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Labour Markets Institutions And Inequality
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Book Synopsis Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality by : Janine Berg
Download or read book Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality written by Janine Berg and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labour market institutions, including collective bargaining, the regulation of employment contracts and social protection policies, are instrumental for improving the well-being of workers, their families and society. In many countries, these instituti
Book Synopsis Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality by : Janine Berg
Download or read book Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality written by Janine Berg and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labour market institutions, including collective bargaining, the regulation of employment contracts, and pension and other social protection policies, are instrumental for improving the well-being of workers and their families as well as societies. Yet in many countries, these institutions have been eroded; in other countries, they do not exist. This edited volume examines the importance of these institutions for ensuring equitable income distribution, including with empirical examples from both developed and developing countries. It also analyses the connections between macroeconomic policies and inequality as well as how specific groups - women, migrant workers, youths - are affected by labour market institutions
Book Synopsis Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality by : Janine Berg
Download or read book Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality written by Janine Berg and published by Edward Elgar Pub. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'A defining feature of recent decades has been the rise in income inequality within many, but certainly not all, countries, and perhaps most spectacularly in the US and UK. the reigning explanation remains the orthodox story that it's all about supply and demand - the failure of education to keep up in the race with technological advances - a story in which labor market institutions, bargaining power and social norms enter either as bit players or are ignored altogether. A powerful and welcome antidote, the essays in this fine book make the case that strong institutions are not only the Building blocks of Just Societies, but can be, if well-designed, fully consistent with high employment, dynamic economies.' - David R. Howell, New School of Social Research, US
Book Synopsis Inequality and Labor Market Institutions by : Ms. Florence Jaumotte
Download or read book Inequality and Labor Market Institutions written by Ms. Florence Jaumotte and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-07-10 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SDN examines the role of labor market institutions in the rise of income inequality in advanced economies, alongside other determinants. The evidence strongly indicates that de-unionization is associated with rising top earners’ income shares and less redistribution, while eroding minimum wages are related to increases in overall income inequality. The results, however, also suggest that a lack of representativeness of unions may be associated with higher inequality. These findings do not necessarily constitute a blanket recommendation for higher unionization and minimum wages, as country-specific circumstances and potential trade-offs with other policy objectives need to be considered. Addressing inequality also requires a multipronged approach, which should include taxation reform and curbing excesses associated with financial deregulation.
Book Synopsis Labour Markets and Income Inequality by : Rolph van der Hoeven
Download or read book Labour Markets and Income Inequality written by Rolph van der Hoeven and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the outcomes of the economic reform policies of the 1980s and 1990s in terms of inequality focusing on developing countries.
Book Synopsis Inequality and Labor Market Institutions by : Florence Jaumotte
Download or read book Inequality and Labor Market Institutions written by Florence Jaumotte and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The paper examines the role of labor market institutions in the rise of income inequality in advanced economies, alongside other determinants. The evidence strongly indicates that de-unionization is associated with rising top earners' income shares and less redistribution, while eroding minimum wages are related to increases in overall income inequality. The results, however, also suggest that a lack of representativeness of unions may be associated with higher inequality. These findings do not necessarily constitute a blanket recommendation for higher unionization and minimum wages, as country-specific circumstances and potential trade-offs with other policy objectives need to be considered. Addressing inequality also requires a multipronged approach, which should include taxation reform and curbing excesses associated with financial deregulation.
Book Synopsis Labor Market Institutions Around the World by : Richard Barry Freeman
Download or read book Labor Market Institutions Around the World written by Richard Barry Freeman and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper documents the large cross-country differences in labor institutions that make them a candidate explanatory factor for the divergent economic performance of countries and reviews what economists have learned about the effects of these institutions on economic outcomes. It identifies three ways in which institutions affect economic performance: by altering incentives, by facilitating efficient bargaining, and by increasing information, communication, and trust. The evidence shows that labor institutions reduce the dispersion of earnings and income inequality, which alters incentives, but finds equivocal effects on other aggregate outcomes, such as employment and unemployment. Given weaknesses in the cross-country data on which most studies focus, the paper argues for increased use of micro-data, simulations, and experiments to illuminate how labor institutions operate and affect outcomes.
Book Synopsis Geographies of Labour Market Inequality by : Ron Martin
Download or read book Geographies of Labour Market Inequality written by Ron Martin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the local dimensions of the labour market have attracted increasing attention from academic analysts and public policy-makers alike. There is growing realization that there is no such thing as the national labour market, instead a mosaic of local and regional markets that differ in nature, performance and regulation. Geographies of Labour Market Inequality is concerned with these multiple geographies of employment, unemployment, work and incomes, and their implications for public policy.
Book Synopsis Globalization, Labor Markets and Inequality in India by : Dipak Mazumdar
Download or read book Globalization, Labor Markets and Inequality in India written by Dipak Mazumdar and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2008 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: India's increased exposure to world markets and relaxation of domestic controls has given a spurt to the GDP growth rate, but its impact on poverty, inequality and employment have been controversial. This book examines these aspects of the post-reform scene, discerning the changes in trends which the new developments have created.
Book Synopsis Combating Inequality by : Alexander Gallas
Download or read book Combating Inequality written by Alexander Gallas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic inequality has recently gained considerable academic attention. However, two important aspects of inequality have not been discussed systematically: its multidimensional nature and the question of what can be done to reverse it. This book offers insights from scholars representing the Global Labour University, which operates in Brazil, Germany, India, South Africa and the US. They analyse the various drivers of inequality, assess policy responses, and discuss counterstrategies. The main findings of this book are that rising levels of inequality cannot be addressed only with the standard policies responses, namely education, redistribution and ‘green growth’. In addition, the way markets currently function needs to be corrected. The chapters in this volume focus on specific fields of contemporary capitalism where important drivers of inequality are located, for example, the labour market; the financial system; the tax system; multi-national corporations; and gender relations. Other chapters discuss in detail where political opportunities for change lie. They critically assess existing countermeasures; the idea of a ‘green economy’ and its implications for inequality; and existing campaigns by trade unions and new social movements against inequality. In line with the global nature of the problem, this book contains case studies on countries both from the north and south with considerable economic and political weight. This book provides academics, political practitioners and civil society activists with a range of ideas on how to drive back inequality. It will be of interest to those who study political economy, development economy and labour economics.
Book Synopsis Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992 by : John Enrico DiNardo
Download or read book Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992 written by John Enrico DiNardo and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a semiparametric procedure to analyze the effects of institutional and labor market factors on recent changes in the U.S. distribution of wages. The effects of these factors are estimated by applying kernel density methods to appropriately 'reweighted' samples. The procedure provides a visually clear representation of where in the density of wages these various factors exert the greatest impact. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we find, as in previous research, that de-unionization and supply and demand shocks were important factors in explaining the rise in wage inequality from 1979 to 1988. We find also compelling visual and quantitative evidence that the decline in the real value of the minimum wage explains a substantial proportion of this increase in wage inequality, particularly for women. We conclude that labor market institutions are as important as supply and demand considerations in explaining changes in the U.S. distribution of wages from 1979 to 1988.
Book Synopsis Inequality and the Labor Market by : Sharon Block
Download or read book Inequality and the Labor Market written by Sharon Block and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring a new agenda to improve outcomes for American workers As the United States continues to struggle with the impact of the devastating COVID-19 recession, policymakers have an opportunity to redress the competition problems in our labor markets. Making the right policy choices, however, requires a deep understanding of long-term, multidimensional problems. That will be solved only by looking to the failures and unrealized opportunities in anti-trust and labor law. For decades, competition in the U.S. labor market has declined, with the result that American workers have experienced slow wage growth and diminishing job quality. While sluggish productivity growth, rising globalization, and declining union representation are traditionally cited as factors for this historic imbalance in economic power, weak competition in the labor market is increasingly being recognized as a factor as well. This book by noted experts frames the legal and economic consequences of this imbalance and presents a series of urgently needed reforms of both labor and anti-trust laws to improve outcomes for American workers. These include higher wages, safer workplaces, increased ability to report labor violations, greater mobility, more opportunities for workers to build power, and overall better labor protections. Inequality in the Labor Market will interest anyone who cares about building a progressive economic agenda or who has a marked interest in labor policy. It also will appeal to anyone hoping to influence or anticipate the much-needed progressive agenda for the United States. The book's unusual scope provides prescriptions that, as Nobel Laureate Joseph Stiglitz notes in the introduction, map a path for rebalancing power, not just in our economy but in our democracy.
Book Synopsis Financial Crisis, Labour Markets and Institutions by : Sebastiano Fadda
Download or read book Financial Crisis, Labour Markets and Institutions written by Sebastiano Fadda and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-02-11 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to explain the global financial crisis and its wider economic, political, and social repercussions, arguing that the 2007-9 meltdown was in fact a systemic crisis of the capitalist system. The volume makes these points through the exploration of several key questions: What kind of institutional political economy is appropriate to explain crisis periods and failures of crisis-management? Are different varieties of capitalism more or less crisis-prone, and can the global financial crisis can be attributed to one variety more than others? What is the interaction between the labour market and the financialization process? The book argues that each variety of capitalism has its own specific crisis tendencies, and that the uneven global character of the crisis is related to the current forms of integration of the world market. More specifically, the 2007-09 economic crisis is rooted in the uneven income distribution and inequality caused by the current financial-led model of growth. The book explains how the introduction of more flexibility in the labour markets and financial deregulation affected everything from wages to job security to trade union influence. Uneven income distribution and inequality weakened aggregate demand and brought about structural deficiencies in aggregate demand and supply. It is argued that the process of financialization has profoundly changed how capitalist economies operate. The volume posits that financial globalization has given rise to growing international imbalances, which have allowed two growth models to emerge: a debt-led consumption growth model and an export-led growth model. Both should be understood as reactions to the lack of effective demand due to the polarization of income distribution.
Book Synopsis Designing Labor Market Institutions in Emerging and Developing Economies by : Mr.Romain A Duval
Download or read book Designing Labor Market Institutions in Emerging and Developing Economies written by Mr.Romain A Duval and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses theoretical aspects and evidences related to designing labor market institutions in emerging market and developing economies. This note reviews the state of theory and evidence on the design of labor market institutions in a developing economy context and then reviews its consistency with actual labor market advice in a selected set of emerging and developing economies. The focus is mainly on three broad sets of institutions that matter for both workers’ protection and labor market efficiency: employment protection, unemployment insurance and social assistance, minimum wages and collective bargaining. Text mining techniques are used to identify IMF recommendations in these areas in Article IV Reports for 30 emerging and frontier economies over 2005–2016. This note has provided a critical review of the literature on the design of labor market institutions in emerging and developing market economies, and benchmarked the advice featured in IMF recommendations for 30 emerging market and frontier economies against the tentative conclusions from the literature.
Book Synopsis Impacts of Labor Market Institutions and Demographic Factors on Labor Markets in Latin America by : Adriana D. Kugler
Download or read book Impacts of Labor Market Institutions and Demographic Factors on Labor Markets in Latin America written by Adriana D. Kugler and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-07-17 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper documents recent labor market performance in the Latin American region. The paper shows that unemployment, informality, and inequality have been falling over the past two decades, though still remain high. By contrast, productivity has remained stubbornly low. The paper, then, turns to the potential impacts of various labor market institutions, including employment protection legislation (EPL), minimum wages (MW), payroll taxes, unemployment insurance (UI) and collective bargaining, as well as the impacts of demographic changes on labor market performance. The paper relies on evidence from carefully conducted studies based on micro-data for countries in the region and for other countries with similar income levels to draw conclusions on the impact of labor market institutions and demographic factors on unemployment, informality, inequality and productivity. The decreases in unemployment and informality can be partly explained by the reduced strictness of EPL and payroll taxes, but also by the increased shares of more educated and older workers. By contrast, the fall in inequality starting in 2002 can be explained by a combination of binding MW throughout most of the region and, to a lesser extent, by the introduction of UI systems in some countries and the role of unions in countries with moderate unionization rates. Falling inequality can also be explained by the fall in the returns to skill associated with increased share of more educated and older workers.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Labour Market Institutions by : Gilles Saint-Paul
Download or read book The Political Economy of Labour Market Institutions written by Gilles Saint-Paul and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to most orthodox economists, labour market rigidities are the key culprit for such high unemployment as has been observed in Europe during the past three decades. But governments that have attempted to follow the standard prescription of removing rigidities have often faced harsh political opposition. This book looks at why labour market institutions such as employment protection, unemployment benefits, and relative wage rigidities exist, what role they play in society, why they seem so persistent, where the pressure to reform them comes from, and whether reform can be politically viable or not. The book ascribes a central role to the existence of underlying microeconomic frictions and to redistributive pressures between rich and poor, and shows how these ingredients may give rise to labour market rents, which in turn explain why a coherent set of rigidities arise as the outcome of the political process. It is also shown that, at the same time, such rents create resistance to reform, and contribute to locking society into a high-unemployment, rigid equilibrium. Finally, the basic principles exposed in the book are used to discuss various strategies for a successful labour market reform.
Book Synopsis Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies by : OECD
Download or read book Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10-21 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the role of growth and employment/unemployment developments in explaining recent income inequality trends in Brazil, China, India and South Africa, and discusses the roles played by labour market and social policies in both shaping and addressing these inequalities.
