Levels Of Argument

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Levels of Argument

Author : Dominic Scott
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199249644
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Levels of Argument by : Dominic Scott

Download or read book Levels of Argument written by Dominic Scott and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Levels of Argument, Dominic Scott compares the Republic and Nicomachean Ethics from a methodological perspective. In the first half he argues that the Republic distinguishes between two levels of argument in the defence of justice, the 'longer' and 'shorter' routes. The longer is the ideal and aims at maximum precision, requiring knowledge of the Forms and a definition of the Good. The shorter route is less precise, employing hypotheses, analogies and empirical observation. This is the route that Socrates actually follows in the Republic, because it is appropriate to the level of his audience and can stand on its own feet as a plausible defence of justice. In the second half of the book, Scott turns to the Nicomachean Ethics. Scott argues that, even though Aristotle rejects a universal Form of the Good, he implicitly recognises the existence of longer and shorter routes, analogous to those distinguished in the Republic. The longer route would require a comprehensive theoretical worldview, incorporating elements from Aristotle's metaphysics, physics, psychology, and biology. But Aristotle steers his audience away from such an approach as being a distraction from the essentially practical goals of political science. Unnecessary for good decision-making, it is not even an ideal. In sum, Platonic and Aristotelian methodologies both converge and diverge. Both distinguish analogously similar levels of argument, and it is the shorter route that both philosophers actually follow--Plato because he thinks it will have to suffice, Aristotle because he thinks that there is no need to go beyond it.

Computable Models of the Law

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540855688
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Computable Models of the Law by :

Download or read book Computable Models of the Law written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-14 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information technology has now pervaded the legal sector, and the very modern concepts of e-law and e-justice show that automation processes are ubiquitous. European policies on transparency and information society, in particular, require the use of technology and its steady improvement. Some of the revised papers presented in this book originate from a workshop held at the European University Institute of Florence, Italy, in December 2006. The workshop was devoted to the discussion of the different ways of understanding and explaining contemporary law, for the purpose of building computable models of it -- especially models enabling the development of computer applications for the legal domain. During the course of the following year, several new contributions, provided by a number of ongoing (or recently finished) European projects on computation and law, were received, discussed and reviewed to complete the survey. This book presents 20 thoroughly refereed revised papers on the hot topics under research in different EU projects: legislative XML, legal ontologies, semantic web, search and meta-search engines, web services, system architecture, dialectic systems, dialogue games, multi-agent systems (MAS), legal argumentation, legal reasoning, e-justice, and online dispute resolution. The papers are organized in topical sections on knowledge representation, ontologies and XML legislative drafting; knowledge representation, legal ontologies and information retrieval; argumentation and legal reasoning; normative and multi-agent systems; and online dispute resolution.

Teaching the Argument in Writing

Author : Richard Fulkerson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Teaching the Argument in Writing by : Richard Fulkerson

Download or read book Teaching the Argument in Writing written by Richard Fulkerson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on how to teach, analyze, and assess arguments. Gives clear examples introducing terms from informal logic, naming particular fallacies, and analyzing samples of student writing to show the various approaches to argument being discussed.

The Place of Emotion in Argument

Author : Douglas Walton
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271040890
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis The Place of Emotion in Argument by : Douglas Walton

Download or read book The Place of Emotion in Argument written by Douglas Walton and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Evaluating the Language of Argument

Author : Martin Hinton
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030616940
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating the Language of Argument by : Martin Hinton

Download or read book Evaluating the Language of Argument written by Martin Hinton and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with the evaluation of natural argumentative discourse, and, in particular, with the language in which arguments are expressed. It introduces a systematic procedure for the analysis and assessment of arguments, which is designed to be a practical tool, and may be considered a pseudo-algorithm for argument evaluation. The first half of the book lays the theoretical groundwork, with a thorough examination of both the nature of language and the nature of argument. This leads to a definition of argumentation as reasoning expressed within a procedure, which itself yields the three frames of analysis used in the evaluation procedure: Process, Reasoning, and Expression. The second half begins with a detailed discussion of the concept of fallacy, with particular attention on fallacies of language, their origin and their effects. A new way of looking at fallacies emerges from these chapters, and it is that conception, together with the understanding of the nature of argumentation described in earlier sections, which ultimately provides the support for the Comprehensive Assessment Procedure for Natural Argumentation. The first two levels of this innovative procedure are outlined, while the third, that dealing with language, and involving the development of an Informal Argument Semantics, is fully described. The use of the system, and its power of analysis, are illustrated through the evaluation of a variety of examples of argumentative texts.

Human Emotions and the Origins of Bioethics

Author : Susi Ferrarello
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000287920
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Emotions and the Origins of Bioethics by : Susi Ferrarello

Download or read book Human Emotions and the Origins of Bioethics written by Susi Ferrarello and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-06 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unique phenomenological dialogue between psychology and philosophy on the origin of bioethics that shows the importance of bringing emotions into bioethical discourse. Divided into two parts, the book begins by defining bioethics and explaining the importance of emotions in making us human, allowing us to consider life holistically. Ferrarello argues that emotions and bioethics are better served when they are combined, and that dismissing emotions as nothing more than a nuisance to our rationality has created a society that does not fit our human nature. Chapters explore how ethics relate to intimate life and how ethical agents determine themselves within their surrounding world, uniquely and interrogatively using ‘bioethics’ to consider not only medical dilemmas but also issues concerning environmental and individual well-being. By addressing personal, interpersonal, and societal problems as dynamically interconnected in bioethical problems she helps us to renew our sense of responsibility toward a good quality of life. This interdisciplinary book is invaluable reading for students of health science, psychology, and philosophy, as well as for those interested in the link between emotions and bioethical discourse from both a psychological and philosophical perspective.

Diachrony of differential argument marking

Author : Ilja A. Seržant
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3961100853
Total Pages : 563 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (611 download)

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Book Synopsis Diachrony of differential argument marking by : Ilja A. Seržant

Download or read book Diachrony of differential argument marking written by Ilja A. Seržant and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there are languages that code a particular grammatical role (e.g. subject or direct object) in one and the same way across the board, many more languages code the same grammatical roles differentially. The variables which condition the differential argument marking (or DAM) pertain to various properties of the NP (such as animacy or definiteness) or to event semantics or various properties of the clause. While the main line of current research on DAM is mainly synchronic the volume tackles the diachronic perspective. The tenet is that the emergence and the development of differential marking systems provide a different kind of evidence for the understanding of the phenomenon. The present volume consists of 18 chapters and primarily brings together diachronic case studies on particular languages or language groups including e.g. Finno-Ugric, Sino-Tibetan and Japonic languages. The volume also includes a position paper, which provides an overview of the typology of different subtypes of DAM systems, a chapter on computer simulation of the emergence of DAM and a chapter devoted to the cross-linguistic effects of referential hierarchies on DAM.

What Is the Argument?

Author : Maralee Harrell
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262529270
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis What Is the Argument? by : Maralee Harrell

Download or read book What Is the Argument? written by Maralee Harrell and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-10-21 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring philosophy through detailed argument analyses of texts by philosophers from Plato to Strawson using a novel and transparent method of analysis. The best way to introduce students to philosophy and philosophical discourse is to have them read and wrestle with original sources. This textbook explores philosophy through detailed argument analyses of texts by philosophers from Plato to Strawson. It presents a novel and transparent method of analysis that will teach students not only how to understand and evaluate philosophers' arguments but also how to construct such arguments themselves. Students will learn to read a text and discover what the philosopher thinks, why the philosopher thinks it, and whether the supporting argument is good. Students learn argument analysis through argument diagrams, with color-coding of the argument's various elements—conclusion, claims, and “indicator phrases.” (An online “mini-course” in argument diagramming and argument diagramming software are both freely available online.) Each chapter ends with exercises and reading questions. After a general introduction to philosophy and logic and an explanation of argument analysis, the book presents selections from primary sources, arranged by topics that correspond to contemporary debates, with detailed analysis and evaluation. These topics include philosophy of religion, epistemology, theory of mind, free will and determinism, and ethics; authors include Aristotle, Aquinas, Descartes, Hume, Kant, Ryle, Fodor, Dennett, Searle, and others. What Is the Argument? not only introduces students to great philosophical thinkers, it also teaches them the essential skill of critical thinking.

Evidence, Argument, and Persuasion in the Policy Process

Author : Giandomenico Majone
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300052596
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (525 download)

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Book Synopsis Evidence, Argument, and Persuasion in the Policy Process by : Giandomenico Majone

Download or read book Evidence, Argument, and Persuasion in the Policy Process written by Giandomenico Majone and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In modern industrial democracies, the making of public policy is dependent on policy analysis--the generation, discussion, and evaluation of policy alternatives. Policy analysis is often characterized, especially by economists, as a technical, nonpartisan, objective enterprise, separate from the constraints of the political environment. however, says the eminent political scientist Giandomenico Majone, this characterization of policy analysis is seriously flawed. According to Majone, policy analysts do not engage in a purely technical analysis of alternatives open to policymakers, but instead produce policy arguments that are based on value judgments and are used in the course of public debate. In this book Majone offers his own definition of policy analysis and examines all aspects of it--from problem formulation and the choice of policy instruments to program development and policy evaluation. He argues that rhetorical skills are crucial for policy analysts when they set the norms that determine when certain conditions are to be regarded as policy problems, when they advise on technical issues, and when they evaluate policy. Policy analysts can improve the quality of public deliberation by refining the standards of appraisal of public programs and facilitating a wide-ranging dialogue among advocates of different criteria. In fact, says Majone, the essential need today is not to develop 'objective' measures of outcomes--the traditional aim of evaluation research--but to improve the methods and conditions of public discourse at all levels and stages of policy-making.

Evolution and the Levels of Selection

Author : Samir Okasha
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199267979
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution and the Levels of Selection by : Samir Okasha

Download or read book Evolution and the Levels of Selection written by Samir Okasha and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-11-16 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does natural selection act primarily on individual organisms, on groups, on genes, or on whole species? Samir Okasha provides a comprehensive analysis of the debate in evolutionary biology over the levels of selection, focusing on conceptual, philosophical and foundational questions. A systematic framework is developed for thinking about natural selection acting at multiple levels of the biological hierarchy; the framework is then used to help resolve outstanding issues. Considerable attention is paid to the concept of causality as it relates to the levels of selection, in particular the idea that natural selection at one hierarchical level can have effects that 'filter' up or down to other levels. Unlike previous work in this area by philosophers of science, full account is taken of the recent biological literature on 'major evolutionary transitions' and the recent resurgence of interest in multi-level selection theory among biologists. Other biological topics discussed include Price's equation, kin and group selection, the gene's eye view, evolutionary game theory, outlaws and selfish genetic elements, species and clade selection, and the evolution of individuality. Philosophical topics discussed include reductionism and holism, causation and correlation, the nature of hierarchical organization, and realism and pluralism.

Networking Argument

Author : Carol Winkler
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000672824
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Networking Argument by : Carol Winkler

Download or read book Networking Argument written by Carol Winkler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents selected works from the 20th Biennial Alta Argumentation Conference, sponsored by the National Communication Association and the American Forensics Association and held in 2017. The conference brought together scholars from Europe, Asia, and North America to engage in intensive conversations about how argument functions in our increasingly networked society. The essays discuss four aspects of networked argument. Some examine arguments occurring in online networks, seeking to both understand and respond more effectively to the acute changes underway in the information age. Others focus on offline networks to identify historical and contemporary resources available to advocates in the modern day. Still others discuss the value-added of including argumentation scholars on interdisciplinary research teams analyzing a diverse range of subjects, including science, education, health, law, economics, history, security, and media. Finally, the remainder network argumentation theories explore how the interactions between and among existing theories offer fruitful ground for new insights for the field of argumentation studies. The wide range of disciplinary backgrounds and methodological approaches employed in Networking Argument make this volume a unique compilation of perspectives for understanding urgent and sustaining issues facing our society.

Computational Models of Argument

Author : P. Baroni
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1614996865
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (149 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Models of Argument by : P. Baroni

Download or read book Computational Models of Argument written by P. Baroni and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2016-09-02 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research into computational models of argument is a rich interdisciplinary field involving the study of natural, artificial and theoretical argumentation and requiring openness to interactions with a variety of disciplines, ranging from philosophy and cognitive science to formal logic and graph theory. The ultimate aim is to support the development of computer-based systems able to engage in argumentation-related activities, either with human users or among themselves. This book presents the proceedings of the sixth biennial International Conference on Computational Models of Argument (COMMA 2016), held in Potsdam, Germany, on 12- 16 September. The aim of the COMMA conferences is to bring together researchers interested in computational models of argument and the representation of argumentation structures in natural language texts, with special attention to contributions concerning emerging trends and the development of new connections with other areas. The book contains the 25 full papers, 17 short papers and 10 demonstration abstracts presented at the conference, together with 3 invited talks. Subjects covered include abstract, bipolar and structured argumentation, quantitative approaches and their connections with formalisms like Bayesian networks and fuzzy logic, multi-agent scenarios, algorithms and solvers, and mining arguments in text, dialogue, and social media. The book provides an overview of current research and developments in the field of computational models of argument, and will be essential reading for all those with an interest in the field.

Argue with Me

Author : Deanna Kuhn
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317434153
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Argue with Me by : Deanna Kuhn

Download or read book Argue with Me written by Deanna Kuhn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is essential that middle- and high-school students develop argument skills. This rich resource provides a clear, step-by-step approach that achieves this goal. The method is rooted in peer dialog and makes use of readily available technology. The authors document impressive gains in students’ skills in producing and interpreting both dialogic and written arguments. The method can be used in English or content-area classes, or even be implemented as a stand-alone class or as part of a debate program. This curriculum helps students become critical thinkers prepared for the demands of college, careers, and citizenship. Book Features: Background on why students should develop argument skills and what these skills consist of The nuts and bolts of how to implement the curriculum in your own classroom Alignments to the Common Core State Standards and Next Generation Science Standards Accessible video material showing both teacher’s instructions and students’ activities Samples of students’ written work Assessment tools that you can use or modify to fit your own needs An appendix with additional guides, examples, suggested topics, and classroom-ready reproducibles. New to the second edition is a chapter on how you can incorporate this approach into an existing curriculum if you are unable to implement the full program.The techniques are designed to be flexible and adaptable, and work with students of all ability levels—especially with those who are less motivated and engaged in school. This enhanced edition is also accompanied by free bonus eResources, such as suggested readings on different topics and full lesson plans, which you can download and print from our website, www.routledge.com/9781138911406.

Recovering Argument

Author : Randall Lake
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351587374
Total Pages : 509 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Recovering Argument by : Randall Lake

Download or read book Recovering Argument written by Randall Lake and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the best scholarship from the 19th National Communication Association/American Forensic Association Conference on Argumentation, which took place July 30-August 2, 2015, at Cliff Lodge, Snowbird Resort, in Alta, Utah. The Alta Conference, first held in 1979, is the oldest conference in argumentation studies in the world and biennially brings together a lively group of scholars, representing a variety of countries, with diverse perspectives on the theory and practice of argument. The essays in Recovering Argument invite reflection upon and reconsideration of argumentation’s legacy, present status, and potential roles in social, cultural, and political life. Readers will encounter essays that treat the relationship between argumentation and memory, historical approaches to argumentation, the vitality of public and interpersonal argument, argument’s role in leadership, discursive and presentational forms of argument, and the challenges of difference. Readers also will find these topics addressed from a variety of historical, social-scientific, and critical-interpretive perspectives.

Argument Structure in Hindi

Author : Tara Mohanan
Publisher : Center for the Study of Language (CSLI)
ISBN 13 : 9781881526438
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Argument Structure in Hindi by : Tara Mohanan

Download or read book Argument Structure in Hindi written by Tara Mohanan and published by Center for the Study of Language (CSLI). This book was released on 1994 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conception of linguistic organisation involving the factorisation of syntactically relevant information into at least four parallel dimensions of structure.

Listening to Reason in Plato and Aristotle

Author : Dominic Scott
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198863322
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Listening to Reason in Plato and Aristotle by : Dominic Scott

Download or read book Listening to Reason in Plato and Aristotle written by Dominic Scott and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-11-02 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plato and Aristotle used moral philosophy to influence the way people actually live. Focusing on the Republic and the Nicomachean Ethics, this book examines how far they thought it could succeed in this.

The Concept of Argument

Author : Harald R. Wohlrapp
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 940178762X
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Concept of Argument by : Harald R. Wohlrapp

Download or read book The Concept of Argument written by Harald R. Wohlrapp and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arguing that our attachment to Aristotelian modes of discourse makes a revision of their conceptual foundations long overdue, the author proposes the consideration of unacknowledged factors that play a central role in argument itself. These are in particular the subjective imprint and the dynamics of argumentation. Their inclusion in a four-dimensional framework (subjective-objective, structural-procedural) and the focus on thesis validity allow for a more realistic view of our discourse practice. Exhaustive analyses of fascinating historical and contemporary arguments are provided. These range from Columbus’s advocacy of the Western Passage to India, over the trial of King Louis XVI during the French Revolution, to today’s highly charged controversies surrounding euthanasia and embryo research. Excavating foundational issues such as the purpose of argument itself (assent of an audience or critical examination of validity claims) and the contested role of argument as a generator of knowledge, the book culminates in a discussion of the relationship between rationality and reasonableness and criticizes the restrictions of ‘rational’ argument relying on fixed logical, economic or cultural criteria that in reality are mutable. Here, a true, open argument requires the infusion of Paul Lorenzen’s principle of ‘transsubjectivity’, which recognizes but transcends the partiality of the individual and which can be seen in the pragmatic and expanding consensus that humanity can control itself to safeguard the future of a fragile, damaged world.