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Investigation Of The Impact Of Co2 On Water Rock Interactions Using Sequential Extractions
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Book Synopsis Investigation of the impact of carbon dioxide on water-rock interactions using sequential extractions by : Sarah R. Beers
Download or read book Investigation of the impact of carbon dioxide on water-rock interactions using sequential extractions written by Sarah R. Beers and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of the Impact of CO2 on Water-rock Interactions Using Sequential Extractions by : Sarah R. Beers
Download or read book Investigation of the Impact of CO2 on Water-rock Interactions Using Sequential Extractions written by Sarah R. Beers and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Release of CO2 into groundwater has an impact on groundwater geochemistry, including a decrease in pH, and increases in alkalinity and cation concentrations. From an experiment in Bozeman, Montana, it was concluded that the cations were released by interactions between groundwater, CO2, and aquifer sediment. To evaluate these interactions, ions from the aquifer sediment were sequentially extracted to determine which cations and trace metals were associated with different phases in the sediment. These phases included ion exchange sites, carbonate, oxide, and sulfide minerals, and organic material. The data were then compared with the groundwater chemistry data to determine the likely reactions occurring in the aquifer with the addition of CO2. Geochemical groundwater modeling revealed that the groundwater was undersaturated with respect to calcite both before and during the addition of CO2. Thus, calcite dissolution was contributing to the groundwater chemistry. In addition to calcite dissolution, a decrease in pH in the aquifer affected ion exchange and manganese oxide dissolution. Comparisons between the sequential extraction results and groundwater chemistry showed that uranium and barium were closely related to carbonate dissolution, while magnesium and strontium were primarily contributed by ion exchange. Also, manganese oxides contributed a majority of the cobalt in the system. Ion exchange, carbonate dissolution, and manganese oxide dissolution are responsible for a majority of the groundwater geochemical changes as a result of CO2 injection.
Book Synopsis Geochemistry of Geologic CO2 Sequestration by : Donald J. DePaolo
Download or read book Geochemistry of Geologic CO2 Sequestration written by Donald J. DePaolo and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 77 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry focuses on important aspects of the geochemistry of geological CO2 sequestration. It is in large part an outgrowth of research conducted by members of the U.S. Department of Energy funded Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) known as the Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2 (NCGC). Eight out of the 15 chapters have been led by team members from the NCGC representing six of the eight partner institutions making up this center - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (lead institution, D. DePaolo - PI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The Ohio State University, the University of California Davis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and Washington University, St. Louis.
Book Synopsis Kinetics of Water-Rock Interaction by : Susan Brantley
Download or read book Kinetics of Water-Rock Interaction written by Susan Brantley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-29 with total page 843 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geochemical kinetics as a topic is now of importance to a wide range of geochemists in academia, industry, and government, and all geochemists need a rudimentary knowledge of the field. This book summarizes the fundamentals of geochemical kinetics with examples drawn especially from mineral dissolution and precipitation. It also encompasses discussion of high temperature processes and global geochemical cycle modeling. Analysis of textures of rocks, sediments, and mineral surfaces are incorporated throughout and provide a sub-theme of the book.
Book Synopsis Water-rock Interaction by : Richard B. Wanty
Download or read book Water-rock Interaction written by Richard B. Wanty and published by Taylor & Francis US. This book was released on 2004 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carbon Dioxide-water-rock Interaction in a Carbonate Reservoir Capped by a Clay by : Virginia M. Marcon
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide-water-rock Interaction in a Carbonate Reservoir Capped by a Clay written by Virginia M. Marcon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep geologic formations are attractive reservoirs for geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) due to their ability to store hydrocarbons for millions of years. The technology needed for injecting CO2 into these geologic formations was established through the oil and gas industry for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and enhanced gas recovery (EGR). However, there are some risks associated with CO2 injection such as leakage of inorganic compounds into overlying potable aquifers. Since it is difficult to avoid leakage in these systems, understanding how leaks may affect the chemistry of overlying potable aquifers is crucial. Two groups of hydrothermal experiments were performed to evaluate metal mobilization and mechanisms of release from within a storage reservoir. The first group of experiments react idealized Desert Creek limestone and/or Gothic Shale, formations in the Paradox Basin, Utah, at 160C and 25MPa in a brine (I = 3.3m). These experiments investigated the release of harmful metals from two zones within a sequestration injection reservoir: at the caprock-reservoir boundary and deeper within the reservoir. Experimental results show that CO2 injection decreases the pH by 1 to 2 units; concomitant mineral dissolution produces elevated Ba, Cu, Fe Pb and Zn concentrations in the brine. Concentrations subsequently decrease to approximately steady state values after 120-330 hours as a result of secondary mineralization of Ca-Mg-Fe carbonates, metal sulfides (i.e. Fe, As, Ag and Co sulfides), sulfates and clays. Iron, an element of secondary concern, and lead exceed the EPA regulated limits in both experiments at termination; Ba, Cu and Zn concentrations remain below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminate limits (MCL). Transition elements Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn as well as Pb, behave in a similar manner, increasing in concentration with injection but continually decreasing after about 830 hours until termination of the experiment. Nickel, not a regulated element, is also readily mobilized, and is associated with human health concerns at elevated concentrations. If brines leak from a storage reservoir and mix with a potable aquifer, the experimental results suggest that Ba, Cu and Zn will not be contaminants of concern, but Fe, Ni and Pb may require careful attention. However, experimentally observed trends of decreasing trace metal concentrations suggest that these metals could become less of a concern during the life of a carbon repository. Finally, the caprock plays an active role in trace metal evolution in the system. The caprock provides a large source of metals, but secondary mineralization and adsorption may remove metals of concern from solution. The second group of hydrothermal experiments reacted an idealized carbonate injection reservoir (Fe-rich dolomite) and caprock (illite) in a water (I =0.1m) to investigate the potential for metal mobilization and precipitation within a GCS scenario. Experiments investigated three locations within a sequestration reservoir: deep within the storage reservoir, within the caprock and at the caprock-reservoir boundary. The experiments were reacted for ~55 days: 17 days to approach steady state before CO2 is injected and 38 days to monitor changes from CO2 injection. Several major and minor ions, total dissolved CO2 and pH were monitored throughout the duration of the experiments. In all three experiments, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, SiO2 and SO4 increased as a result of CO2-injection, but subsequently decline through the termination of the experiments. The aqueous data supported by geochemical equilibrium modeling, FESEM images and XRD results indicate initial dissolution of illite and dolomite minerals followed by re-precipitation of Ca, Mg, Fe-carbonates, Fe, Ag-sulfides, Ba-sulfates, clays and Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn-metal-oxides. Trace metals in these experiments did not exceed the U.S. EPA's primary or secondary MCL, but geochemical patterns denote valuable information for metal release, co-precipitation and adsorption of metals in a sequestration scenario. Experiments replicating an idealized carbonate injection reservoir show that metals are more readily mobilized than in experiments containing a caprock. Once the caprock is included in the system, water chemistry, FESEM and modeling results suggest increased adsorption and co-precipitation of the potentially harmful metals, which removes mobilized metals from solution. Barium, Sr and Fe are potential elements of concern in a sequestration scenario due to mobility of the metals.
Book Synopsis Numerical study of physico- chemical interactions for CO2 sequestration and geothermal energy utilization in the Ordos Basin, China by : Hejuan Liu
Download or read book Numerical study of physico- chemical interactions for CO2 sequestration and geothermal energy utilization in the Ordos Basin, China written by Hejuan Liu and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2014-11-10 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, three simulators (i.e. TOUGH2MP, TOUGHREACT and FLAC3D) were used to simulate the complex physical and chemical interactions induced by CO2 sequestration. The simulations were done instages, ranging from the two phase (water and CO2) fluid flow (H2), through coupled hydro-mechanical effects (H2M) and geochemical responses (i.e. CO2-water-rock interactions (H2C)), to the extension of CCS to CCUS by the application of combined geothermal production and CO2 sequestration technologies. The findings of this study are essential for a thorough understanding of the complex interactions in the multiphase, multicomponent porous media controlled by different physical and chemical mechanisms. Furthermore, the simulation results will provide an invaluable reference for field operations in CCS projects, especially for the full-integration pilot scale CCS project launched in the Ordos Basin. Subsequently, a preliminary site selection scheme for the combined geothermal production and CO2 sequestration was set up, which considered various factorsinvolved in site selection, ranging from safety, economical, environmental and technical issues. This work provides an important framework for the combined geothermal production and CO2 sequestration project. However, further numerical and field studies are still needed to improve on a series of criteria and related parameters necessary for a better understanding of the technology.
Book Synopsis Water-Rock Interaction XIII by : Peter Birkle
Download or read book Water-Rock Interaction XIII written by Peter Birkle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 18th century, Neptunists and Plutonists had controversial opinions about the formation of the Earth and its lithological units. The former believed that rocks formed from the crystallization of minerals in the early Earth's oceans, the latter believed that rocks were formed in fire. Both theories ignored the importance of continuous wat
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling of CO2-water-rock Interactions in the Farnsworth, Texas Hydrocarbon Unit, USA by : Bulbul Ahmmed
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of CO2-water-rock Interactions in the Farnsworth, Texas Hydrocarbon Unit, USA written by Bulbul Ahmmed and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical speciation, reaction path, and reactive transport modeling were used to study the effects on pore water composition and mineralogy from CO2 injection into the Pennsylvanian Morrow B Sandstone in the Farnsworth Unit in northern Texas to evaluate its potential for long-term CO2 sequestration. Speciation modeling showed the present Morrow B formation water to be supersaturated with respect to an assemblage of zeolite, clay, carbonate, mica, and aluminum hydroxide minerals, and quartz. The principal accessory minerals in the Morrow B, feldspars and chlorite, were predicted to dissolve. A reaction path model in which CO2 was progressively titrated up to its solubility limit into the Morrow B formation water showed the pH to decrease from its initial value of 7 to about 4.1 to 4.2, accompanied by the precipitation of small amounts of quartz, diaspore, and witherite. As the resultant CO2-charged fluid reacted with more of the Morrow B mineral matrix, the pH rose, reaching a maximum of 5.1 to 5.2 at a water:rock ratio of 10:1. At a higher water:rock ratio of 100:1, the pH rose to only 4.6 to 4.7. Diaspore, quartz, and nontronite precipitated consistently regardless of the water:rock ratio, but the carbonate minerals, siderite, witherite, dolomite, and calcite, only precipitated at higher pH. As a result, CO2 sequestration by mineral trapping was predicted to be important only at low water:rock ratios, accounting for a maximum of 2% of the titrated CO2 at the lowest water:rock ratio investigated of 10:1, which corresponds to a small porosity increase of about 1.4 to 1.5%. Reactive solute transport modeling extended the reaction path modeling by including the effects of multi-phase fluid flow, heat transport, and solute transport with the chemical reactions. CO2 was injected at nine wells in the western part of the field for 10 years in the model simulations. During injection, fluid pressures near the wells rose from about 15 MPa to about 19.2 MPa, but quickly dissipated after injection ceased. A plume of immiscible CO2 gas built up around the wells, reaching pore saturations of about 50%, but did not migrate far from the wells over time. In contrast, CO2 dissolved into aqueous solution was transported to the eastern boundary of the field within 30 years. The pH in the aqueous CO2 plume was as low as 4.74 and led to the dissolution of most of the native minerals in the Morrow B Sandstone matrix. Over the 30 years time of the simulations thus far, ankerite was the only carbonate mineral predicted to precipitate, and thus the only mineral sink for CO2. Most of the injected CO2 over the time frame of the simulations was predicted to be sequestered by hydrodynamic trapping, followed by solubility and mineral trapping, respectively. The amounts of mineral precipitation and dissolution were too small to affect the porosity and permeability significantly, meaning that the hydraulics of the aquifer should not be significantly affected by CO2 injection.
Book Synopsis Water-Rock Interaction, Two Volume Set by : Thomas D. Bullen
Download or read book Water-Rock Interaction, Two Volume Set written by Thomas D. Bullen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-07-20 with total page 1704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydrosphere and lithosphere intersect in a zone a few kilometres wide at the earth’s surface, resulting in the formation of magmas, metamorphic rocks and mineral deposits, and placing important controls on the evolution of landscapes. This interaction imparts chemistry to waters and provides the essential environment for ecosystems to flourish. It affects the transport and fate of pollutants in groundwater and surface water systems, influences the stability of landscapes and sub-surface structures and provides an important feedback mechanism for controlling carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. New analytical instrumentation and methods have allowed unprecedented characterization of the sources of, and processes affecting, the chemical constituents of water. Novel field and laboratory-based approaches have revealed the atomic level of the mineral-water interface and the critical role that microbes play in many water-rock interactions, including the toxification and detoxification of the environment. Our window into the higher temperature and pressure world of geothermal waters increasingly widens as new theoretical and experimental approaches are perfected. The need to confront society’s impact on the environment has led to innovative field-based and theoretical studies of our ability to sequester waste products effectively and safely within the earth, to develop new methods to treat wastes before they are returned to the environment, and to greater understanding of the limits of sustainability of our water and mineral resources. In 2007, WRI-12 attracted more than 400 geoscientists from over 25 countries to Kunming, China. For this WRI symposium, approximately half of the 350 papers were from Chinese scientists, attesting to the increasing impact their science is having on the world stage.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Impact of CO2, Aqueous Fluid, and Reservoir Rock Interactions on the Geologic Sequestration of CO2 with Special Emphasis on Economic Implications by :
Download or read book Evaluation of the Impact of CO2, Aqueous Fluid, and Reservoir Rock Interactions on the Geologic Sequestration of CO2 with Special Emphasis on Economic Implications written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lowering the costs of front-end processes in the geologic sequestration of CO2 can dramatically lower the overall costs. One approach is to sequester less-pure CO2 waste streams that are less expensive or require less energy to separate from flue gas, a coal gasification process, etc. The objective of this research is to evaluate the impacts of an impure CO2 waste stream on geologic sequestration using both reaction progress and reactive transport simulators. The simulators serve as numerical laboratories within which a series of computational experiments can be designed, carried out, and analyzed to quantify sensitivity of the overall injection/sequestration process to specific compositional, hydrologic, structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic parameters associated with the injection fluid and subsurface environment.
Book Synopsis Water-rock Interaction by : Thomas D. Bullen
Download or read book Water-rock Interaction written by Thomas D. Bullen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydrosphere and lithosphere intersect in a zone a few kilometres wide at the earth's surface, resulting in the formation of magmas, metamorphic rocks and mineral deposits, and placing important controls on the evolution of landscapes. This interaction imparts chemistry to waters and provides the essential environment for ecosystems to flourish. It affects the transport and fate of pollutants in groundwater and surface water systems, influences the stability of landscapes and sub-surface structures and provides an important feedback mechanism for controlling carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. New analytical instrumentation and methods have allowed unprecedented characterization of the sources of, and processes affecting, the chemical constituents of water. Novel field and laboratory-based approaches have revealed the atomic level of the mineral-water interface and the critical role that microbes play in many water-rock interactions, including the toxification and detoxification of the environment. Our window into the higher temperature and pressure world of geothermal waters increasingly widens as new theoretical and experimental approaches are perfected. The need to confront society's impact on the environment has led to innovative field-based and theoretical studies of our ability to sequester waste products effectively and safely within the earth, to develop new methods to treat wastes before they are returned to the environment, and to greater understanding of the limits of sustainability of our water and mineral resources. In 2007, WRI-12 attracted more than 400 geoscientists from over 25 countries to Kunming, China. For this WRI symposium, approximately half of the 350 papers were from Chinese scientists, attesting to the increasing impact their science is having on the world stage.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309484529 Total Pages :511 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.
Book Synopsis Water-Rock Interaction, Two Volume Set by : Richard B. Wanty
Download or read book Water-Rock Interaction, Two Volume Set written by Richard B. Wanty and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-09-02 with total page 1711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction of the lithosphere and hydrosphere sets the boundary conditions for life, as water and the nutrients extracted from rocks are essential to all known life-forms. Water-rock interaction also affects the fate and transport of pollutants, mediates the long-term cycling of fluids and metals in the earth's crust, impacts the migration and
Book Synopsis Selected Water Resources Abstracts by :
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geologic Carbon Sequestration by : V. Vishal
Download or read book Geologic Carbon Sequestration written by V. Vishal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exclusive compilation written by eminent experts from more than ten countries, outlines the processes and methods for geologic sequestration in different sinks. It discusses and highlights the details of individual storage types, including recent advances in the science and technology of carbon storage. The topic is of immense interest to geoscientists, reservoir engineers, environmentalists and researchers from the scientific and industrial communities working on the methodologies for carbon dioxide storage. Increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are often held responsible for the rising temperature of the globe. Geologic sequestration prevents atmospheric release of the waste greenhouse gases by storing them underground for geologically significant periods of time. The book addresses the need for an understanding of carbon reservoir characteristics and behavior. Other book volumes on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) attempt to cover the entire process of CCUS, but the topic of geologic sequestration is not discussed in detail. This book focuses on the recent trends and up-to-date information on different storage rock types, ranging from deep saline aquifers to coal to basaltic formations.
Book Synopsis Climate Intervention by : National Research Council
Download or read book Climate Intervention written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The signals are everywhere that our planet is experiencing significant climate change. It is clear that we need to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from our atmosphere if we want to avoid greatly increased risk of damage from climate change. Aggressively pursuing a program of emissions abatement or mitigation will show results over a timescale of many decades. How do we actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make a bigger difference more quickly? As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses CDR, the carbon dioxide removal of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere and sequestration of it in perpetuity. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration introduces possible CDR approaches and then discusses them in depth. Land management practices, such as low-till agriculture, reforestation and afforestation, ocean iron fertilization, and land-and-ocean-based accelerated weathering, could amplify the rates of processes that are already occurring as part of the natural carbon cycle. Other CDR approaches, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air capture and sequestration, and traditional carbon capture and sequestration, seek to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and dispose of it by pumping it underground at high pressure. This book looks at the pros and cons of these options and estimates possible rates of removal and total amounts that might be removed via these methods. With whatever portfolio of technologies the transition is achieved, eliminating the carbon dioxide emissions from the global energy and transportation systems will pose an enormous technical, economic, and social challenge that will likely take decades of concerted effort to achieve. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration will help to better understand the potential cost and performance of CDR strategies to inform debate and decision making as we work to stabilize and reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.
