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Investigation Of The Scalability Of Rare Earth Ion Quantum Hardware
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Book Synopsis Investigation of the Scalability of Rare-earth-ion Quantum Hardware by : John Glen Bartholomew
Download or read book Investigation of the Scalability of Rare-earth-ion Quantum Hardware written by John Glen Bartholomew and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, the solid-state rare-earth-ion system has demonstrated increasing appeal for quantum computation. Despite this progress, two hardware limitations prevent a scalable implementation. These current limitations are the inability to miniaturise and the inability to perform single-ion qubit readout. This thesis addresses both these limitations and demonstrates that neither poses a fundamental restriction on increasing the scale of rare-earth-ion quantum computers. The challenge in miniaturising rare-earth-ion quantum hardware arises from the increases in homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening that accompany micron-scale architectures. The success of miniaturised architectures, such as waveguides, depends on the properties of bulk ions being preserved within microns of the crystal surface. In addition, bulk ion properties must also be preserved in regions of high residual stress resultant from waveguide fabrication. The inhomogeneous and homogeneous properties of near-surface ions and ions in highly stressed environments in Pr3+:Y2SiO5 were studied via white light interferometry combined with micron resolution fluorescence microscopy. It was found that the bulk ion properties could be preserved both near the surface and in highly stressed regions close to micron-scale surface damage. The observation of excess inhomogeneous and homogeneous broadening was found to be consistent with the damage present at the crystal surface. The main outcome of the study was a set of waveguide fabrication guidelines to ensure that the appealing properties of bulk crystals can be maintained in a miniaturised architecture. The current inability to perform single-ion qubit readout is a consequence of the difficulty in isolating a single ion and lack of cyclicity in rare-earth-ion materials. Two techniques are proposed to form a solution: Stark activation and Zeeman enhanced cyclicity. When combined, these techniques offer direct readout for single-ion frequency-based quantum computing. Stark activation is designed to isolate a single rare-earth ion in a macroscopic crystal. The proposal is based on defining the condition for resonant excitation through a spatially varying electric field. A proof-of-principle experiment successfully created a 10 um absorption region within a millimetre thick crystal. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio of the technique was characterised in experiments probing Pr3+:Y2SiO5 at the single-ion level. Future improvements to the apparatus should allow the nanometre spatial resolution and the noise level to be reduced to allow single-ion optical detection. High cyclicity is essential for high-fidelity optical readout of a single-ion qubit. Zeeman enhanced cyclicity achieves this by manipulating the hyperfine structure of the resonant crystal field levels to induce strong hyperfine selection rules. The technique is shown to be applicable to even the lowest symmetry sites. The simulated level of cyclicity in Pr3+:Y2SiO5 was greater than 99.99% by applying a 10 T field. The investigation of scalability in the rare-earth-ion system marks a movement away from the traditional ensemble-based methods in macroscopic crystals. This study required an understanding of these materials at a single-ion level and the development of high spatial resolution spectroscopic techniques. These advances extend the ability to engineer rare-earth-ion systems for applications including, but not limited to, quantum computing.
Book Synopsis Quantum Computing Hardware Based on Rare-earth-ion Doped Whispering-gallery Mode Resonators by : David Lee McAuslan
Download or read book Quantum Computing Hardware Based on Rare-earth-ion Doped Whispering-gallery Mode Resonators written by David Lee McAuslan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Theoretical Investigation of Robust Quantum Computing in Rare-earth-ion Doped Crystals by : Ingela Roos
Download or read book Theoretical Investigation of Robust Quantum Computing in Rare-earth-ion Doped Crystals written by Ingela Roos and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Quantum Information Storage in Rare Earth Doped Materials by : Annabel Lucy Alexander
Download or read book Investigation of Quantum Information Storage in Rare Earth Doped Materials written by Annabel Lucy Alexander and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Qubit Isolation in a Rare-earth Quantum Computer by :
Download or read book Investigation of Qubit Isolation in a Rare-earth Quantum Computer written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In Pursuit of Quantum Hardware by : Samuel Neyens
Download or read book In Pursuit of Quantum Hardware written by Samuel Neyens and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential power of quantum algorithms to solve problems that are currently computationally intractable has launched investigations into a wide range of quantum systems with the goal of developing quantum hardware. Among these candidate systems for encoding quantum bits (qubits), electron spins localized in gate-defined quantum dots are promsing. In particular, quantum dots defined in Si/SiGe heterostructures have a number of advantages, including a low defect density and a low intrinsic density of interfering nuclear spins. This work presents a series of investigations into gate-defined quantum dots formed in Si/SiGe heterostructures. A key parameter for the performance of quantum dot qubits hosted in Si is the valley splitting energy. In Si/SiGe heterostructures, controlling the valley splitting remains an outstanding challenge. Here we present measurements of valley splitting in Si/SiGe heterostructures with varied Ge concentration profiles. The measured scaling of the valley splitting with vertical electric field is compared with tight-binding simulations of heterostructures with interfacial steps, and the agreement in scaling provides evidence for the important role played by interfacial disorder in setting the valley splitting in these samples. Additionally, for gate-defined quantum dots, a key device element is the dielectric layer which mediates the electric fields between the gate electrodes and the gate-defined dots. We discuss experiments to test a novel method for generating a gate dielectric for Si/SiGe quantum dots using thermal oxidation at 700 degrees C. Another critical component towards developing quantum processors based on quantum dots is the engineering of strong and controllable inter-qubit coupling. For double quantum dot qubits with an effective charge dipole moment, a capacitive dipole-dipole interaction can generate coherent coupling between neighboring qubits. Here we also discuss investigations into the capacitive interaction between double quantum dots in a quadruple quantum dot device. This includes a demonstration of the tuning of the capacitive coupling energy over a wide range using barrier gate voltages and analysis of the dependence of that coupling energy on device geometry. Finally, we present procedures for fabricating quadruple quantum dot devices in Si/SiGe using an architecture based on overlapping self-oxidized Al gates.
Book Synopsis Scaling Trapped-ion Quantum Computers with CMOS-integrated State Readout by : Danielius Kramnik
Download or read book Scaling Trapped-ion Quantum Computers with CMOS-integrated State Readout written by Danielius Kramnik and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum information processing (QIP) has emerged as a powerful new computing paradigm as traditional Moore’s law scaling slows due to skyrocketing costs of shrinking feature sizes, interconnects becoming the dominant source of energy consumption and delay as transistor critical dimensions fall below 10 nm, and power density limiting the activity factor in digital systems on a chip. Quantum computers use quantum states (“qubits”) to store and manipulate information, giving them fundamental performance advantages over classical digital computers in certain applications. Although the feasibility of QIP has been proven for decades using smallscale (. 50 physical qubit) demonstration systems, the main problem is achieving scalability using existing designs. Individual atomic ions trapped by electromagnetic fields in a vacuum and manipulated using lasers have been a leading candidate for a physical substrate for QIP since the beginning, but scaling has been limited by the bulky free-space optics that are traditionally used for state manipulation and readout. CMOS chips with integrated photonics, on the other hand, can solve the scalability issue by tightly packing photodetectors for state readout, classical computing resources for timing and control, and optical waveguides and modulators for state manipulation onto the same chip. In recent years researchers have fabricated a planar ion trap in a CMOS foundry and addressed individual ions using photonic components built on a custom-fabricated ion trap, but the problem of CMOS-integrated state readout remains unaddressed. Current approaches to state readout use a large external lens and photomultiplier tube to detect state-dependent ion fluorescence. Instead, fabricating silicon photodetectors directly below the trap location would eliminate large light collection optics and enable scaling of readout to greater numbers of ions by closing the sensing-to-manipulation loop on-chip. This thesis addresses this issue by developing hardware and methodology to perform detailed characterization of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) integrated on a CMOS ion trap at cryogenic temperatures, showing that state readout with speed and fidelity comparable to the bulk optics approach is possible. Based on our results, state readout experiments using a CMOS ion trap with integrated SPADs are presently underway at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309499542 Total Pages :315 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Manipulating Quantum Systems by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Manipulating Quantum Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-09-14 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science underpins many technologies and continues to progress at an exciting pace for both scientific discoveries and technological innovations. AMO physics studies the fundamental building blocks of functioning matter to help advance the understanding of the universe. It is a foundational discipline within the physical sciences, relating to atoms and their constituents, to molecules, and to light at the quantum level. AMO physics combines fundamental research with practical application, coupling fundamental scientific discovery to rapidly evolving technological advances, innovation and commercialization. Due to the wide-reaching intellectual, societal, and economical impact of AMO, it is important to review recent advances and future opportunities in AMO physics. Manipulating Quantum Systems: An Assessment of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States assesses opportunities in AMO science and technology over the coming decade. Key topics in this report include tools made of light; emerging phenomena from few- to many-body systems; the foundations of quantum information science and technologies; quantum dynamics in the time and frequency domains; precision and the nature of the universe, and the broader impact of AMO science.
Book Synopsis European Quantum Electronics Conference by :
Download or read book European Quantum Electronics Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030947969X Total Pages :273 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Quantum Computing by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Quantum Computing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-27 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum mechanics, the subfield of physics that describes the behavior of very small (quantum) particles, provides the basis for a new paradigm of computing. First proposed in the 1980s as a way to improve computational modeling of quantum systems, the field of quantum computing has recently garnered significant attention due to progress in building small-scale devices. However, significant technical advances will be required before a large-scale, practical quantum computer can be achieved. Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects provides an introduction to the field, including the unique characteristics and constraints of the technology, and assesses the feasibility and implications of creating a functional quantum computer capable of addressing real-world problems. This report considers hardware and software requirements, quantum algorithms, drivers of advances in quantum computing and quantum devices, benchmarks associated with relevant use cases, the time and resources required, and how to assess the probability of success.
Book Synopsis Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths by : Jean-Claude G. Bunzli
Download or read book Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths written by Jean-Claude G. Bunzli and published by North Holland. This book was released on 2019-11 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths: Including Actinides, Volume 56, is a continuous series of books covering all aspects of rare earth science, including chemistry, life sciences, materials science and physics. The book's main emphasis is on rare earth elements [Sc, Y, and the lanthanides (La through Lu], but whenever relevant, information is also included on the closely related actinide elements. Individual chapters in this release include Lanthanide Molecules for Spin-based Quantum Technologies, Modeling Intramolecular Energy Transfer in Lanthanide Chelates: A Critical Review and Recent Advances, and Superconducting Uranium-Based Materials. Presents up-to-date overviews and new developments in the field of rare earths, covering both their physics and chemistry Contains Individual chapters that are comprehensive and broad, along with critical reviews Provides contributions from highly experienced, invited experts
Book Synopsis Quantum Computer Systems by : Yongshan Ding
Download or read book Quantum Computer Systems written by Yongshan Ding and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book targets computer scientists and engineers who are familiar with concepts in classical computer systems but are curious to learn the general architecture of quantum computing systems. It gives a concise presentation of this new paradigm of computing from a computer systems' point of view without assuming any background in quantum mechanics. As such, it is divided into two parts. The first part of the book provides a gentle overview on the fundamental principles of the quantum theory and their implications for computing. The second part is devoted to state-of-the-art research in designing practical quantum programs, building a scalable software systems stack, and controlling quantum hardware components. Most chapters end with a summary and an outlook for future directions. This book celebrates the remarkable progress that scientists across disciplines have made in the past decades and reveals what roles computer scientists and engineers can play to enable practical-scale quantum computing.
Book Synopsis High-Fidelity Quantum Logic in Ca+ by : Christopher J. Ballance
Download or read book High-Fidelity Quantum Logic in Ca+ written by Christopher J. Ballance and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-14 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes experimental work in the field of trapped-ion quantum computation. It outlines the theory of Raman interactions, examines the various sources of error in two-qubit gates, and describes in detail experimental explorations of the sources of infidelity in implementations of single- and two-qubit gates. Lastly, it presents an experimental demonstration of a mixed-species entangling gate.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantum Computing with Naturally Trapped Sub-nanometre-spaced Ions by : Lars Rippe
Download or read book Quantum Computing with Naturally Trapped Sub-nanometre-spaced Ions written by Lars Rippe and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Unconventional Computing 2007 by : Andrew Adamatzky
Download or read book Unconventional Computing 2007 written by Andrew Adamatzky and published by Luniver Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unconventional computing is the quest for groundbreaking new algorithms and computing architectures based on and inspired by the principles of information processing in physical, chemical and biological systems. The timely scientific contributions in this book include cutting-edge theoretical work on quantum and kinematic Turing machines, computational complexity of physical systems, molecular and chemical computation, processing incomplete information, physical hypercomputation, automata networks and swarms. They are nicely complemented by recent results on experimental implementations of logical and arithmetical circuits in a domino substrate, DNA computers, and self-assembly. The book supports interdisciplinary research in the field of future computing and contributes toward developing a common interface between computer science, biology, mathematics, chemistry, electronics engineering, and physics.
Book Synopsis The Physics of Information Technology by : Neil Gershenfeld
Download or read book The Physics of Information Technology written by Neil Gershenfeld and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-10-16 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Physics of Information Technology explores the familiar devices that we use to collect, transform, transmit, and interact with electronic information. Many such devices operate surprisingly close to very many fundamental physical limits. Understanding how such devices work, and how they can (and cannot) be improved, requires deep insight into the character of physical law as well as engineering practice. The book starts with an introduction to units, forces, and the probabilistic foundations of noise and signalling, then progresses through the electromagnetics of wired and wireless communications, and the quantum mechanics of electronic, optical, and magnetic materials, to discussions of mechanisms for computation, storage, sensing, and display. This self-contained volume will help both physical scientists and computer scientists see beyond the conventional division between hardware and software to understand the implications of physical theory for information manipulation.
