in sockeye salmon by employing behavioural, endocrinological and electrophysio logical experiments. In the initial experiments, sockeye salmon were exposed to potential imprinting odorants, with or without additional treatment with thyroid hormones, during several juvenile stages between fertilization and beyond the PST. After two years of rearing, these fish were tested for behavioural responses to test odorants in two behavioural arenas. Neither immature nor mature fish reacted behaviourally to the odorants that they had been exposed to previously. Therefore, exposure of juveniles to odorants did not lead to imprinting to those odorants under hatchery rearing conditions. In contrast, juvenile fish that were exposed to test odorants and treated with a combination of T3 and T4 (in all cases) or T3 (in one case) the two most common forms of thyroid hormones, did exhibit an odorant recognition response two years later. However, the response differed between immature and mature fish. Mature fish were attracted to the imprinting odorant, whereas immature fish were repelled by the it. When immature fish were injected with GnRH before testing, their behavioural response was reversed. No behavioural response could be detected in fish that had been challenged with either T3 or T4 alone, in contrast to a combined treatment with both forms. Thus, I found evidence that a combination of T3 and T4 initiated imprinting and that GnRH motivated odorant recognition. To examine the underlying hormonal processes, I first determined plasma thyroid hormone concentrations in sockeye salmon before and after hormonal challenges with thyroid hormones or GnRH. In addition, the activity of the deiodinase enzyme that converts T4 into the other possible forms of thyroid hormones was investigated in sensory and non-sensory tissues. The results suggested that only a combined T3T4 treatment increased the availability of both thyroid hormone forms in blood plasma, while a separate challenge with T4 suppressed T3 availability and vice versa. Moreover, the results provided evidence for deiodinase activity in the olfactory epithelium and the retina and demonstrated that GnRH can modulate the T4 conversion process. This inform ation was helpful for planning and interpretation of the remaining experiments. Results obtained from a classical conditioning paradigm (heart-rate-conditioning), provided support for the hypothesis that GnRH lowers the threshold to an imprinting odorant and that the influence of GnRH was not restricted to an enhancement of motivation. To investigate whether hormonal action could also modulate the sensitivity of the peripheral olfactory system, electrophysiological responses from the olfactory epithelium (electro-olfacto-grams or EOGs) were recorded. The EOG results established that thyroid hormones and GnRH increased the EOG response of adult naïve (never imprinted to an odorant) fish, as did maturity. In the last experiments, I conducted EOG recordings on fish that had been imprinted at a juvenile stage. In summary, EOG recordings revealed that the imprinting process increased sensitivity to the imprinting odorant at maturity, while sensitivity in immature fish was decreased in comparison to non-imprinted fish. In combination with my behavioural results, this could explain why salmon do not enter their natal stream before they reach maturity. At maturity however, I also encountered desensitization to non-imprinting odorants, which might increase the ability to focus the olfactory system to the task of homing.
Author :Jillian Stephanie Korstrom Publisher :National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada ISBN 13 :9780612169548 Total Pages :134 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (695 download)
Book Synopsis Effect of Hypoxia, Fresh Water, Anaesthesia, and Sampling Technique on the Hematocrit Values of Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) from Alberni Inlet [microform] by : Jillian Stephanie Korstrom
Download or read book Effect of Hypoxia, Fresh Water, Anaesthesia, and Sampling Technique on the Hematocrit Values of Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) from Alberni Inlet [microform] written by Jillian Stephanie Korstrom and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1994 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Olfactory Imprinting and Homing in Salmon by : A.D. Hasler
Download or read book Olfactory Imprinting and Homing in Salmon written by A.D. Hasler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chance Favors Only the Prepared Mind How does a scientist go about the task of pushing back the curtains of the unknown? Certainly the romance of tackling the mysteries of nature provides the motivation, for who would not be inspired by the remarkable life history of this romantic beast, the salmon. After living in the Pacific Ocean for several years, salmon swim thousands of kilometers back to the stream of their birth to spawn. I have always been fascinated by the homing migration of salmon. Noone who has seen a 20-kilogram salmon fling itself into the air repeatedly until it is exhausted in a vain effort to surmount a waterfall can fail to marvel at the strength of the instinct that draws the salmon upriver to the stream where it was born. But how does it find its way back? I was puzzling over this problem during a family vacation in 1946. Inspired by the work of the great German Nobel Laureates, Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz, I had been conducting research with my graduate student Theodore Walker, since 1945, on the ability of fishes to discriminate odors emanating from aquatic plants. Von Frisch had studied schooling minnows and discovered that, if broken, their skin emitted a con specific chemical substance, termed Schreckstoff, which caused other members of its school to disperse and hide.
Book Synopsis Fish Larval Physiology by : Roderick Nigel Finn
Download or read book Fish Larval Physiology written by Roderick Nigel Finn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended as a resource for students and researchers interested in developmental biology and physiology and specifically addresses the larval stages of fish. Fish larvae (and fish embryos) are not small juveniles or adults. Rather they are transitionary organisms that bridge the critical gap between the singlecelled egg and sexually immature juvenile. Fish larvae represent the stage of the life cycle that is used for differentiation, feeding and distribution. The book aims at providing a single-volume treatise that explains how fish larvae develop and differentiate, how they regulate salt, water and acid-base balance, how they transport and exchange gases, acquire and utilise energy, how they sense their environment, and move in their aquatic medium, how they control and defend themselves, and finally how they grow up.
Book Synopsis Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout by : Bror Jonsson
Download or read book Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout written by Bror Jonsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of habitat is the major cause for loss of biodiversity including variation in life history and habitat ecology. Each species and population adapts to its environment, adaptations visible in morphology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and genetics. Here, the authors present the population ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and how it is influenced by the environment in terms of growth, migration, spawning and recruitment. Salmonids appeared as freshwater fish some 50 million years ago. Atlantic salmon and brown trout evolved in the Atlantic basin, Atlantic salmon in North America and Europe, brown trout in Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. The species live in small streams as well as large rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal seas and oceans, with brown trout better adapted to small streams and less well adapted to feeding in the ocean than Atlantic salmon. Smolt and adult sizes and longevity are constrained by habitat conditions of populations spawning in small streams. Feeding, wintering and spawning opportunities influence migratory versus resident lifestyles, while the growth rate influences egg size and number, age at maturity, reproductive success and longevity. Further, early experiences influence later performance. For instance, juvenile behaviour influences adult homing, competition for spawning habitat, partner finding and predator avoidance. The abundance of wild Atlantic salmon populations has declined in recent years; climate change and escaped farmed salmon are major threats. The climate influences through changes in temperature and flow, while escaped farmed salmon do so through ecological competition, interbreeding and the spreading of contagious diseases. The authors pinpoint essential problems and offer suggestions as to how they can be reduced. In this context, population enhancement, habitat restoration and management are also discussed. The text closes with a presentation of what the authors view as major scientific challenges in ecological research on these species.
Book Synopsis Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology by : Rex A. Dunham
Download or read book Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology written by Rex A. Dunham and published by CABI. This book was released on 2023-02-28 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic improvement of fish for aquaculture and related fisheries has seen huge advances over recent years. Building upon the previous two editions of Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology: Genetic Approaches, this 3rd edition offers a presentation of traditional selective breeding, modern genetic biotechnology, genomics, gene transfer and gene editing, and the latest developments in genetic biotechnology such as epigenetics, xenogenesis and genome-wide association study coupled with commercial application, the impact of government regulation and expectations for the future. It provides a firm grounding in relevant aspects of classical genetics, before focusing on particular aspects such as sex reversal and breeding as applied in aquaculture and fisheries. It also explores how more recent molecular genetics, genomics and biotechnology techniques can be used and combined in improvement programmes for fish and aquaculture species. A glossary explains the latest terminology used in biotechnology and genetics. This book will be useful for research scientists and students in marine biotechnology, aquaculture biotechnology, and fish genetics and breeding.
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