Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
International Wage Curves
Download International Wage Curves full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online International Wage Curves ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis International Wage Curves by : David G. Blanchflower
Download or read book International Wage Curves written by David G. Blanchflower and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper provides evidence for the existence of a negatively sloped locus linking the level of pay to the rate of regional (or industry) unemployment. This "wage curve" is estimated using microeconomic data for Britain, the US, Canada, Korea, Austria, Italy, Holland, Switzerland, Norway, and Germany, The average unemployment elasticity of pay is approximately -0.1. The paper sets out a multi-region efficiency wage model and argues that its predictions are consistent with the data
Book Synopsis The Wage Curve by : David G. Blanchflower
Download or read book The Wage Curve written by David G. Blanchflower and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wage Curve casts doubt on some of the most important ideas in macroeconomics, labor economics, and regional economics. According to macroeconomic orthodoxy, there is a relationship between unemployment and the rate of change of wages. According to orthodoxy in labor economics and regional economics an area's wage is positively related to the amount of joblessness in the area. The Wage Curve suggests that both these beliefs are incorrect. Blanchflower and Oswald argue that the stable relationship is a downward-sloping convex curve linking local unemployment and the level of pay. Their study, one of the most intensive in the history of social science, is based on random samples that provide computerized information on nearly four million people from sixteen countries. Throughout, the authors systematically present evidence and possible explanations for their empirical law of economics.
Book Synopsis The Wage Curve in the Nordic Countries by :
Download or read book The Wage Curve in the Nordic Countries written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engelsk tekst. 109 s., hf., 1999. (TemaNord 1999 ; 597)
Book Synopsis Wage Flexibility in Turbulent Times by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Wage Flexibility in Turbulent Times written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2005-07-01 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews several methods to measure wage flexibility, and their suitability for evaluating the extent of such flexibility during times of structural change, when wage distributions and wage curves can be particularly volatile. The paper uses nonparametric estimation to capture possible nonlinearities in the wage curve and relaxes the assumption of a stable wage distribution over time by linking the shape of the wage change distribution to macroeconomic variables. The proposed methodology is applied to Polish micro data. The estimates confirm that wages are less elastic in a high-unemployment/low-wage environment. Based on a comparison of actual and counterfactual wage distributions, the effects of nominal wage rigidities on real wages, and thus, on the labor market and the real economy, were limited until 1998, but have been quite significant thereafter.
Download or read book The Wage curve written by Elke Amend and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Wage Report 2018/19 by : International Labour Office
Download or read book Global Wage Report 2018/19 written by International Labour Office and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2018/19 edition analyses the gender pay gap. The report focuses on two main challenges: how to find the most useful means for measurement, and how to break down the gender pay gap in ways that best inform policy-makers and social partners of the factors that underlie it. The report also includes a review of key policy issues regarding wages and the reduction of gender pay gaps in different national circumstances.
Book Synopsis The Minimum Wage Puzzle in Less Developed Countries: Reconciling Theory and Evidence by : Mr.Christopher S Adam
Download or read book The Minimum Wage Puzzle in Less Developed Countries: Reconciling Theory and Evidence written by Mr.Christopher S Adam and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We show that a dynamic general equilibrium model with efficiency wages and endogenous capital accumulation in both the formal and (non-agricultural) informal sectors can explain the full range of confounding stylized facts associated with minimum wage laws in less developed countries.
Book Synopsis Trade, Jobs and Wages by : Hian Teck Hoon
Download or read book Trade, Jobs and Wages written by Hian Teck Hoon and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's increasing integration through trade and the persistence of high unemployment in Europe, and other areas of the world, highlight the need to understand the implications of free trade for unemployment. Trade, Jobs and Wages analyses how employment levels and real wages are affected by international trade. Popular trade theory disregards the impact of free trade on the rate of unemployment, since it assumes full employment at the outset. By focusing on the determinants of the natural rate of unemployment, Professor Hoon places an emphasis on real, as opposed to monetary, factors in accounting for long term trends in wages and unemployment.
Book Synopsis Living Wages Around the World by : Richard Anker
Download or read book Living Wages Around the World written by Richard Anker and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual describes a new methodology to measure a decent but basic standard of living in different countries and how much workers need to earn to afford this, making it possible for researchers to estimate comparable living wages around the world and determine gaps between living wages and prevailing wages, even in countries with limited secondary data.
Book Synopsis The Wage Curve by : Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales (France)
Download or read book The Wage Curve written by Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales (France) and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les marchés du travail des pays des pays industrialisés ont des caractéristiques très différentes en termes de réglementation, de rôle et de poids des partenaires sociaux, d'indemnisation du chômage, etc. Dans quelle mesure ces disparités s'accompagnent-elles, au niveau macro-économique, de comportements profondément différents d'un pays à l'autre ? Cette question est importante dans le cadre de l'UEM. Une crainte est en effet que des différences de comportement sur le marchés du travail ne donnent des effets asymétriques à un choc initialement commun. Par ailleurs, la mesure de la capacité des marchés du travail européens à s'ajuster face à un choc est importante. Beaucoup d'économistes estiment en effet que l'intégration monétaire européenne pourrait connaître des difficultés sérieuses en présence d'une trop grande rigidité du marché du travail dans certains ou tous les pays de l'UEM, par exemple à la suite d'un choc asymétrique puissant. Ainsi, la comparaison de la formation des salaires dans les différents pays européens, aux Etats-Unis et au Japon peut être riche d'enseignements pour le fonctionnement de l'UEM. Nous proposons ici l'estimation d'une équation des salaire[s] sur un panel de 16 pays industrialisés, comprenant tous les pays participant à l'Euro. L'intérêt de recourir à un panel de pays est double. D'abord, dans la mesure où ces pays présentent certaines similarités structurelles, l'estimation du comportement de chaque nation bénéficie de l'information qu'apportent ses 15 partenaires, et nous pouvons obtenir ainsi des résultats plus solides et plus précis. Ensuite, cela nous permet d'identifier des différences structurelles robustes dans la formation des salaires entre pays. Dans une première section, nous présentons une modélisation théorique pouvant donner lieu à une estimation économétrique simple de la formation des salaires. Celle-ci repose sur une wage curve où le coût du travail est une fonction de sa productivité, des prix, du coin salarial et du taux de chômage. Nous complétons cette équation en introduisant un élément de rigidité nominale : certains contrats de salaire fixent celui-ci pour plus d'une année, et sont donc fonctions du prix courant, mais aussi du prix futur anticipé. La seconde section présente la méthodologie économétrique. L'équation de salaire est estimée simultanément sur les 16 pays, en supposant que certains paramètres ont une valeur commune dans plusieurs nations. La méthode d'estimation la plus naturelle est celle des moindres carrés généralisés. Mais, la présence de variables endogènes et anticipées nous conduit à recourir à des variables instrumentales et aux moments généralisés (GMM). Une nouvelle difficulté apparaît alors : la matrice de covariance des chocs heurtant les différents pays est de grande taille et estimée sur relativement peu de périodes. Pour limiter l'imprécision qui résulterait d'une estimation directe, nous introduisons un certain degré de structure dans les covariances entre chocs en supposant qu'elles peuvent être modélisées par un petit nombre de facteurs communs. Un autre aspect économétrique important est la stratégie de tests emboîtés, allant du général au particulier, qui permet de déterminer si les paramètres prennent ou non des valeurs différentes dans les pays. La troisième section présente les résultats. Tous d'abord, le taux d’emploi est un bien meilleur indicateur des tensions sur le marché du travail que le taux de chômage. Ensuite les principales différences entre pays tiennent à la réponse des salaires à l'évolution de la productivité et aux tensions sur le marché du travail. Toutefois, si l'élasticité du coût du travail à l'emploi varie assez nettement entre les pays, dans les pays européens elle reste globalement de l'ordre des résultats de Blanchflower et Oswald (1995) pour lesquels l'élasticité du salaire au taux de chômage est d'environ 0,1. En revanche, le taux d'emploi n'a pas d'impact significatif sur l'évolution du salaire aux Etats-Unis, où les ajustements s'effectuent davantage par des flux de mains d'oeuvre entre Etats que par une modification des salaires. Les autres paramètres de l'équation ont des valeurs communes dans tous les pays de l'échantillon. On remarque alors que la durée des contrats de salaire est relativement longue, ce qui implique une certaine rigidité nominale, et les anticipations de prix sont assez statiques. Le coin salarial a un effet positif mais faible sur le coût du travail : une hausse des cotisations sociales est donc principalement supportée par une baisse de salaire touché par le salarié, conformément aux résultats de Cotis et Loufir (1990).
Book Synopsis Wage-Led Growth by : Engelbert Stockhammer
Download or read book Wage-Led Growth written by Engelbert Stockhammer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-03 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume seeks to go beyond the microeconomic view of wages as a cost having negative consequences on a given firm, to consider the positive macroeconomic dynamics associated with wages as a major component of aggregate demand.
Book Synopsis Differences and Changes in Wage Structures by : Richard B. Freeman
Download or read book Differences and Changes in Wage Structures written by Richard B. Freeman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past two decades, wages of skilled workers in the United States rose while those of unskilled workers fell; less-educated young men in particular have suffered unprecedented losses in real earnings. These twelve original essays explore whether this trend is unique to the United States or is part of a general growth in inequality in advanced countries. Focusing on labor market institutions and the supply and demand forces that affect wages, the papers compare patterns of earnings inequality and pay differentials in the United States, Australia, Korea, Japan, Western Europe, and the changing economies of Eastern Europe. Cross-country studies examine issues such as managerial compensation, gender differences in earnings, and the relationship of pay to regional unemployment. From this rich store of data, the contributors attribute changes in relative wages and unemployment among countries both to differences in labor market institutions and training and education systems, and to long-term shifts in supply and demand for skilled workers. These shifts are driven in part by skill-biased technological change and the growing internationalization of advanced industrial economies.
Book Synopsis The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment by : Pierre-Richard Agénor
Download or read book The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-11-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on economic flexibility and the channels through which labor market imperfections alter the effects of structural adjustment measures are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation, such as the link between changes in relative wages and the distributional effects of adjustment policies.
Download or read book Wage Curve ... written by Blanchflower and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Global Wage System by : Gernot Kohler
Download or read book The Global Wage System written by Gernot Kohler and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International wage differences are important at a time of globalisation; their social and economic consequences are vast, if not devastating. It is astonishing, therefore, that the origins, causes, and determinants of international wage differences are hardly ever discussed. According to a widely held half-truth, international wage differences reflect international productivity differences. This study challenges that belief and shows that international wage differences are due to a mixture of discrimination and various economic factors, just like wage differences between the sexes. The approach of this study is influenced by two strands of socio-economic analysis, namely, by world-system analysis and by the feminist. critique of gender wage differences. The central theme is discrimination versus productivity. Are international wage differences due to productivity differences or are they due to discrimination? The following issues are examined: Data on international wage differences; long-term changes of national wage rates; wage differences due to gender, race, ethnicity, culture, and region; the relationship between wages and GDP per capita; and more.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309444454 Total Pages :643 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.
Book Synopsis The Wage Curve Reloaded by : David G. Blanchflower
Download or read book The Wage Curve Reloaded written by David G. Blanchflower and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides evidence for the existence of a wage curve -- a micro-econometric association between the level of pay and the local unemployment rate -- in modern U.S. data. Consistent with recent evidence from more than 40 other countries, the wage curve in the United States has a long-run elasticity of approximately -0.1. In line with the paper's theoretical framework: (i) wages are higher in states with more generous unemployment benefits, (ii) the perceived probability of job-finding is lower in states with higher unemployment, and (iii) employees are less happy in states that have higher unemployment. We conclude that it is reasonable to view the wage curve as an empirical law of economics.
