Evolution And The Levels Of Selection

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Evolution and the Levels of Selection

Author : Samir Okasha
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199267979
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution and the Levels of Selection by : Samir Okasha

Download or read book Evolution and the Levels of Selection written by Samir Okasha and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-11-16 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does natural selection act primarily on individual organisms, on groups, on genes, or on whole species? Samir Okasha provides a comprehensive analysis of the debate in evolutionary biology over the levels of selection, focusing on conceptual, philosophical and foundational questions. A systematic framework is developed for thinking about natural selection acting at multiple levels of the biological hierarchy; the framework is then used to help resolve outstanding issues. Considerable attention is paid to the concept of causality as it relates to the levels of selection, in particular the idea that natural selection at one hierarchical level can have effects that 'filter' up or down to other levels. Unlike previous work in this area by philosophers of science, full account is taken of the recent biological literature on 'major evolutionary transitions' and the recent resurgence of interest in multi-level selection theory among biologists. Other biological topics discussed include Price's equation, kin and group selection, the gene's eye view, evolutionary game theory, outlaws and selfish genetic elements, species and clade selection, and the evolution of individuality. Philosophical topics discussed include reductionism and holism, causation and correlation, the nature of hierarchical organization, and realism and pluralism.

Evolution and the Levels of Selection

Author : Samir Okasha
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191533211
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution and the Levels of Selection by : Samir Okasha

Download or read book Evolution and the Levels of Selection written by Samir Okasha and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2006-11-16 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does natural selection act primarily on individual organisms, on groups, on genes, or on whole species? Samir Okasha provides a comprehensive analysis of the debate in evolutionary biology over the levels of selection, focusing on conceptual, philosophical and foundational questions. A systematic framework is developed for thinking about natural selection acting at multiple levels of the biological hierarchy; the framework is then used to help resolve outstanding issues. Considerable attention is paid to the concept of causality as it relates to the levels of selection, in particular the idea that natural selection at one hierarchical level can have effects that 'filter' up or down to other levels. Unlike previous work in this area by philosophers of science, full account is taken of the recent biological literature on 'major evolutionary transitions' and the recent resurgence of interest in multi-level selection theory among biologists. Other biological topics discussed include Price's equation, kin and group selection, the gene's eye view, evolutionary game theory, outlaws and selfish genetic elements, species and clade selection, and the evolution of individuality. Philosophical topics discussed include reductionism and holism, causation and correlation, the nature of hierarchical organization, and realism and pluralism.

Evolution and the Levels of Selection [ebook]

Author : Samir Okasha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (753 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution and the Levels of Selection [ebook] by : Samir Okasha

Download or read book Evolution and the Levels of Selection [ebook] written by Samir Okasha and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does natural selection act primarily on individual organisms, on groups, on genes, or on whole species? This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the debate in evolutionary biology over the levels of selection, focusing on conceptual, philosophical and foundational questions.

Natural Selection

Author : George C. Williams
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198023391
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Selection by : George C. Williams

Download or read book Natural Selection written by George C. Williams and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992-10-01 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, George C. Williams--one of evolutionary biology's most distinguished scholars--examines the mechanisms and meaning of natural selection in evolution. Williams offers his own perspective on modern evolutionary theory, including discussions of the gene as the unit of selection, clade selection and macroevolution, diversity within and among populations, stasis, and other timely and provocative topics. In dealing with the levels-of-selection controversy, he urges a pervasive form of the replicator-vehicle distinction. Natural selection, he argues, takes place in the separate domains of information and matter. Levels-of-selection questions, consequently, require different theoretical devices depending on the domains being discussed. In addressing these topics, Williams presents a synthesis of his three decades of research and creative thought which have contributed greatly to evolutionary biology in this century.

Levels of Selection in Evolution

Author : Laurent Keller
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691207011
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Levels of Selection in Evolution by : Laurent Keller

Download or read book Levels of Selection in Evolution written by Laurent Keller and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the groundbreaking work of George Williams, W. D. Hamilton, and Richard Dawkins, evolutionary biologists have recognized that natural selection generally does not operate for the good of the group, but rather for the good of lower-level units such as the individual, the cell, even the gene. One of the fundamental problems of biology is: what keeps competition between these various levels of natural selection from destroying the common interests to be gained from cooperation? In this volume twelve prominent scientists explore this question, presenting a comprehensive survey of the current theoretical and empirical research in evolutionary biology. Recent studies show that at many levels of biological organization, mechanisms have evolved to prevent potential conflict in natural selection. Editor Laurent Keller's aim in this book is to bring together leading researchers from all biological disciplines to outline these potential conflicts and discuss how they are resolved. A multi-level approach of this kind allows important insights into the evolution of life, as well as bridging the long-standing conceptual chasm between molecular and organismal biologists. The chapters here follow a rigorous theoretical framework, giving the book an overall synergy that is unique to multi-authored books. The contributors, in addition to the editor, are H. Charles J. Godfray, Edward Allen Herre, Dawn M. Kitchen, Egbert Giles Leigh, Jr., Catherine M. Lessells, Richard E. Michod, Leonard Nunney, Craig Packer, Andrew Pomiankowski, H. Kern Reeve, John Maynard Smith, and Eörs Szathmáry.

Facts, Conventions, and the Levels of Selection

Author : Pierrick Bourrat
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108889360
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Facts, Conventions, and the Levels of Selection by : Pierrick Bourrat

Download or read book Facts, Conventions, and the Levels of Selection written by Pierrick Bourrat and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debates concerning the units and levels of selection have persisted for over fifty years. One major question in this literature is whether units and levels of selection are genuine, in the sense that they are objective features of the world, or merely reflect the interests and goals of an observer. Scientists and philosophers have proposed a range of answers to this question. This Element introduces this literature and proposes a novel contribution. It defends a realist stance and offers a way of delineating genuine levels of selection by invoking the notion of a functional unit.

Multilevel Selection and the Theory of Evolution

Author : Ciprian Jeler
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319786776
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Multilevel Selection and the Theory of Evolution by : Ciprian Jeler

Download or read book Multilevel Selection and the Theory of Evolution written by Ciprian Jeler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book puts multilevel selection theory into a much needed historical perspective. This is achieved by discussing multilevel selection in the first half of the twentieth century, the reasons for the energetic rejection of Wynne-Edwards’ group selectionist stance in the 1960s, Elisabeth Lloyd’s contribution to the units of selection debate, Price’s hierarchical equation and its possible interpretations and, finally, species selection in macroevolutionary contexts. Another idea also seems to emerge from these studies; namely, that perhaps a more sure-footed position for multilevel selection theory would be acquired if we were to show a renewed interest in 'old group selection', i.e. in scenarios in which the differential reproduction of the groups themselves affects the frequencies of either individual-level or group-level traits. This book will be of interest to philosophers and historians of biology, as well as to theoretically inclined biologists who have an interest in multilevel selection theory.

Natural Selection

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781601298195
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (981 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Selection by :

Download or read book Natural Selection written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, George C. Williams--one of evolutionary biology's most distinguished scholars--examines the mechanisms and meaning of natural selection in evolution. Williams offers his own perspective on modern evolutionary theory, including discussions of the gene as the unit of selection, clade selection and macroevolution, diversity within and among populations, stasis, and other timely and provocative topics. In dealing with the levels-of-selection controversy, he urges a pervasive form of the replicator-vehicle distinction. Natural selection, he argues, takes place in the separate domains.

The Evolution of Complexity by Means of Natural Selection

Author : John Tyler Bonner
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691222118
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution of Complexity by Means of Natural Selection by : John Tyler Bonner

Download or read book The Evolution of Complexity by Means of Natural Selection written by John Tyler Bonner and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Tyler Bonner makes a new attack on an old problem: the question of how progressive increase in the size and complexity of animals and plants has occurred. "How is it," he inquires, "that an egg turns into an elaborate adult? How is it that a bacterium, given many millions of years, could have evolved into an elephant?" The author argues that we can understand this progression in terms of natural selection, but that in order to do so we must consider the role of development--or more precisely the role of life cycles--in evolutionary change. In a lively writing style that will be familiar to readers of his work The Evolution of Culture in Animals (Princeton, 1980), Bonner addresses a general audience interested in biology, as well as specialists in all areas of evolutionary biology. What is novel in the approach used here is the comparison of complexity inside the organism (especially cell differentiation) with the complexity outside (that is, within an ecological community). Matters of size at both these levels are closely related to complexity. The book shows how an understanding of the grand course of evolution can come from combining our knowledge of genetics, development, ecology, and even behavior.

The Structure of Evolutionary Theory

Author : Stephen Jay Gould
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674417925
Total Pages : 1460 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (744 download)

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Book Synopsis The Structure of Evolutionary Theory by : Stephen Jay Gould

Download or read book The Structure of Evolutionary Theory written by Stephen Jay Gould and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2002-03-21 with total page 1460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world’s most revered and eloquent interpreter of evolutionary ideas offers here a work of explanatory force unprecedented in our time—a landmark publication, both for its historical sweep and for its scientific vision. With characteristic attention to detail, Stephen Jay Gould first describes the content and discusses the history and origins of the three core commitments of classical Darwinism: that natural selection works on organisms, not genes or species; that it is almost exclusively the mechanism of adaptive evolutionary change; and that these changes are incremental, not drastic. Next, he examines the three critiques that currently challenge this classic Darwinian edifice: that selection operates on multiple levels, from the gene to the group; that evolution proceeds by a variety of mechanisms, not just natural selection; and that causes operating at broader scales, including catastrophes, have figured prominently in the course of evolution. Then, in a stunning tour de force that will likely stimulate discussion and debate for decades, Gould proposes his own system for integrating these classical commitments and contemporary critiques into a new structure of evolutionary thought. In 2001 the Library of Congress named Stephen Jay Gould one of America’s eighty-three Living Legends—people who embody the “quintessentially American ideal of individual creativity, conviction, dedication, and exuberance.” Each of these qualities finds full expression in this peerless work, the likes of which the scientific world has not seen—and may not see again—for well over a century.

Evolution Without Selection

Author : A. Lima-de-Faria
Publisher : Elsevier Science & Technology
ISBN 13 : 9780444812551
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution Without Selection by : A. Lima-de-Faria

Download or read book Evolution Without Selection written by A. Lima-de-Faria and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1988 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interpretation of evolution is in a state of upheaval: the rapid advancement of Molecular Biology has led into question many of the tenets of Darwinism and neo-Darwinism which, although valuable approaches at the time they were formulated, never fulfilled the criteria demanded by real scientific theories. In this lucidly written new book, now available in paperback, the author presents and discusses the rapid developments in particle physics, crystallography and molecular biology, and formulates a radically different approach to biological evolution. This treatise is not offered as one more new theory but a radically different approach. In the author's opinion, no real theory of evolution can be formulated at present. Selection is not the mechanism of evolution for the simple reason that it cannot be weighed on a balance, poured into a vial, or measured in specific units. Only a material component can be the mechanism of evolution, and this must be searched for in the strict physico-chemical processes. The origin of biological form and function and their evolutionary transformation are elucidated by the analysis of the transformation of form and function that occurred in primeval matter and energy, in the chemical elements and minerals. These three levels have their autonomous evolutions which canalised and directed the terminal process of biological evolution. When the gene and chromosome arrived, evolution had already been framed into its major channels by the autoevolution of the preceding physico-chemical levels. Professor A. Lima-de-Faria is head of the Institute of Molecular Cytogenetics at the University of Lund, Sweden, and is a leading authority in chromosome research. His pioneer contributions to the structural and molecular organization of the chromosome led him to write the widely acclaimed classic work "Molecular Evolution and Organization of the Chromosome" in 1983.

Multilevel Selection

Author : Steven C. Hertler
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9783030495190
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Multilevel Selection by : Steven C. Hertler

Download or read book Multilevel Selection written by Steven C. Hertler and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book embeds a novel evolutionary analysis of human group selection within a comprehensive overview of multilevel selection theory, a theory wherein evolution proceeds at the level of individual organisms and collectives, such as human families, tribes, states, and empires. Where previous works on the topic have variously supported multilevel selection with logic, theory, experimental data gained by studying simple organisms, or via review of the zoological literature; in this book the authors uniquely establish the validity of human group selection as a historical evolutionary process within a multilevel selection framework. Select portions of the historical record are examined from a multilevel selectionist perspective, such that clashing civilizations, decline and fall, law, custom, war, genocide, ostracism, banishment, and the like are viewed with the end of understanding their implications for internal cohesion, external defense, and population demography. In doing so, its authors advance the potential for further interdisciplinary study in fostering, for instance, the convergence of history and biology. This work will provide fresh insights not only for evolutionists but also for researchers working across the social sciences and humanities.

Concepts and Methods in Evolutionary Biology

Author : Robert N. Brandon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521498883
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts and Methods in Evolutionary Biology by : Robert N. Brandon

Download or read book Concepts and Methods in Evolutionary Biology written by Robert N. Brandon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of Professor Brandon's recent essays covers all the traditional topics in the philosophy of evolutionary biology.

Evolution by Natural Selection

Author : Michaelis Michael
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498700888
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution by Natural Selection by : Michaelis Michael

Download or read book Evolution by Natural Selection written by Michaelis Michael and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A persistent argument among evolutionary biologists and philosophers revolves around the nature of natural selection. Evolution by Natural Selection: Confidence, Evidence and the Gap explores this argument by using a theory of persistence as an intentional foil to examine ways in which similar theories can be misunderstood. It discusses Charles Dar

Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits

Author : Bruce Walsh
Publisher : Sinauer Associates, Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9781605353098
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits by : Bruce Walsh

Download or read book Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits written by Bruce Walsh and published by Sinauer Associates, Incorporated. This book was released on 2017-09-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Essential Tension

Author : Sonya Bahar
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9402410546
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis The Essential Tension by : Sonya Bahar

Download or read book The Essential Tension written by Sonya Bahar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-28 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The Essential Tension' explores how agents that naturally compete come to act together as a group. The author argues that the controversial concept of multilevel selection is essential to biological evolution, a proposition set to stimulate new debate. The idea of one collective unit emerging from the cooperative interactions of its constituent (and mutually competitive) parts has its roots in the ancient world. More recently, it has illuminated studies of animal behavior, and played a controversial role in evolutionary biology. In Part I, the author explores the historical development of the idea of a collectivity in biological systems, from early speculations on the sociology of human crowd behavior, through the mid-twentieth century debates over the role of group selection in evolution, to the notion of the selfish gene. Part II investigates the balance between competition and cooperation in a range of contemporary biological problems, from flocking and swarming to experimental evolution and the evolution of multicellularity. Part III addresses experimental studies of cooperation and competition, as well as controversial ideas such as the evolution of evolvability and Stephen Jay Gould’s suggestion that “spandrels” at one level of selection serve as possible sources of variability for the next higher level. Finally, building on the foundation established in the preceding chapters, the author arrives at a provocative new proposition: as a result of the essential tension between competition and cooperation, multiple levels may be essential in order for evolutionary processes to occur at all.

Natural Selection

Author : Richard G. Delisle
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030655369
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Selection by : Richard G. Delisle

Download or read book Natural Selection written by Richard G. Delisle and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-27 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contests the general view that natural selection constitutes the explanatory core of evolutionary biology. It invites the reader to consider an alternative view which favors a more complete and multidimensional interpretation. It is common to present the 1930-1960 period as characterized by the rise of the Modern Synthesis, an event structured around two main explanatory commitments: (1) Gradual evolution is explained by small genetic changes (variations) oriented by natural selection, a process leading to adaptation; (2) Evolutionary trends and speciational events are macroevolutionary phenomena that can be accounted for solely in terms of the extension of processes and mechanisms occurring at the previous microevolutionary level. On this view, natural selection holds a central explanatory role in evolutionary theory - one that presumably reaches back to Charles Darwin's Origin of Species - a view also accompanied by the belief that the field of evolutionary biology is organized around a profound divide: theories relying on strong selective factors and those appealing only to weak ones. If one reads the new analyses presented in this volume by biologists, historians and philosophers, this divide seems to be collapsing at a rapid pace, opening an era dedicated to the search for a new paradigm for the development of evolutionary biology. Contrary to popular belief, scholars' position on natural selection is not in itself a significant discriminatory factor between most evolutionists. In fact, the intellectual space is quite limited, if not non-existent, between, on the one hand, "Darwinists", who play down the central role of natural selection in evolutionary explanations, and, on the other hand, "non-Darwinists", who use it in a list of other evolutionary mechanisms. The "mechanism-centered" approach to evolutionary biology is too incomplete to fully make sense of its development. In this book the labels created under the traditional historiography - "Darwinian Revolution", "Eclipse of Darwinism", "Modern Synthesis", "Post-Synthetic Developments" - are thus re-evaluated. This book will not only appeal to researchers working in evolutionary biology, but also to historians and philosophers."