Impacts Of Labor Market Institutions And Demographic Factors On Labor Markets In Latin America

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Impacts of Labor Market Institutions and Demographic Factors on Labor Markets in Latin America

Author : Adriana D. Kugler
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513508083
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Impacts of Labor Market Institutions and Demographic Factors on Labor Markets in Latin America by : Adriana D. Kugler

Download or read book Impacts of Labor Market Institutions and Demographic Factors on Labor Markets in Latin America written by Adriana D. Kugler and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-07-17 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper documents recent labor market performance in the Latin American region. The paper shows that unemployment, informality, and inequality have been falling over the past two decades, though still remain high. By contrast, productivity has remained stubbornly low. The paper, then, turns to the potential impacts of various labor market institutions, including employment protection legislation (EPL), minimum wages (MW), payroll taxes, unemployment insurance (UI) and collective bargaining, as well as the impacts of demographic changes on labor market performance. The paper relies on evidence from carefully conducted studies based on micro-data for countries in the region and for other countries with similar income levels to draw conclusions on the impact of labor market institutions and demographic factors on unemployment, informality, inequality and productivity. The decreases in unemployment and informality can be partly explained by the reduced strictness of EPL and payroll taxes, but also by the increased shares of more educated and older workers. By contrast, the fall in inequality starting in 2002 can be explained by a combination of binding MW throughout most of the region and, to a lesser extent, by the introduction of UI systems in some countries and the role of unions in countries with moderate unionization rates. Falling inequality can also be explained by the fall in the returns to skill associated with increased share of more educated and older workers.

More Work to Do? Taking Stock of Latin American Labor Markets

Author : Mr.Antonio David
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498302785
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis More Work to Do? Taking Stock of Latin American Labor Markets by : Mr.Antonio David

Download or read book More Work to Do? Taking Stock of Latin American Labor Markets written by Mr.Antonio David and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-03-08 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the performance of labor markets in Latin America since the late 1990s. Strong GDP growth during the commodity boom period led to important gains in employment and a fall in the unemployment rate as labor demand outpaced an increasing labor supply. We emphasize the role of informality in the dynamics of labor markets in Latin America. A re-examination of Okun’s law shows that informality dampens changes in unemployment accompanying output fluctuations. Moreover, we present some evidence that countries with higher redundancy costs and cumbersome dismissal regulations, exhibit “excess” informality over and above what would be expected based on their income and educational levels. Labor market reforms could thus contribute to reducing informality and increasing the responsiveness of labor markets to output growth. However, looking at selected case studies of reforms using the synthetic control method, we find mixed results in terms of labor market outcomes.

Labor Markets in Latin America

Author : Sebastian Edwards
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815723240
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (232 download)

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Book Synopsis Labor Markets in Latin America by : Sebastian Edwards

Download or read book Labor Markets in Latin America written by Sebastian Edwards and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2001-06-29 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the rules that govern labor markets in Latin America (and elsewhere) raise labor costs, create barriers to entry, and introduce rigidities in the employment structure. These include the exceedingly restrictive regulations on hiring and firing practices, as well as burdensome social insurance schemes. Such labor market regulations contribute to an over-expansion of precarious forms of employment and to rural poverty, and hinder countries from responding rapidly to new challenges from increased foreign competition. At the same time, other norms can reduce costs and raise productivity; they should be kept in place and their enforcement improved. For example, some occupational health and safety standards lower medical costs and save lives. One may also want to keep legislation aimed at providing a minimum social insurance for unemployment, old age, sickness, and disabilities. In practice, the most common decision that governments confront is not whether to intervene but to choose among different forms of intervention. This volume provides analysts and policymakers with useful insights on this issue. Part I addresses labor market institutions in a broader context, such as collective bargaining arrangements, minimum wages and poverty, and optimal unemployment insurance schemes. Part II analyzes labor market performance in Latin America, the links between performance and labor market regulations, and the status of labor market reform in the region. These questions are addressed for the region as a whole and in great detail for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Colombia. The book provides a comprehensive description of the existing labor institutions in Latin America, the problems they pose, and the trends in labor market reforms as well as the difficulties encountered by the reform process in specific cases. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Edward Amadeo, Jose Marcio Camargo, Alejandra Cox Edwards, Rene Cortazar, Enriqu

Good Jobs Wanted

Author : Inter-American Development Bank
Publisher : IDB
ISBN 13 : 9781931003506
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Good Jobs Wanted by : Inter-American Development Bank

Download or read book Good Jobs Wanted written by Inter-American Development Bank and published by IDB. This book was released on 2003 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation There is a widespread perception that the structural reforms implemented in Latin America in the 1990s have failed to spur employment growth. This perception is fueled by rising unemployment, slow wage growth, rising wage inequalities and a heightened sense of economic insecurity. This year's edition of Economic and Social Progress in Latin America investigates whether this disappointing outcome can be explained by an abnormal adjustment to rapid changes in goods and capital markets, increased female participation in the workplace, technological change, and secular changes in the sector composition of output. In particular, the book examines whether there are important demands for change that are being thwarted by inappropriate institutions and rigidities. The report documents unemployment and underemployment, employment creation and destruction, productivity growth, and the wage level and inequality. It includes a CD-ROM with data on labor markets in the region.

Labor Market Dynamics, Informality and Regulations in Latin America

Author : Mr.Antonio David
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513523759
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Labor Market Dynamics, Informality and Regulations in Latin America by : Mr.Antonio David

Download or read book Labor Market Dynamics, Informality and Regulations in Latin America written by Mr.Antonio David and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labor markets in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are characterized by high levels of informality and relatively rigid regulation. This paper shows that these two features are related and together make the speed of adjustment of employment to shocks slower, especially when regulations are tightly enforced. Evidence suggests that strict labor market regulations also have an adverse effect on medium-term growth. While both regulations on prices (minimum wages) and quantities (employment protection) decrease the speed of adjustment to shocks, they appear to be binding in different phases of the cycle—the former affects mostly the (net) job creation margin and the latter the (net) job destruction margin. The results also highlight possible interactions between labor market regulations and the effectiveness of macro-stabilization tools—including exchange rate depreciation.

Law and Employment

Author : James J. Heckman
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226322858
Total Pages : 585 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis Law and Employment by : James J. Heckman

Download or read book Law and Employment written by James J. Heckman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Law and Employment analyzes the effects of regulation and deregulation on Latin American labor markets and presents empirically grounded studies of the costs of regulation. Numerous labor regulations that were introduced or reformed in Latin America in the past thirty years have had important economic consequences. Nobel Prize-winning economist James J. Heckman and Carmen Pagés document the behavior of firms attempting to stay in business and be competitive while facing the high costs of complying with these labor laws. They challenge the prevailing view that labor market regulations affect only the distribution of labor incomes and have little or no impact on efficiency or the performance of labor markets. Using new micro-evidence, this volume shows that labor regulations reduce labor market turnover rates and flexibility, promote inequality, and discriminate against marginal workers. Along with in-depth studies of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Jamaica, and Trinidad, Law and Employment provides comparative analysis of Latin American economies against a range of European countries and the United States. The book breaks new ground by quantifying not only the cost of regulation in Latin America, the Caribbean, and in the OECD, but also the broader impact of this regulation.

Labor Markets in Latin America

Author : Suzanne Duryea
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Labor Markets in Latin America by : Suzanne Duryea

Download or read book Labor Markets in Latin America written by Suzanne Duryea and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Economic Reforms, Growth and Employment

Author : Jürgen Weller
Publisher : Santiago, Chile : ECLAC
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Reforms, Growth and Employment by : Jürgen Weller

Download or read book Economic Reforms, Growth and Employment written by Jürgen Weller and published by Santiago, Chile : ECLAC. This book was released on 2001 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last ten to fifteen years, profound structural reforms have moved Latin America and the Caribbean from closed, state-dominated economies to ones that are more market-oriented and open. Policymakers expected that these changes would speed up growth. This book is part of a multi-year project to determine whether these expectation have been fulfilled. Analysing the impact of the reforms on employment it is argued that expectations were not fulfilled with respect to the operation of the labour markets. The reforms limited the expansion of employment in some sectors, particularly in tradeable goods. They also created a bias in labour demad for better educated workers which exacerbates inequality. It is thus made clear that the region faces major challenges both in increasing the number of jobs and improving job equality.

The Labor Market Story Behind Latin America’s Transformation

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821397737
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis The Labor Market Story Behind Latin America’s Transformation by :

Download or read book The Labor Market Story Behind Latin America’s Transformation written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This semiannual report - a product of the Office of the Chief Economist for the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) Region of the World Bank - examines in detail the most significant changes experienced by labor markets in LAC countries between the 1990s and the 2000s, and provides an overview of the economic outlook for the LAC region in the coming months. Chapter 1 starts by briefly analyzing the sources of external risks for LAC and describes the economic prospects for the region. Chapter 2 studies how the recent decade of high growth, increased macroeconomic stability and great improvements in the social agenda was accompanied by a rapid transformation of labor markets in LAC. In particular, it documents the forces behind the sharp decline in wage inequality and studies the consequences of disinflation for labor market adjustments.

Labor Market Flexibility in Thirteen Latin American Countries and the United States

Author : José Antonio González Anaya
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Labor Market Flexibility in Thirteen Latin American Countries and the United States by : José Antonio González Anaya

Download or read book Labor Market Flexibility in Thirteen Latin American Countries and the United States written by José Antonio González Anaya and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies labor market flexibility in 13 Latin American countries--Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela--since the 1960s and 1970s by looking at the sensitivity of employment and unemployment, and real wages with respect to output. It finds that price stabilization has brought real-wage stability, but that it has tended to increase uncertainty of job security. It argues that declining inflation makes labor market rigidities binding because labor markets cannot absorb output shocks through prices. Cyclical relationships are studies by constructing Okun coefficients for unemployment, employment, and wages using first differences and the cyclical component of a Hodrick-Prescott (HP) decomposition of the series. This paper finds that compared with the United States, output fluctuations in Latin America have a small effect on employment and unemployment, but a large effect on real wages. The most important determinants of the flexibility indicators are labor market reforms. Long-term relationships are studies using a standard production function and the permanent component of the HP decomposition of the series. In all seven countries that implemented a price stabilization program, the output elasticity of employment increased, implying higher productivity and lower employment generation.

The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment

Author : Pierre-Richard Agénor
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451854781
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment by : Pierre-Richard Agénor

Download or read book The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-11-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on economic flexibility and the channels through which labor market imperfections alter the effects of structural adjustment measures are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation, such as the link between changes in relative wages and the distributional effects of adjustment policies.

Labor Markets and Institutions

Author : Banco Central de Chile. Conferencia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Labor Markets and Institutions by : Banco Central de Chile. Conferencia

Download or read book Labor Markets and Institutions written by Banco Central de Chile. Conferencia and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Employment and Labor Force in Latin America

Author : Juan J. Buttari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Employment and Labor Force in Latin America by : Juan J. Buttari

Download or read book Employment and Labor Force in Latin America written by Juan J. Buttari and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Demographic Responses to Economic Adjustment in Latin America

Author : Georges Photios Tapinos
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198292104
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (921 download)

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Book Synopsis Demographic Responses to Economic Adjustment in Latin America by : Georges Photios Tapinos

Download or read book Demographic Responses to Economic Adjustment in Latin America written by Georges Photios Tapinos and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains a collection of papers on the impact of economic fluctuations on mortality, fertility and labour markets in Latin America during the 1980s.

Labor Markets in Latin America

Author : Brookings Institution
Publisher : Brookings Inst Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815721079
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis Labor Markets in Latin America by : Brookings Institution

Download or read book Labor Markets in Latin America written by Brookings Institution and published by Brookings Inst Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a comprehensive description of the existing labor institutions in Latin America, the problems they pose, and the trends in labor market reforms as well as the difficulties encountered by the reform process in specific cases.

Designing Labor Market Institutions in Emerging and Developing Economies

Author : Mr.Romain A Duval
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498315208
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis Designing Labor Market Institutions in Emerging and Developing Economies by : Mr.Romain A Duval

Download or read book Designing Labor Market Institutions in Emerging and Developing Economies written by Mr.Romain A Duval and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses theoretical aspects and evidences related to designing labor market institutions in emerging market and developing economies. This note reviews the state of theory and evidence on the design of labor market institutions in a developing economy context and then reviews its consistency with actual labor market advice in a selected set of emerging and developing economies. The focus is mainly on three broad sets of institutions that matter for both workers’ protection and labor market efficiency: employment protection, unemployment insurance and social assistance, minimum wages and collective bargaining. Text mining techniques are used to identify IMF recommendations in these areas in Article IV Reports for 30 emerging and frontier economies over 2005–2016. This note has provided a critical review of the literature on the design of labor market institutions in emerging and developing market economies, and benchmarked the advice featured in IMF recommendations for 30 emerging market and frontier economies against the tentative conclusions from the literature.

More Work to Do? Taking Stock of Latin American Labor Markets

Author : Antonio C. David
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis More Work to Do? Taking Stock of Latin American Labor Markets by : Antonio C. David

Download or read book More Work to Do? Taking Stock of Latin American Labor Markets written by Antonio C. David and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the performance of labor markets in Latin America since the late 1990s. Strong GDP growth during the commodity boom period led to important gains in employment and a fall in the unemployment rate as labor demand outpaced an increasing labor supply. We emphasize the role of informality in the dynamics of labor markets in Latin America. A re-examination of Okun's law shows that informality dampens changes in unemployment accompanying output fluctuations. Moreover, we present some evidence that countries with higher redundancy costs and cumbersome dismissal regulations, exhibit 'excess' informality over and above what would be expected based on their income and educational levels. Labor market reforms could thus contribute to reducing informality and increasing the responsiveness of labor markets to output growth. However, looking at selected case studies of reforms using the synthetic control method, we find mixed results in terms of labor market outcomes.