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Author : Christel Elvestad
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book International trade and guidelines on equivalence and mutual recognition written by Christel Elvestad and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Humberto Zúñiga Schroder
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041142754
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)
Download or read book Harmonization, Equivalence and Mutual Recognition of Standards in WTO Law written by Humberto Zúñiga Schroder and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standards are a feature of virtually all areas of trade in products and services. Yet, although standards may achieve an efficient economic exchange, they have discriminatory consequences for trading partners when governments formulate or apply them in such a way as to cause obstacles to trade, thus enrolling standards among the increasingly significant ‘non-tariff barriers’ regulated by the WTO. This unique and original study analyses the functions that standards fulfil in the market, their effect on trade, and the legal regime based on harmonization, equivalence and mutual recognition developed by the WTO to deal with standards. The author investigates the way in which both the WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures Agreements regulate these three tools, and discusses key topics including: The definition of the concept ‘International Standard’ in the TBT Agreement. Guidelines on equivalence issued by organizations such as the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the World Organization for Animal Health and the International Plant Protection Convention. Parallels between the EC mutual recognition regime and the WTO system. This is the first work on its subject. With its detailed and practical analysis of WTO law on standards, the book is a fundamental reference for practitioners, academics and policy makers in international trade law.
Author : Frode Veggeland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Equivalence and Mutual Recognition in Trade Arrangements written by Frode Veggeland and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Frode Veggeland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Trade Facilitation Through Equivalence and Mutual Recognition written by Frode Veggeland and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James J. Nedumpara
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403534141
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Handbook on Product Standards and International Trade written by James J. Nedumpara and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-11-05 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Trade Law Series, Volume 55 India, one of the world’s foremost trading nations, exhibits a particularly complex regulatory landscape with a variety of standard-setting bodies, regulators, accreditation and certification bodies, inspection agencies, as well as several state-level regulators. This is the first book to extensively describe the nature of standard-setting processes in India and the key agencies involved with this task, greatly clarifying the scope of market opportunities in the country. Lucid contributions from experienced practitioners and regulators with first-hand experience in formulating and advising on standards-related issues in international trade help disentangle the web of laws, regulations, operations, and functions of India’s standard setters in governmental, non-governmental, and industry contexts. The chapters describe how standards apply to such crucial trade aspects as the following: conformity assessment practice and procedure; environmental, ethical, social, and safety issues; import bans and import licensing; certification and labelling measures; mutual recognition agreements; food safety; and standardisation of the digital economy. The book is drafted throughout in an easy-to-read style, with numerous tables, flowcharts, and figures illustrating step-by-step compliance procedures. Informative annexes guide the reader to relevant agencies and identify their roles and responsibilities. This book provides a clear and concise guide to the operations, functions, and compliance and documentation requirements of India’s standard-setting and regulatory bodies across all sectors and products, and thus will serve as an unmatched guide for manufacturers, traders, and exporters operating in the Indian market or seeking to export to India. It will also serve as a useful Handbook to policymakers, academics, and researchers interested in understanding the role of standard-setting bodies in the field of international trade.
Author : Sherry Stephenson
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Standards and Conformity Assessment as Nontariff Barriers to Trade written by Sherry Stephenson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Standards and Regulations in International Trade written by United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standards establish a common trading language between buyers and sellers, and ensure public safety and the protection of the environment within and outside national borders. Inappropriate standards and regulations, however, can result in high costs and inefficiencies in trading partner countries as well as in the domestic economy and have international repercussions. These discussion papers focus on transition economies, but inefficiencies also exist in developed market economies and many countries and regional bodies are reforming and upgrading their standards and regulations.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264193626
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (641 download)
Download or read book Trade and Regulatory Reform Insights from Country Experience written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2001-07-23 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference proceedings presents national experiences of regulatory reform and trade in order to foster consensus-building on best practices. Such practices include enhanced transparency, non-discriminatory due process, independence of regulators and active implementation of competition policy.
Author : Jeremy Streatfeild
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book New Reflections on International Trade written by Jeremy Streatfeild and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Reflections on International Trade seeks to take a new and refreshing look at some of the issues affecting the multilateral trading system at the present time. Its editors, Jeremy Streatfeild and Simon Lacey, have both been actively involved in the field of international trade for a number of years, in both an academic as well as practical capacity, working first at the World Trade Institute in Berne, and then the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva. They have both been active in advising developing countries with regard to WTO accession as well as the on-going Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations. This volume brings together a vibrant combination of experienced and recognized commentators on the subject, such as Tim Josling (Stanford), Pierre Sauve (LSE) and Rakesh Bhala (the University of Kansas). But it also opens the way for younger talent to express their views on a whole range of important issues, such as Xialou Zhu (WTO Appellate Body Secretariat), Fernando Pierola (Advisory Center on WTO Law) and Manleen Dugal (the Commonwealth Secretariat). Other young and upcoming talent who has contributed to this book include Robson Fernandez (WTO Secretariat), Paolo Vergano (O?Connor & Company) and Laura Atlee (formerly Vermulst Verhaeghe & Graafsma and now of Steptoe and Johnson Brussels).
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Doing Business in the United States of America written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge: 1. Introduction to the EU-US MRA - 2. Telecommunications equipment - 3. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - 4. Electrical safety - 5. Recreational craft - 6. Pharmaceutical good manufacturing practice (GMP) - 7. Medical devices.
Author : International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309587883
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)
Download or read book Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade written by International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-03-29 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mandated standards used for vehicle airbags, International Organization for Standards (ISO) standards adopted for photographic film, de facto standards for computer software--however they arise, standards play a fundamental role in the global marketplace. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade provides a comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of the link between standards, product testing and certification, and U.S. economic performance. The book includes recommendations for streamlining standards development, increasing the efficiency of product testing and certification, and promoting the success of U.S. exports in world markets. The volume offers a critical examination of organizations involved in standards and identifies the urgent improvements needed in the U.S. system for conformity assessment, in which adherence to standards is assessed and certified. Among other key issues, the book explores the role of government regulation, laboratory accreditation, and the overlapping of multiple quality standards in product development and manufacturing. In one of the first treatments of this subject, Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade offers a unique and highly valuable analysis of the impact of standards and conformity assessment on global trade.
Author : Difei Geng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book International Agreements on Product Standards Under Consumption Externalities written by Difei Geng and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides a comparative analysis of product standards agreements between heterogeneous countries. A simple model of vertical standards is developed where countries have heterogeneous preferences for a negative or positive consumption externality. I compare two major types of standards agreements, those based on national treatment (NT) and mutual recognition (MR). Unlike NT, MR can induce a mismatch of standards between countries, a problem that tends to get worse as country preferences diverge. Due to this mismatch problem, NT tends to become relatively more welfare-enhancing than MR for countries with more dissimilar preferences. These findings explain why the World Trade Organization, the Trans-Pacific Partnership, and the European Union choose different types of standards agreements. The paper also sheds new light on the desirability of international harmonization of product standards.
Author : World Bank;World Trade Organization
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464818886
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Trade Therapy written by World Bank;World Trade Organization and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-08-29 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has exposed the upsides and downsides of international trade in medical goods and services. Open trade can increase access to medical services and goods—and the critical inputs needed to manufacture them—improve quality and variety, and reduce costs. However, excessive concentration of production, restrictive trade policies, supply chain disruptions, and regulatory divergence can jeopardize the ability of public health systems to respond to pandemics and other health crises. Trade Therapy: Deepening Cooperation to Strengthen Pandemic Defenses, coordinated by Nadia Rocha and Michele Ruta at the World Bank and Marc Bacchetta and Joscelyn Magdeleine at the World Trade Organization, provides new data on trade in medical goods and services and medical value chains, surveys the evolving policy landscape before and during the pandemic, and proposes an action plan to improve trade policies and deepen international cooperation to deal with future pandemics. As the COVID-19 pandemic lingers, the focus of policy action is on the response, which includes actions aimed at removing bottlenecks and providing government support to promote equitable access to vaccines. As the emergency subsides, the focus should shift to prevention and preparedness. Steps to close information gaps—building on the Multilateral Leaders Task Force on COVID-19, the ACT-Accelerator, and the open markets, for example—by negotiating tariff reductions on medical goods and greater market access in services should take priority. Also important are measures to improve the efficiency of markets, which include harmonizing regulation through mutual recognition or equivalence of standards and creating international standards for essential medical goods, inputs, and production processes. Agreement on a crisis rulebook to be deployed during an emergency—including clear and agreed limits on export policy flexibility and shared rules on intellectual property flexibilities—would provide a more solid policy foundation to address future challenges.
Author : Ming Du
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509931147
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)
Download or read book The Regulation of Product Standards in World Trade Law written by Ming Du and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-12 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph has two central purposes. The first is to provide a critical analysis of how governmental, private and hybrid product standards are regulated in the GATT/WTO legal framework. The second purpose is to explore – both positively and normatively – the impact that WTO disciplines may have on the composition, function and decision-making process of various standard-setting bodies through the lens of a series of selected case studies, including: the EU eco-labelling scheme; ISO standards; and private standards such as the FSC. The book analyses what role, if any, the WTO may play in making product standards applied in international trade embody not only technological superiority but also substantive and procedural fairness such as deliberation, representativeness, openness, transparency, due process and accountability. Whilst it has been long recognised that voluntary product standards drawn up by both governmental and non-governmental bodies can in practice create trade barriers as serious as mandatory governmental regulations, a rigorous and systematic inquiry into the boundary, relevance and impact of WTO disciplines on product standards is still lacking. Providing a lucid interpretation of the relevant WTO rules and cases on product standards, this book fills this significant gap in WTO law literature. Definitive and comprehensive, this is an essential reference work for scholars and practitioners alike.
Author : Marc Bacchetta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789287038128
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (381 download)
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Author : Walter Goode
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781921244957
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (449 download)
Download or read book Negotiating Free-trade Agreements written by Walter Goode and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : F. Schioppa
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230524354
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (35 download)
Download or read book The Principles of Mutual Recognition in the European Integration Process written by F. Schioppa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-05-31 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mutual Recognition (MR) implies that each Member State is free to use the standards for production it prefers but cannot inhibit the import from other Member States lawfully using other standards, unless justified by emergency reasons. The home country rule then prevails on the host country. Barriers to entry diminish, competition rises in the internal market. This volume looks at a number of aspects of MR, including why its importance cannot be understood outside the general practice of free movement and how some elements of MR already emerge in the skilled labour market of professionals.
